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Bengü Sezen (US), a graduate student at Columbia University, was found to have falsified data in her research for over a decade by editing NMR data to fit her desired results. 6 research papers taken down and her PHD revoked

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- Worked at Harvard University in the USA as a researcher in the Cardiac Research Laboratory

- Fabricated data for his studies, his data apparently looked ‘too good’. He was found to have fabricated and falsified his data on numerous occasions.

- By fabricating data it can undermine publics trust in scientific research, compromises research integrity of research, deceives stakeholders and can risk other scientific careers.

By Lucy

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unethical practice - harmful conflict of interest, potential for harm

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unethical practice - harmful conflict of interest, potential for harm

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during the 1950's & 1960's in Montreal, the CIA conducted secret experiments under codename MK-ULTRA with the goal to control the mind. Human subjects were given a combination of hard drugs, electroshocks & induced comas in order to revert the mind back to its original state - they believed then they could rebuild the mind how they liked.

Kate

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In 2009, Aptuit noticed irregularities in data while conducting quality control procedures. An investigation took place which found Steven Eaton (an employee) had been falsifying results of experiments to make them appear successful from as early as 2003. Eaton had tampered with data from pre-clinical trials of an anti-cancer drug while working at the now-closed Edinburgh branch of US pharmaceutical company Aptuit. This caused ethical issues since Eaton could have caused cancer patients unquestionable harm. At the end of the investigation he was convicted of scientific fraud and was sentenced to three months in jail. He was the first person to serve time under the UK's Good Laboratory Practice Regulations, 1999.

By Emily

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Werner Bezwoda: The South African oncologist fabricated data in clinical trials of high-dose chemotherapy in breast cancer patients in the 1990s. Other researchers were unable to replicate his claimed high survival rates, leading to more scrutiny of his research. In 2001, Bezwoda admitted to inventing data related to more than 400 patients in studies published in major journals like the New England Journal of Medicine, leading medical journals to enact stricter review policies.

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The Stanford Prison Experiment (1971), led by psychologist Philip Zimbardo at Stanford University, aimed to explore the impact of power dynamics in a simulated prison environment. Male college students were randomly assigned to be either guards or prisoners. The experiment was cut short after six days due to the abusive behavior of the guards and the emotional breakdowns of prisoners.

Key ethical issues included lack of informed consent, psychological harm, dehumanization, and researcher bias.

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Monkey Drug trials of 1969. Schuster &Thompson

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Monkey Drug trials of 1969. Schuster &Thompson

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The monkey drug trials 1969 was where a big group of monkeys and rats were trained to inject themselves with drugs like alcohol, morphine, cocaine, and amphetamines. The outcome of this was the test subjects became violent ripping off their own limbs and attacking each other if the drugs were not accessible. Withdrawal led to death via shock.

University of Michigan.

Animal rights violations

wajeeha

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Dr. Lauretta Bender of Creedmore Hospital, in New York, electroshocked young children for most of the 1960s. She interviewed her patients by exerting a little pressure on a child's head in front of a large group. According to her, children who moved with pressure had early schizophrenia symptoms. She thought this rigorous therapy was innovative for socially ill people, and her peers said she never exhibited pity for the children in her care. Overall, Dr. Bender utilized shock therapy on over 100 children, the youngest being three.

Elena

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Francesca Gino

A Harvard Business School professor who was put on administrative leave after being accused of falsifying data in multiple studies. She had manipulated data to show that they had achieved a higher result than in actuality.

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1. Trial of a dietary intervention and trial for a drug intervention for cardiovascular disease. Results weren’t presented in data and some findings weren’t shown

2. London

3. Experimenter - Tom Marshall et al

4. Data fabrication and falsification

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What?

Lied about being a scholar to attain hundreds of thousands of dollars in grant money. Falsified data to try and prove his already disproven theory on cancer treatment, and get permission to carry out trials on patients. His published papers were retracted from various medical journals. He was sued by many patients for ill-performed chemotherapy.

Where?

Duke University

Who?

Dr Anil Potti and his patients

Ethical Issues?

medical malpractice. data falsification. lying to attain grant money

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unethical short covid treatment research 

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unethical short covid treatment research 

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drug used: ivermectin.

unethical because: no consent. patients were in critical states when t was tested.

not enough research due to the pressure and lack of time.

‘’The urgency of a pandemic is never an excuse for poorly designed studies, ethical misconduct, or the violation of human rights.’’

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carried out august 1971, in the basement of Jordan Hall, the standford prison experiment set out to examine the psychological effects of authority and powerlessness in a prison environment.

The study, led by psychology professor Philip G. Zimbardo, recruited Stanford students using a local newspaper ad. Twenty-four students were carefully screened and randomly assigned into groups of prisoners and guards.

The experiment, which was scheduled to last 1-2 weeks, ultimately had to be terminated on only the 6th day as the experiment escalated out of hand when the prisoners were forced to endure cruel and dehumanizing abuse at the hands of their peers.

The experiment showed, in Dr. Zimbardo’s words, how “ordinary college students could do terrible things.”

Zaina and Kerry

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Diederik Stapel, of Tillburg University, was found to have committed academic fraud in several publications. The fraud spans about a decade of work, including papers on racial stereotyping, advertisements, and the power of hypocrisy. Stapel’s work has been published not just in psychology journals and publications, but also in worldwide newspapers including The New York Times. Doctoral theses that Stapel oversaw have also been called into question, with interviews from former students and colleagues revealing that more than a dozen theses may no longer be valid, putting not only Stapel’s reputation, but also former students’ degrees at risk.

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it was a psychological experiment of prison life, what psychological effects it could have on a person being in prison.

This happened in the basement of Stanford university, psychology building.

Zimbardo used his male psychology students to participate and paid them £15.

Ethical issues.

Some of the guards that were chosen, their behaviour began to be dangerous and this resulted in the prisoners having psychological damage.

Also participants wanted to leave (the prisoners) but they were refused, despite being told that they could leave at any time.

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Harlow (1958) modified his experiment and separated the infants into two groups: the terrycloth mother which provided no food, or the wire mother which did.

All the monkeys drank equal amounts and grew physically at the same rate. But the similarities ended there. Monkeys who had soft, tactile contact with their terry cloth mothers behaved quite differently than monkeys whose mothers were made out of hard wire.

The behavioral differences that Harlow observed between the monkeys who had grown up with surrogate mothers and those with normal mothers were;

1. They were much more timid.

2. They didn’t know how to act with other monkeys.

3. They were easily bullied and wouldn’t stand up for themselves.

4. They had difficulty with mating.

5. The females were inadequate mothers.

ethical issues:

1) Emotional harm: monkeys reared in isolation and when the monkeys were placed with a normal monkey (reared by a mother), they sat huddled in a corner in a state of persistent fear and depression.

2) Cruelty and Suffering: The experiments involved exposing the monkeys to frightening stimuli to observe their reactions, which caused additional stress and fear. Isolation and deprivation was seen as necessarily cruel

By Autumn-Lily

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1- paper published on the placement of gold nanorods synthesized in solution on a surface, coming together at an angle

2 - Vancouver

3- Charles Zheng

4 - fabrication and falsification, photoshopped Nanorods onto the photo

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francesca Gino - Harvard business school professor who was put on administratice leave due to falsifying data in multiple studies

as a result, 5 of Gino's publications have been retracted

3 had been publications on the history of economic theories - retracted due to plagarism