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1. How can developing countries provide solutions for global challenges, such as food security?

2. How developed and developing countries can form partnership to mitigate global pandemic such as COVID-19?

Note: Both questions need to be answered. Each answer for the questions must not exceed 300 words.

Link of references:

Food Security Mind Map:

https://intelligence.weforum.org/topics/a1Gb0000000pTDPEA2

Developed and Developing Countries Mind Map

https://intelligence.weforum.org/collection/c879216c-32b9-4498-ae97-4e3c2d8d1e0e

SDGs Mind Map:

https://intelligence.weforum.org/collection/a64a32e0-83b1-4bf7-b9d4-532e22f887f4

Name List of Group Members (3-4)

Tutorial Slot

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1. Developing countries can address global food security challenges by prioritizing agricultural innovation, infrastructure development, and education for farmers. Implementing tailored farming techniques, investing in rural infrastructure, and providing training on modern practices can increase productivity and market access. Supporting smallholder farmers through credit and market linkages is crucial. Additionally, investing in research for resilient crops and implementing supportive policies while fostering international collaborations can further bolster food security efforts. By focusing on these strategies, these countries not only enhance their own food security but also contribute significantly to global efforts for sustainable and equitable access to food.

2. Developing country like Indonesia can form partnerships to mitigate global pandemics such as COVID-19 by collaborating with other countries and international organizations. For example, the United States and Indonesia collaborate to strengthen health systems and increase Indonesia's self-reliance in preventing, detecting, and responding to pandemics. The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is also working with the Government of Indonesia to support the country's response to COVID-19, including strengthening health systems and addressing the socio-economic impact of the pandemic. Indonesia can also participate in multilateral engagements to promote COVID-19 responses, such as the G20 leaders' commitment to inject $5 trillion into the global economy. Additionally, Indonesia can track global changes sparked by the COVID-19 pandemic and adjust economic strategies to seize opportunities. By forming partnerships and collaborating with other countries and organizations, Indonesia can better mitigate the impact of global pandemics such as COVID-19. Developed country such as England can form partnerships to mitigate COVID-19 by collaborating with other countries and international organizations. For example, the UK and the US have agreed on a new landmark partnership between the UK Health Security Agency and the US National Centre for Epidemic Forecasting and Outbreak Analysis, run by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, to turbocharge efforts to combat global pandemics and emerging health threats. the response to COVID-19 saw communities mobilize themselves to support family, friends, and neighbors, including those self-isolating, and to encourage vaccine take-up.

1. Maahendar Sivapragash (161842)

2. Srivashinee Perampalam (164445)

3. Prisshan Nathan (165105)

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How can developing countries provide solutions for global challenges such as food security? 

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How can developing countries provide solutions for global challenges such as food security? 

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Developing countries can use lot's of strategies such as the stability of prices for necessities, increasing national food production based on smallholder agriculture, and supporting small farmers with seed assistance, labor-intensive programs, equipping and infrastructure in rural areas, predictable trading systems, by making the international food system more efficient, and trade policies on export and import restrictions. Literature on economic development and policy studies has focused on evaluating specific outcomes from food security policies, nevertheless, is necessary a wider perspective since macroeconomic factors, such as poverty, unemployment and balance trade, play a strong role in the improvement of food security. However it is necessary to identify the details of their food balance performance along this time, considering not only the value trade, but the quantity of the production, and analyzing them with the level of domestic food production. Food insecurity often rooted in poverty decreases the ability of countries to develop their agricultural markets and economies. Access to quality, nutritious food is fundamental to human existence. Secure access to food can produce wide ranging positive impacts, including the economic growth and job creation,

Poverty reduction, Trade opportunities

Increased global security,stability

Improved health and healthcare.

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RHEMA SENG (165179)
PUN MEI CHEE (162807)
JIA SHUYUE (160624)
WANG XIAXIN (160668)

1. How can developing countries provide solutions for global challenges, such as food security?

Despite being small and young, Malaysia was known for its own way of coping COVID-19 pandemic exceptionally well. Malaysia was one of the first countries to respond to the COVID-19 outbreak, aiming to minimize economic and health impacts. Unlike many other countries, Malaysia has assured its people with consistent food security & affordability throughout the pandemic.

Firstly, The Food Bank Malaysia (PFBM) program has been introduced as one of the ‘Inisiatif Peduli Rakyat’ program by the Ministry of Domestic Trade and Cost of Living (KPDN) to help the less fortunate to get food which can indirectly reduce the cost of living.

Secondly, Malaysia implemented price controls as a measure to mitigate the impact of high food prices on its population and ensure food security. Price controls are regulatory mechanisms used by governments to set maximum prices for essential goods, including food, to prevent excessive price increases and protect consumers from inflationary pressures. The government "through subsidies and other assistance" ensures that people can buy food and necessities at prices they can afford. By imposing price controls, Malaysia aims to stabilize food prices and make basic foodstuffs more affordable.

Lastly, Malaysia offers solutions to strengthen food storage and distribution systems to ensure food security. This involves implementing solutions to address challenges in supply chains and improve food availability and accessibility for people. For example, Malaysia uses advanced technologies and systems to enable efficient transportation, tracking and monitoring of food throughout the supply chain. This helps reduce food losses, improve inventory management and ensure timely delivery.

In times of hardship, a country like ours works especially well together in making our society sustainable. The consistent existence of nationwide food banks in Malaysia during pandemic has assured the people of having enough for the upcoming, and proven the unity of our nation.

2. Globally, the spread of the new coronavirus poses a great challenge to both developed and developing countries. In order to effectively address this global crisis, developed and developing countries need to work together and cooperate closely.

For example, developed countries can provide technical support and medical resources to help developing countries strengthen their epidemic prevention and control and medical systems. At the same time, by sharing scientific research results and experience, both sides can accelerate vaccine development and production to ensure global vaccine coverage.

Developed nations, with their advanced healthcare systems and financial capabilities, play a pivotal role in assisting their developing counterparts. Financial aid and the provision of medical supplies are immediate and tangible forms of support. For instance, during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, countries like the United States and European nations contributed funds and medical equipment to aid developing countries in strengthening their healthcare infrastructures.

In summary, it is only through collaboration between developed and developing countries that we can more effectively respond to the challenges posed by the new coronavirus. This global solidarity and cooperation has not only helped to contain the current outbreak, but has also laid a solid foundation for future cooperation in similar crises.

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-NORSHUHAIZA SHAHARAN (161998)

-NURUL SYAKIRAH ANI (162041)

-KANNIGGA RAJAN (164550)

Q1: Introduction: Faced with growing global challenges such as food security, developing countries, often classified as “third world” countries, are playing a central to the development of sustainable solutions. By focusing on key areas such as sustainable agriculture, this countries can make a significant contribution to the global effort to secure food supplies.

Developing countries, typically countries like Indonesia, can improve food security by adopting sustainable agricultural practices. Indonesia has made progress in promoting organic agriculture, agroforestry and effective water management practices. Through initiatives such as integrated pest management, the country strives to balance agricultural productivity with environmental sustainability, contributing to global efforts to mitigate climate change and preserve environmental sustainability.

Next, third world countries, including Indonesia, could build cooperative partnerships with international organizations and other countries. Indonesia's participation in knowledge sharing and collaborative initiatives demonstrates the potential for effective international cooperation. By sharing best practices and resources, these countries can work together to address global food security challenges and contribute to sustainable solutions.

Conclusion: Third world countries, with Indonesia as a notable example, play an important role in responding to global challenges such as food security. This country can ensure their food sovereignty while making a significant contribution to the broader goal of achieving global food security. As we operate in an increasingly interconnected world, empowering developing countries, including Indonesia, becomes imperative for the prosperity of the entire planet.

Q2: Through different collaborative initiatives, developed and developing nations can build partnerships to combat global pandemics such as COVID-19. To begin, it is critical to share resources and knowledge. Developed countries may help developing countries' healthcare systems by providing financial assistance, medical supplies, and modern medical technology. Funding for vaccination distribution, testing kits, personal protective equipment, and medical infrastructure can all be included. Furthermore, wealthy countries can provide training and knowledge transfer to healthcare experts in poorer countries in order to improve their capacity to respond to the pandemic.

Second, joint research and development is required. Countries can advance the development of COVID-19 therapies and vaccines by collaborating. This might include cooperative funding in research efforts, data exchange, and clinical trial coordination. Partnerships between pharmaceutical firms from developed and poor countries can also help with vaccine manufacture and distribution on a worldwide scale.

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Ng Wee Soom

Khor Yong Sheng

Ahmad Imran

1. how can developing countries provide solutions for global challenges, such as food security?

As our world faces big problems like not having enough food for many people, developing countries can actually help find solutions. With over 820 million people going hungry, it's crucial to look at smart ideas coming from these nations.

Developing countries can make a big difference by using smarter ways to farm. Things like eco-friendly farming and using technology to grow better crops help farmers cope with climate changes. Also, working together globally on research and sharing what works can make a stronger team effort to fight hunger.

Encouraging local ways of producing food in developing countries makes them stronger and less reliant on getting food from far away. This not only helps with food security but also helps local businesses.

In conclusion, developing countries can solve global food problems by using better farming methods, sharing knowledge, and promoting local food systems.

2. How developed and developing countries can form partnership to mitigate global pandemic such as Covid-19?

The COVID-19 pandemic shows how important it is for rich and poor countries to work together when there's a big health crisis. Since the virus doesn't care about borders, it's vital that all countries join forces to deal with it and prevent future pandemics.

Everyone needs to pitch in money and expertise to quickly create and share vaccines and treatments. By teaming up on research, countries can speed up finding solutions. Having a system that warns everyone early about health dangers helps everyone get ready faster.

Rich countries can support poorer ones by giving money and helping them get the tools they need to improve their health systems. This way, everyone has a fair chance to fight a pandemic.

In conclusion, by working together on research, helping each other out, and making sure everyone has what they need, countries can be better prepared to handle global health crises like COVID-19.

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1.How can developing countries provide solutions for global challenges, such as food security?

Developing countries play a key role in addressing global challenges such as food security through innovative strategies.First and foremost, developed countries must invest in research and technology. Developing countries can collaborate on agricultural research and share insights to improve crop yields and resilience to climate change.For example, Malaysia has been achieved in sustainable palm oil production. This situation demonstrating the potential for efficient land use and

environmentally friendly practices in Malaysia to stand with sustaibability development. Hence, this sets an example for other developing countries seeking to balance agricultural productivity with ecological considerations.

Next, developing countries can benefit from adopting technology from developed nations to address food security challenges. This may include advanced machine, precision farming technologies, and innovative irrigation systems.In this case, thr collaborative efforts for technology transfer and knowledge exchange can accelerate progress in sustainable farming practices and ultimately improving food production. For instance, Malaysia has partnered with the Netherlands for precision farming initiatives. Dutch expertise in greenhouse technology and sustainable agriculture has been transferred to Malaysia, aiding local farmers in adopting innovative practices. This collaboration aims to enhance crop yields, optimize resource usage, and contribute to Malaysia's food security efforts.

2.How developed and developing countries can form partnership to mitigate global pandemic such as COVID-19?

-Developed and developing countries can form partnerships to mitigate global pandemics like COVID-19 by sharing scientific knowledge, collaborating on research and vaccine development, and establishing a coordinated response framework. Developed nations can also provide financial and technical support, while developing countries can contribute valuable on-the-ground insights and resources. Additionally, a fair distribution of vaccines and medical supplies, along with capacity-building initiatives, helps ensure a more equitable global response to pandemics. International cooperation through organizations like the World Health Organization plays a crucial role in fostering such partnerships. To cite an example, governments from developed and developing countries can collaborate on various fronts to address global health challenges. They can share information on emerging infectious diseases, develop rapid diagnostic tests, conduct joint clinical trials, coordinate vaccine distribution, and aid healthcare infrastructure development in developing nations. Besides that, non-governmental level, partnerships can focus on sharing best practices for public health education, training healthcare workers, supporting community-based health initiatives, conducting infectious disease research, and advocating for policies that enhance global health security. These combined efforts contribute to a more comprehensive and effective response to health crises.

Furthermore, the private sector level can collaboration between developed and developing countries can drive efforts to address global health challenges. This involves jointly developing and manufacturing vaccines and treatments, sharing technology and expertise, investing in research and development, supporting healthcare infrastructure, and providing financial assistance to developing nations. Several partnerships exemplify this cooperative approach. The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (GFATM) has raised over $50 billion, uniting governments, civil society, the private sector, and affected communities in the fight against these diseases. Additionally, the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) is a global initiative accelerating vaccine development for emerging infectious diseases, having invested in vaccines for Ebola and COVID-19. These collaborations showcase effective models for addressing global health crises through private sector engagement.

LIM XIAO QING 162171

LIM SZE YING 161897

LEE JIA YIN 161308

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Group members

1) Lee Boon Chin

2) Mah Tze Chi

3) Goh Xin Rui

4) Lam Bao Ying

1) Malaysia, as a developing country, holds several solutions to addressing global food security challenges through its unique blend of agricultural potential, technological advancements, and strategic policies.

Firstly, Malaysia can contribute to global food security through its sustainable agriculture. The country has made strides in implementing agroecological practices, diversifying crops, and utilizing advanced farming techniques. These practices, especially in tropical agriculture, may benefit the nations in facing similar agro-climatic conditions. By promoting sustainable methods and crop diversity, Malaysia can provide more valuable insights while preserving ecosystems and essential for long-term global food security.

Then, Malaysia’s advancement in agricultural technology gives an opportunity for global impact. The country embraces innovation in agriculture, incorporating smart farming, precision agriculture, and biotechnology. In optimizing land use, water management, and pest control, can improve productivity in other developing countries. Collaboration in research and technology between the countries transfer initiatives would further bolster global efforts to overcome food insecurity issues.

Furthermore, Malaysia’s strategic policies and initiatives with purpose rural development and smallholder empowerment can serve as a model for inclusive agricultural growth. Programs supporting small-scale farmers, can provide access to credit, education, and resources, have contributed to rural development and improved livelihoods. Encouraging similar policies and capacity-building programs in other regions could empower local farmers and enhance their contribution to global food production.

Lastly, Malaysia's position as a regional agricultural hub allows for enhanced collaboration and knowledge exchange within Southeast Asia and beyond. Engaging in partnerships with neighboring countries and international organizations fosters a platform for shared learning, research collaboration, and joint initiatives tackling food security challenges on a broader scale.

In conclusion, Malaysia, through its experiences in sustainable agriculture, technological advancements, inclusive policies, and regional collaboration, holds the potential to contribute significantly to global food security. By sharing expertise, fostering partnerships, and advocating for sustainable practices, Malaysia can play a pivotal role in addressing the pressing challenges of food security on a global scale.

2) Partnership between developed and developing countries, such as Japan and Malaysia, in mitigating global pandemics like COVID-19 can be crucial in ensuring an effective response.

Firstly, Japan can help Malaysia vaccine access and distribution. Japan can work with Malaysia to ensure equitable access to COVID-19 vaccines. This can involve sharing vaccine doses, providing logistical support for vaccine distribution, and collaborating on efforts to increase vaccine production capacity in Malaysia. Next is raising public health education and awareness.Both countries can collaborate on public health education and awareness campaigns to promote measures such as vaccination, mask-wearing, and social distancing. This can help ensure that accurate and timely information is reaching the population in both countries. By cooperating in these areas and leveraging each other's strengths, Japan and Malaysia can form a strong partnership to effectively mitigate the impact of global pandemics like COVID-19.

This collaboration can also serve as a model for other countries to follow, promoting global solidarity and a coordinated response to public health emergencies.

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LEONG CHEW YEE 162582

IQLIMA NATASHA 161117

1. While the argument mentions that developing countries in Asia can improve food availability, stability, and quality through policies and strategies, it would be helpful to provide specific examples of what these policies and strategies could entail. This would make the argument more concrete and provide a clearer roadmap for how developing countries can contribute to global food security.

Developing countries in Asia can implement a range of policies and strategies to improve food availability, stability, and quality. For instance, they can invest in agricultural research and development to increase crop yields and improve the resilience of crops to pests and diseases. They can also promote sustainable farming practices, such as organic farming or agroecology, to reduce the reliance on chemical inputs and protect soil health. Furthermore, developing countries can strengthen their agricultural extension services to provide small farmers with the necessary knowledge and skills to adopt improved farming techniques and technologies.

2. Developed countries can collaborate with developing nations to combat global pandemics like COVID-19 through sharing crucial resources. Financial aid, medical supplies, and advanced technology can be provided to strengthen healthcare infrastructure in developing regions. Ensuring equitable access to vaccines is paramount, with developed nations supporting vaccine production, distribution, and sharing intellectual property. Knowledge transfer between scientists and healthcare professionals fosters a collective understanding of the virus and effective response strategies. Collaborative efforts through international organizations, emergency response coordination, and debt relief can further enhance the joint response.

On the other hand, developing countries can contribute to the partnership by actively participating in research and development initiatives. They can strengthen their healthcare systems through capacity building, including training healthcare workers and improving diagnostic capabilities. Public health education campaigns can be jointly implemented to disseminate accurate information and combat misinformation. Developing nations can align their policies with developed countries on travel restrictions, quarantine measures, and information sharing to ensure a cohesive and coordinated global response to the pandemic. Together, developed and developing countries can form a united front against the challenges posed by global pandemics.

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Ng Weng Ni 162681

Lam Yik Yik 161485

Che Jia Yi 162365

Chen Ke En 162573

1. How can developing countries provide solutions for global challenges, such as food security?

Generally, Malaysia is still considered a developing nation. That said, in the WESP's economies by per capita GNI (gross national income) table, Malaysia is listed as an upper-middle-income country. After the Asian financial crisis of 1997-1998, Malaysia's economy has been on an upward trajectory, averaging growth of 5.4% since 2010, and is expected to achieve its transition from an upper middle-income economy to a high-income economy by 2024.Hence ,Malaysia provide free education to young generation is one of the best solutions to solve the challenges . Globally speaking, even the most basic education – reading, writing and arithmetic – can open doors for children that would otherwise be locked tight. But it’s more than that.

Many experts say that the cycle of poverty simply can’t be broken unless children receive education. While some parents may have to bear the total cost of schooling, some poorer parents may have gotten financial assistance through educational support programmes such as subsidies, scholarships, text books-on-loan and hostel facilities. Education is vital to one’s life and well-being, however since education isn’t free so many kids around the world can’t take advantage of it simply because of their economic status. When people become educated, it allows them to develop different perspectives and would not only see an improvement in their life, but in society as a whole. So, the global challenge will be settled easily and completely.

2. How developed and developing countries can form partnership to mitigate global pandemic such as
COVID-19?

To forge a successful partnership, countries should help each other when facing challenges, especially among developed and developing country., In early 2020, Malaysia had faced several challenges during covid 19 pandemic. The pandemic highlighted the interconnectedness of countries and the urgent need for developed country such as China‘ effort to address such challenges.

First and foremost, China can offer financial support, advanced medical equipment, and research capabilities, while Malaysia can contribute by providing local insights, manpower, and regional strategies. In the case of Malaysia and China, they can exchange information on containment measures, vaccine distribution, and possibly collaborate on vaccine production or technology transfer to enhance access in the region. Cooperation in research, funding, and distribution networks can significantly aid in mitigating the impact of global pandemics like COVID-19.

In addition, The pandemic precipitated an increasing reliance on digitalisation, further strengthening Malaysia's engagement with Chinese tech firms. Prior to the COVID-19 outbreak, Malaysia had welcomed Chinese investment in digital technology and the potential knowledge transfer such collaborations offered.Footnote10 These resonate with the government's development policies which aspire towards a ‘digitally-enabled and technology-driven high-income’ economy as a means of providing the country a competitive edge in the rising competition from neighbouring Southeast Asian countries for foreign investment.Footnote11 Chinese companies have collaborated with Malaysian partners in: cloud computing; equipping locals with skills in using artificial intelligence and big data; and setting up an AI park valued at USD1 billion to develop AI-related public service infrastructure.Footnote12 Alibaba's ‘City Brain’ technology for smart cities has also been adopted.Footnote13

In conclusion, partnerships between developed and developing countries are fundamental in mitigating global pandemics like COVID-19 to create a harmony worldwide.

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1. TOBY HEAH KE TIAN 163062

2. WENDY NG WEN YEE 161084

3. WONG SUET YING 161658

Developing countries can provide solutions for global challenges such as food security by leveraging their unique strengths and addressing specific needs. Some ways they can contribute include agricultural innovation, international collaboration, and addressing their unique challenges. For instance, Ethiopia has made significant progress in reducing hunger and malnutrition through government policies and international aid, implementing programs to improve agricultural productivity and increase access to credit and markets for small farmers, leading to a reduction in undernourishment.

Partnerships between developed and developing countries are crucial for mitigating global pandemics such as COVID-19. This can involve resource mobilization, knowledge exchange, and multilateral cooperation. Developed countries can provide financial and technical assistance to support developing nations in strengthening their healthcare systems, vaccine distribution, and pandemic response. Both developed and developing countries can engage in knowledge exchange and capacity-building initiatives, with developed countries sharing expertise in vaccine development and healthcare infrastructure, while developing countries contribute valuable insights based on their experiences in managing infectious diseases.

In conclusion, developing countries can contribute to addressing global challenges such as food security by leveraging their unique strengths and addressing their specific needs. Additionally, partnerships between developed and developing countries are crucial for mitigating global pandemics, as they enable the pooling of resources, expertise, and efforts to combat health crises effectively.

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1. Ong Yu Fan (161890)

2. Tan Yan Ni (160862)

3. Tan Yoc Ning (162669)

1. How can developing countries provide solutions for global challenges, such as food security?

Food security is a crucial topic nowadays, especially in Malaysia. In Malaysia, a nationwide survey conducted in 2019 revealed a rising trend in obesity prevalence, increasing from 15.1% in 2011, to 17.7%, and finally to 19.9% in 2019. Development countries have the responsibility to provide solutions for this global challenges. We will discuss about the solutions in the following paragraphs.

Firstly, the new generations did not know the significance of agricultural impacts on the food security. This is because of the lack of expertise to study on the standard of food security. Developing country should put emphasis on improving agricultural education and technology training in order to increase food quality.

Secondly, developing country should ensure the nutrition grade of imported food products. For example, Singapore as a highly developed country, apply the nutri-grade labelling and advertising prohibition measures for beverages sold in Singapore in pre-packaged form and from non-customisable automated beverage dispensers have come into effect on 30 December 2022. Malaysia should learn this strategy from Singapore to overcome the challenges.

In conclusion, developing countries play a very crucial role in addressing the global challenge of food security.

2. How developed and developing countries

Developed and developing countries can collaboratively alleviate global pandemics by implementing comprehensive measure to enhance global public health.

Firstly, international cooperation should be strengthened by establishing effective information-sharing mechanisms to swiftly detect and respond to potential pandemic threats. This involves reinforcing disease surveillance networks, sharing scientific research findings, and supporting the work of organisations such as the World Health Organisation (WHO).

Secondly, education and awareness campaigns are also crucial in mitiging international pandemics. Promoting basic hygiene knowledge, encouraging vaccination, and advocating good sanitary practice can lower the risk of disease transmission. In this process, developed countries can share successful public health experiences, offering support and guidance to developing nations.

In conclusion, through collaboration, education, awareness campaigns, and information sharing, developed and developing countries can work together to alleviate the impact of global pandemics, making a more significant contribution to global public health.

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TUTORIAL 3-4
NURAZIELA BINTI MOHD AZMAN 165096
NASHA QISTINA IWANI BINTI MOHD NAZARI 162124
SITI MARDIANA AINI BINTI MUSTAPAR 165171

Q1: A large portion of the world population is experiencing a cost-of-living crisis, which has major consequences for food security. Even before Russia invaded Ukraine, a crucial source of grains and other necessities, the Covid-19 pandemic was taking a terrible toll on the ability of the world's poorest people to buy food and prevent hunger.

India can address food security challenges through a multifaceted approach. Firstly, investing in sustainable agriculture practices, such as precision farming and organic methods, can enhance crop yield while preserving the environment. Secondly, promoting research and development in drought-resistant crops and advanced irrigation systems can mitigate the impact of erratic weather patterns. Additionally, improving rural infrastructure and providing farmers with access to credit and education can enhance their productivity and income. Leveraging technology, like mobile apps for market information and agricultural advice, can empower farmers. Lastly, implementing effective food distribution systems and reducing post-harvest losses through better storage facilities will ensure that the produced food reaches those in need. By combining these strategies, India can pave the way towards long-term food security and sustainable agricultural development.

Q2: The World Bank has a long-standing relationship in Malaysia since its independence. Our partnership has evolved from development financing from the 1950s to the 1990s to leveraging the Bank's knowledge and research in it's current form of collaboration. In 2015, the Government invited the World Bank to open an office in Kuala Lumpur with a 5-year partnership under the Office Support Agreement (OSA) focused on disseminating Malaysia’s development experiences and policy innovations for the benefit of other countries; conducting original economic research; and sharing global experience and expertise in support of Malaysia’s development priorities

The World Bank and Malaysia can forge a collaborative partnership to effectively combat global pandemics like COVID-19. Initially, the World Bank can offer financial support to Malaysia for strengthening its healthcare infrastructure, procuring vaccines, and implementing widespread testing and contact tracing initiatives. Collaborative research projects between the World Bank and Malaysian institutions can facilitate the development of innovative solutions. The World Bank's expertise in policy formulation can aid Malaysia in creating and implementing robust public health policies. Moreover, joint efforts in promoting vaccine equity, ensuring fair distribution, and enhancing vaccination coverage globally would be essential. By combining resources, knowledge, and strategic planning, the World Bank and Malaysia can establish a model partnership that not only addresses immediate pandemic challenges but also contributes to global health resilience in the long run.

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Syasha Adlyna (165137)

Nurul Hanani (165034)

Nur Syaliza (165162)

Nur Ainun Rahmah (165165)

1- How can developing countries provide solutions for global challenges, such as food security?

Developing countries play a crucial role in addressing global food security challenges. By implementing effective strategies, they can contribute to ensuring sufficient, safe, and healthy food for everyone.

One of the strategies that has been done by developing countries is to rapidly and adequately support people vulnerable to food insecurity through humanitarian assistance and effective domestic fiscal measures. These measures are essential for protecting the most vulnerable populations, fighting inflation, and mitigating the cost-of-living crisis, thereby reducing the impact of food insecurity on the most marginalized communities. By prioritizing support for vulnerable populations, developing countries can address the immediate humanitarian impact of food insecurity, laying the groundwork for long-term food security and stability.

Another one is reducing food waste, enhancing infrastructure, and promoting more efficient production techniques. Enhancing infrastructure, such as transportation and storage facilities, can improve the efficiency of the food supply chain, reduce food loss, and improve food security. Promoting more efficient production techniques, such as crop diversification and the use of improved seeds and fertilizers, can increase agricultural productivity and improve food security. These measures can help ensure that food is produced and distributed more efficiently, reducing the amount of food that is lost or wasted and increasing the availability of food for those who need it most.

In conclusion, developing countries can address global food security challenges by prioritizing support for vulnerable populations through humanitarian assistance, implementing domestic fiscal measures, and adopting strategies like reducing food waste and enhancing infrastructure. These efforts contribute to immediate relief, long-term stability, and increased efficiency in food production and distribution. Simply put, a multi-faceted approach is needed to ensure sufficient, safe, and healthy food for everyone.

2- How developed and developing countries can form partnerships to mitigate global pandemic, such as COVID-19?

Effective mitigation methods for global pandemics like COVID-19 depend on cooperation between industrialised and developing nations. A number of important strategies, such as resource sharing, technology transfer, capacity building, and international cooperation, can be used to promote this partnership. Firstly, wealthy countries have a crucial role to play in helping their developing counterparts by lending them money and resources. This assistance can be used to promote immunisation campaigns, purchase medical supplies, and improve the infrastructure of the healthcare system. Industrialised nations can help build a more robust global health system by pooling their economic might.

Effective mitigation methods for global pandemics like COVID-19 depend on cooperation between industrialised and developing nations. There are numerous important ways to promote this collaboration, such as resource sharing, technology transfer, and capacity building. Transferring technology is also a crucial component of teamwork. Research results, scientific information, and technological advancements can be shared by developed countries with underdeveloped ones. Through this transfer, important medical discoveries can be distributed more fairly and more quickly in the form of medications, vaccinations, and diagnostic tools. Building capacity is yet another essential component of creating successful alliances. Developed countries can help developing nations improve their healthcare systems by funding the construction of efficient monitoring systems, training healthcare personnel, and improving public health infrastructure in general. This cooperative strategy makes sure that countries are better prepared to respond to pandemics on their own in the future by fostering sustainable capacities. In order to present a united front against challenges to global health, international cooperation is essential.

To sum up, collaboration between industrialised and developing nations is crucial to reducing the impact of worldwide pandemics like COVID-19. The construction of a more adaptable and robust global health infrastructure can be accomplished by states working together through resource sharing, technology transfer, capacity building, and international cooperation.

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Iman Daniel (162863)

Shamirul (161472)

Atif (162001)

1. Developing countries often face challenges in infrastructure, education, healthcare, and technology adoption. Global challenges confronting both developed and developing nations include climate change, poverty, infectious diseases, economic inequality, and geopolitical tensions. However, they also possess significant potential for growth, innovation, and positive change.

Developing countries can address food security by promoting agroecology, which involves sustainable farming practices like crop diversification and organic farming. For example, smallholder farmers in Kenya have adopted conservation agriculture, reducing soil erosion and enhancing water retention. Investing in technology, like mobile apps for market information, can empower farmers, while regional partnerships can facilitate knowledge exchange and resource sharing, contributing to global food security efforts

Next was Ethiopia has invested in watershed management projects to conserve water resources, prevent soil erosion, and enhance agricultural productivity. This has contributed to more reliable water availability for farming.

In conclusion is the intersection of global challenges and developing countries underscores the imperative for international cooperation and sustainable future for all.

2. Partnerships between developed and developing countries play a crucial role in addressing global challenges. Developed nations can contribute financial resources, technology, and expertise to support development initiatives in less affluent regions. Collaborative efforts can enhance trade, technology transfer, and knowledge exchange, fostering mutual growth.

Developed countries like the United States can provide financial assistance to developing countries like India to strengthen their healthcare systems, procure essential medical equipment and supplies, and support vaccination campaigns. This could involve direct funding, low-interest loans, or grants through international organizations like the World Health Organization (WHO) or the World Bank.

United States, with its advanced research infrastructure and expertise in infectious diseases, could share knowledge and technology with India to improve its diagnostic capabilities, vaccine development, and public health surveillance systems. This could involve providing access to scientific data, training Indian scientists and healthcare workers, and facilitating technology transfer.

In conclusion, by sharing knowledge, resources, and expertise, these countries can strengthen global health security and protect the health and well-being of their citizens around the world.

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1. Eng Zhao Ying 161794

2. Kiew Jia Ying 161186

3. Heng Lok Ni 161527

4. Tan Xin Yi 161454

Q1: Developing countries play a crucial role in providing solutions to global challenges, and one of the issues is food security. Addressing various factors, including policy changes, increased production, and regional cooperation, can pave the way for sustainable solutions. Policy changes are paramount, with a focus on fighting inflation and protecting vulnerable populations to alleviate the cost-of-living crisis. Additionally, prioritizing trade financing and reinforcing supply chains can mitigate the impact of current food price shocks.

Increased food production and improved distribution are key components in ensuring food security. Access to fertilizers, crop diversification, and trade financing are instrumental in boosting production and enhancing distribution. Specialized institutions like the World Food Programme and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations provide crucial support in this area.

Malawi, a successful example of a country implementing solutions to improve food security. Their agricultural development program focused on increasing yields, raising incomes, and enhancing crop resilience to drought. By overhauling farm management practices, improving food marketing, and building resilience to climate change, Malawi's program has contributed significantly to achieving food security and economic growth.

In conclusion, implementing these comprehensive solutions empowers developing countries to contribute significantly to global efforts in achieving food security while addressing challenges like climate change and economic instability. The success story of Malawi underscores the potential of targeted interventions and strategic partnerships in overcoming food security challenges.

Q2: Developed and developing countries can form partnerships to mitigate global pandemics like COVID-19 through collaborative efforts in various areas. This includes sharing scientific research and data, providing financial and technical support to less-resourced nations, ensuring equitable access to vaccines and medical resources, and coordinating international responses through organizations like the World Health Organization (WHO). For example, Developed countries, like the United States or Germany, can partner with developing nations, such as India or Brazil, to mitigate global pandemics. They can collaborate on various fronts:

1. **Vaccine Distribution**: Developed countries can support developing nations in vaccine distribution, ensuring equitable access to vaccines and vaccination programs.

2. **Technology Transfer**: Sharing technology and manufacturing capabilities for vaccine production can enhance the global capacity to produce and distribute vaccines efficiently.

3. **Healthcare Infrastructure**: Developed nations can assist in strengthening healthcare infrastructure in developing countries, including providing medical equipment, training healthcare professionals, and improving healthcare facilities.

Such partnerships foster a more inclusive and comprehensive approach to tackling global health challenges, recognizing that the impact of pandemics extends beyond borders and requires collective action.

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Question 1

Amidst the intricate tapestry of global challenges, developing countries emerge as reservoirs of innovation, offering vital solutions to issues like food security. The complexities of these nations, often characterized by resource constraints, propel them to devise resilient strategies. As the world grapples with the intricate task of nourishing a growing population, the unique perspectives and approaches emanating from developing countries become indispensable in the global discourse.

Developing countries address food security through the cultivation of localized agricultural practices, embracing sustainable methods tailored to their ecosystems. Take, for instance, the case of Vietnam, which has championed rice production. The introduction of the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) significantly boosted yields, demonstrating that innovative farming techniques, adapted to local conditions, can substantially enhance productivity. This emphasizes the importance of tailoring agricultural practices to specific contexts for optimal outcomes.

Moreover, technology plays a pivotal role in transforming food security landscapes. Mobile applications that provide farmers with real-time weather updates and market information empower them to make informed decisions. In India, platforms like "Kisan Suvidha" have empowered farmers with knowledge, fostering resilience and improving overall agricultural productivity. This showcases how leveraging technology can enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of agricultural practices in developing nations.

Developing countries also contribute to global food security by emphasizing sustainable and diverse agricultural practices. Ethiopia provides a compelling example by promoting traditional crops like teff, a resilient ancient grain. This not only forms a staple in Ethiopian diets but also underscores the importance of embracing indigenous crops to fortify food systems against climate uncertainties. The emphasis on agricultural diversity becomes a cornerstone for resilience in the face of evolving challenges.

In conclusion, developing countries serve as crucibles for inventive solutions to global challenges, particularly in the realm of food security. The experiences of nations like Vietnam and India underscore the importance of adapting strategies to local contexts, leveraging technology, and promoting agricultural diversity. As the world seeks comprehensive approaches to ensure sustenance for all, these insights from developing nations stand as invaluable contributions to the collective effort in shaping a secure and sustainable global food future.

Q2

In the face of global pandemics like COVID-19, developing countries can forge impactful partnerships to mitigate the impact and enhance their resilience. The urgency of such collaborations stems from the interconnected nature of health crises, where the well-being of any nation affects the global community. As we navigate the complexities of pandemics, developing countries, often grappling with limited resources, find strength in alliances that transcend borders.

Developing countries can form partnerships by fostering international collaborations on research and vaccine development. For instance, India's collaboration with global pharmaceutical companies and organizations played a pivotal role in producing and distributing COVID-19 vaccines at an unprecedented scale. This highlights the significance of shared research efforts and equitable access to medical advancements in tackling pandemics.

Furthermore, resource-sharing alliances prove crucial in addressing healthcare infrastructure gaps. Countries like South Africa, through collaborations with international organizations and donor nations, bolstered their healthcare capacity during the pandemic. This emphasizes the importance of mutual support in fortifying the healthcare systems of developing nations, enabling them to respond effectively to crises.

Moreover, information-sharing networks enhance preparedness and response capabilities. Developing countries can establish partnerships for the exchange of real-time data and expertise. For instance, the African Union's Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention facilitates collaboration among African nations, enabling them to collectively respond to health emergencies by sharing information and resources.

In conclusion, developing countries can navigate global pandemics like COVID-19 through strategic partnerships that foster research, resource-sharing, and information exchange. Examples from nations like India and South Africa underscore the tangible benefits of collaborative efforts. As the world confronts future health crises, the imperative for unity among nations, irrespective of economic standing, remains paramount for a resilient and coordinated global response.

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1. Food security refers to the availability, access, utilization, and stability of food for all individuals, ensuring that they have access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and preferences.

The global challenge of food security stems from the fact that millions of people around the world still suffer from hunger and malnutrition.

Malaysia is one of the developing country

that can provide solutions for global challenges including food security such as

promoting agricultural innovation.

First of all, Malaysia can do invest in research and development to enhance agricultural productivity and promote sustainable farming practices. For example, Malaysia should encouraged the adoption of organic farming practices to improve soil health, reduce pesticide use, and promote food safety. The government has provided support for farmers to transition to organic farming, offering training programs and certification services. This has helped improve the quality of domestic produce and demand for organic food both locally and internationally.

Secondly, Malaysia also should improving infrastructure and logistics. Roads, transportation networks, and storage facilities, can reduce post-harvest losses and connect remote farming communities to markets. Efficient logistics can help ensure timely and cost-effective distribution of agricultural produce, reducing food waste and ensuring availability in both rural and urban areas. For instance, Malaysia can invested in the development of agricultural logistics hubs strategically located near major production areas. These hubs serve as centralized centers for processing, packaging, and distribution of agricultural products.

An efficient logistics can help ensure timely and cost-effective distribution of agricultural produce, reducing food waste and ensuring availability in both rural and urban areas.

In conclusion, these agriculture solutions demonstrate that Malaysia is taking proactive steps to address global challenges, such as food security, by adopting innovative approaches and promoting sustainable farming practices that benefit farmers, consumers, and the environment.

2. The deadly effects of the Ebola virus in Africa serve as a reminder of the threat posed by pandemics and the need for developed and developing countries to work together. The need for a coordinated effort becomes critical because the virus has no geographical boundaries. Introduction:

Developing a resilient response to such global health emergencies requires investigating how these opposite economies might combine resources and expertise.

Developed countries can primarily provide financial assistance to bolster the healthcare infrastructure in affected areas and this will result in better patient care and quicker reaction times. Furthermore, the dissemination of knowledge via global collaborations accelerates the education of regional medical experts and fosters a greater understanding of the disease. Collaborative research projects also accelerate the development of vaccines and therapeutic approaches. A strong barrier against the spread of Ebola is created by the combination of financial assistance and collective expertise.

In conclusion, a mutually beneficial partnership between developed and developing countries is necessary to mitigate pandemics such as the Ebola virus. A unified front against these global health problems can be built by knowledge sharing, sharing of resources, and joint research. This collaboration is hopefully able to create resilient healthcare systems and safeguard vulnerable communities such as the Africans.

Yew Chin Choon (161860)

Mohd Yusri (159951)

Zulhilmi (165190)

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CHOO HOOI FANG

CHE XIN WEI

CHING PEI YEE

OOI YEE SIAN

1. Nowadays, developing countries such as Malaysia has faced food security during Covid-19 pandemic. This pandemic cause global supply chain disruptions. The shortage of chicken and high food prices have created awareness of the food security situation in Malaysia. Thus, there are some solutions to overcome this issue are agricultural land reform and leveraging technology.

Firstly, Malaysia can focus on reforming the land to agriculture. Peninsular Malaysia currently has 8 million hectares of agricultural land, but only 1 mllion hectares for all agro-food activities. This has cause the limited of food supplying. To ensure food security, reforms must take the shape of land redistribution by having a proper plan to allocate more agricultural land for food farming. The available land must be transparent and open to genuine farmers. So that the food supply will be consistent.

Next, technology play a crucial role in overcome the food security issue. Accelerating tech-enabled food production can drive sustainable domestic agriculture production growth. Domestic production should be scaled up to withstand complex global supply chain disruptions. Governments should transition by attracting talent, transform traditional farming toward new technologies and their applications.

In conclusion, the solution such as reform the land and leveraging technology in agriculture can be achive to overcome the food security efficiently.

2. Developed and poor nations can work together through partnerships involving resource sharing, technology transfer, and coordinated efforts to combat global pandemics like COVID-19. In order to lessen the effects of pandemics, this coordinated effort seeks to capitalize on strengths, close gaps in healthcare skills, and improve the global response as a whole.

Developing and developed countries can facilitate the transfer of technology and knowledge-sharing to enhance the capabilities of healthcare systems in developing countries. This could involve sharing research findings, best practices, and innovative solutions for testing, treatment, and prevention.

Countries with developed economies possessing superior vaccine production capabilities can work together with poorer countries to transfer the technology and know-how required to produce vaccines domestically. Supply Chain Management: Helping to organise and streamline the vaccine production process by locating raw materials, handling transportation, and guaranteeing effective delivery.

In summary, collaborative efforts between developed and developing countries are crucial in mitigating global pandemics like COVID-19. Partnerships that involve resource sharing, technology transfer, and joint education campaigns underscore the need for a united front to address health challenges on a global scale.

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Chan Ee Ling(161774)

Kong Kai Xing(162760)

SUEANN Khoo Zhi Ching(161610)

Tan Xiang Qi(161537)

1. How can developing countries provide solutions for global challenges, such as food security?

Countries that are developing are essential for coming up with creative solutions to global problems in a connected world full of challenges. Food security is one such urgent issue that cuts across national boundaries. Even though they face their own socioeconomic challenges, developing countries can make a substantialcontribution to the global movement towards resilient and sustainable food systems.

First of all, agroecological practices. Developing countries often possess rich biodiversity and traditional farming knowledge. Embracing and promoting agroecological practices can enhance soil fertility, reduce reliance on chemical inputs, and bolster crop resilience. Countries like India and parts of Africa have demonstrated success in adopting agroecological methods, leading to increased yields and improved food security.

Secondly, technological innovation.Many developing nations are leveraging technological advancements to address agricultural inefficiencies. Mobile applications, precision farming, and remote sensing technologies enable better crop management, resource optimization, and early detection of diseases. Initiatives in countries like Kenya, where mobile platforms provide farmers with real-time market information, showcase the potential of technology in transforming agricultural practices.

Lastly, Bangladesh and the World Bank signed a significant $120 million deal for the Climate-Smart Agriculture and Water Management Project, targeting the enhancement of agricultural and fisheries resilience to benefit 170,000 vulnerable individuals and reduce crop damage by 60% in response to climate change threats.

In conclusion, developing countries actively participate in solving global issues like food security rather than just receiving aid. By harnessing their agricultural potential, embracing technology, and empowering local communities, these nations can not only ensure their own food sovereignty but also provide valuable solutions that have far-reaching implications. Collaborative efforts that recognize and amplify the contributions of developing countries are essential for creating a sustainable and secure global food future.

2. How developed and developing countries can form partnership to mitigate global pandemic such as COVID-19?

In confronting global pandemics like COVID-19, forging partnerships between developed and developing countries becomes imperative. The interdependence of nations necessitates collaborative efforts to effectively mitigate the impacts of infectious diseases. The collective response of countries, combining resources, expertise, and solidarity, is key to a successful global pandemic response.

First of all, developed countries with advanced healthcare and research infrastructures are most suited to lead the scientific resistance to the virus. The development of vaccines and treatment plans is accelerated by the sharing of research findings and medical knowledge. The World Health Organisation (WHO) has released a report that highlights the value of international cooperation in research and development to enable prompt reactions to new health risks.

Second, a vital component of cooperation is fair access to immunisations. Developed countries can help developing countries produce and distribute vaccinations by collaborating with international organisations. In order to combat pandemic threats, the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) aggressively supports fair access to vaccines and international cooperation.

In conclusion, the partnership between developed and developing countries is instrumental in mitigating global pandemics. The evidence from organizations like WHO, CEPI, and research publications underscores the significance of collaborative approaches in responding to health crises. By uniting efforts, nations can navigate the complexities of pandemics, ensuring a more effective and equitable global response.

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1) Solution:

Government can encourage every household purchase a composters by reducing the import tariff. It is useful to turn kitchen waste into firtilizer and acheive zero food waste. 'Today's food waste, tomorrow's food fuel'

2) Having a partnership to reduce the global epidemic is very important when the world is facing a critical epidemic like COVID 19. This is because, through partnerships between countries, it helps to donate funds to the health department to provide a lot of vaccines. indirectly, it helps in reducing and preventing the epidemic from continuing to spread badly.

In addition, it can increase the

contribution rate to infrastructure facilities. This, to some extent, can help prevent the epidemic or reduce the burden faced.

In terms of positive consequences, the multilateral system is enhanced by the pressures for collaboration brought by the pandemic. Additionally, advancements in digitalization and consolidation of health, educational and social services will bring long-term benefits. From an environmental perspective, limited mobility brings improvements in air quality and decreases CO2 emissions, having positive consequences, at least in the short term . Although somewhat contradictory, the SDGs in the COVID-19 context guide and encourage mitigating the negative impact of the pandemic and provide a framework where much-needed leadership and and responsibility can unfold.

Tutorial Slot : 5-6pm

Group Name :

1) Nurhidayah binti Nayan (164998)

2) Feng Chin (162900)

3) Nur Aliah Izzati binti Mazani (165143)

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1. Nur Athira Khairunnisa binti Mansor 161366

2. Nora Shareena binti Taib 163376

3. Nur Ain Zatasha binti Zakaria 161431

1. Developing countries can forge partnerships with other countries to overcoming the global challenges such as food security. This can be done with enhancing the agriculture sector of the developing countries. This includes implementing techniques such as conservation of agriculture, crop rotation and agroforestry. These helps in increasing the crop yield while protecting the environment.

By introducing smart farming method, developing countries can improve their food production and reduce global food insecurity that caused by climate changes. Another solution can be done is investing in research and development in terms of agricultural and farming sector. Research in basic agricultural sources and development in agriculture technology can help developing countries to improve their quality and quantity of agricultural production.

Besides, developing countries can also promote small-scale farming and support local food systems. Local farmers can develop a range of agricultural workforce by empowering these farmers with access to good resources and trainings. By doing these, the local farmers can improve their skills and productivity and control to better local food production.

Next, do partnering with the academic institutions such as research universities, to these options, developing countries can seek to improve infrastructure and transportation systems so that food can be moved effectively from farmers to markets. This can assist to prevent food waste while also ensuring that food reaches those in need.

Finally, by focusing on sustainable agriculture, investing in research and development, supporting small-scale farming, and building infrastructure, emerging countries may give vital solutions to global concerns such as food security. These countries may help to solve global food insecurity by addressing their own food security needs, resulting in a more sustainable and food-secure world for everybody.

2. Developed and developing countries can work together to establish cooperative measures that make the most of their unique advantages and resources in order to effectively manage global pandemics such as COVID-19. First and foremost, sharing knowledge is essential. Advanced research capacities are possessed by industrialised countries, which enable them to exchange scientific knowledge, information, and technical advancements with their less developed counterparts.

This expedites the development of a vaccine, advances a more thorough understanding of the virus, and strengthens the entire international response.

Another important factor is financial support. Strong economies in developed nations can provide funding for immunisation programmes, medical supplies, and infrastructure related to healthcare in developing countries. This financial cooperation ensures that all nations, regardless of economic standing, can effectively respond to and manage the epidemic by bridging the resource gap.

International organisations and projects that collaborate are essential. Organisations such as the World Health Organisation (WHO) facilitate effective resource distribution, information sharing, and coordination amongst developed and developing nations. Pandemic management measures are more effective when they are implemented collaboratively.

Initiatives aimed at increasing capacity and education are essential for fortifying healthcare systems in underdeveloped countries. Developed nations may enhance the overall resilience of global health systems by providing training programmes, exchanging knowledge, and helping to build strong healthcare infrastructure.

A comprehensive method must address socioeconomic implications. Together, we can work to lessen the Covid-19 pandemic's economic effects, especially in poorer nations where vulnerable populations may be disproportionately impacted. This could be debt reduction or economic stimulation.

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NIZAM () ADAM() AIMI() IZNI()

1. Known for their archipelagos islands, The developing country such as The Philiphines are facing multiple social issues. The one that are most prevalent is extreme poverty that directly lead to another issue which involuntary hunger. This issue should be adress since it is related to the second UNSGD which is "Zero Hunger". Developing country such as Malaysia can provide aid and support by providing grains such as rice, flour and some produces. Malaysia also can help The Philiphine's goverment in researching in the clean water technology

2. Feeling depressed? Well do you know that animal also can be depressed. Developed country such as China have build a strong partnership between Malaysia in the effort of keeping the survivals of panda bear species.

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Amanda Sia Wei Yun (162479)

Erica Ngie Xue Mei (164448)

Ooi Yuin Shien (162083)

Cao Zhi Yuan (160565)

1. How can developing countries provide solutions for global challenges, such as food security?

When it comes to solving global issues, developing nations are essential. One such issue is food security, which impacts millions of people globally. They are important players in the search for novel and long-lasting solutions because of their enormous agricultural potential, varied ecosystems, and expanding populations.

Investing in agricultural research and development is essential if we want to increase crop yields, strengthen the health of the soil, and create pest-resistant types. This can be accomplished through efficient knowledge and resource sharing between regional institutions, global organisations, and business sector partners.

An other crucial tactic is empowering smallholder farmers. You can help them adopt sustainable practises, boost productivity, and enhance their lives by giving them access to technology, loans, and training. So that more food reaches those who need it most, food loss and waste can be decreased by strengthening the local infrastructure, which includes transportation and storage facilities.

The abundance of biodiversity in developing nations can be used to support sustainable food systems. Boosting soil conservation, promoting biodiversity preservation, and promoting the growth of traditional crops can all be achieved by incorporating agroforestry techniques.

A comprehensive strategy that integrates social safety nets, economic empowerment, and agricultural development is needed to address food insecurity. Developing nations have the potential to set an example by promoting creativity, teamwork, and inclusive policies that guarantee everyone has fair access to wholesome, reasonably priced food.

2. How developing and developed countries can form partnership to mitigate global pandemic such as Covid-19?

Global pandemics such as COVID-19 have brought attention to how interconnected the world is and how important it is for rich and developing nations to work together closely in order to effectively moderate and avoid future outbreaks.

Developing nations have amassed a wealth of information and experience from dealing with infectious diseases. Despite frequently facing resource constraints, their healthcare systems have proven to be resilient and flexible.

Conversely, developed nations possess the financial means, technological know-how, and research infrastructure needed to assist poorer countries in fortifying their public health systems and preparing for pandemics.

The following are some of the ways that productive alliances can be formed:

Exchange of knowledge and technology: Developed nations can help developing countries acquire technologies for producing vaccines, personal protective equipment (PPE), and diagnostic tools.

2. Developing nations can train healthcare workers in developing nations to enhance their abilities in disease surveillance, contact tracing, and case management by means of capacity building and training programmes.

3. Monetary support and debt relief: Rich nations can provide developing countries with money to improve their healthcare systems, buy necessary supplies, and carry out research on newly emerging infectious diseases.

4. Equitable access to vaccinations and treatments: Developed nations should place a high priority on ensuring that all nations, regardless of their financial situation, have equal access to vaccines and medicines.

Working cooperatively, developing and developed nations may enhance global health security, avert pandemics in the future, and safeguard people's welfare everywhere.

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1) How can developing countries provide solutions for global challenges, such as food security?

A developing nation is defined as one that has a low relative standard of life, a developed industrial base, and a low Human Development Index. This index compares many factors, such as literacy, education, and poverty, across all nations. These developing nations provide some answers to global problems like poverty and food security.
Developing countries contribute to global challenges by supporting technology and research to increase crop yields, create drought-resistant varieties, and enhance farming practises. Other than that, investigating money into education helps create human capital, giving people the knowledge and skills they need to overcome poverty and advance the economy. Working together with other countries, institutions, and scholars encourages the sharing of information, resources, and best practises in order to tackle the issue of global food security as a group. Furthermore, enhancing access to and quality of healthcare lowers medical costs, promotes overall well-being, and makes it possible for people to participate The construction and upkeep of infrastructure, such as energy, roads, and sanitary facilities, promotes economic expansion and employment creation, which has a direct effect on the decrease of poverty. more actively in the economy. Infrastructure development is important for poverty people.

Finally, developing nations are essential in offering solutions for world issues like poverty and food security. These countries may invest in infrastructure, healthcare, education, sustainable agriculture, and other areas to empower their people, boost their economies, and improve community well-being. Working together, both locally and globally, promotes a more effective and inclusive strategy for tackling these issues. As long as make a significant contribution to the worldwide movement for a more secure and just future.

2) How developed and developing countries can form partnership to mitigate global pandemic such as COVID19?

Developing countries will be hardest hit by the COVID-19 pandemic. They are facing an unprecedented health and economic crisis, with potentially extreme economic, social and sustainable development consequences that may reverse decades of development progress and further jeopardise efforts to achieve the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

A significant increase in infections could rapidly overwhelm already weak health systems.

In many developing countries, the pandemic comes in addition to pre-existing food or security crises.

Socio-economic impacts are already being felt and will have long-lasting consequences, possibly reversing decades of progress in poverty eradication: exports in developing Asia are falling, growth in Africa could be halved, and an extra 30 million people in Latin America could fall into poverty.

Containment measures in developing countries will further affect businesses and households, and could disrupt supply chains, engender a food security crisis, and result in increased incidence of gender based violence.

THANAM A/P PARTHIBAN 161521

NUR ANISAH NABILAH 165172

SITI NUR IRDINA 165107

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CHAI XIN JIE 162517

CHONG WAN CHI 161862

CHONG JIA NI 161880

INTAN AZLINA 162448

Q1: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a worldwide outbreak of coronavirus, an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Over 2 million people in the European Region have died as a result of the COVID-19 epidemic. Developing countries use a variety of strategies to keep Covid-19 from spreading within their borders.

To deal with the pandemic, developing countries cooperate with pharmaceutical companies and foreign organizations to get vaccines. For example, they might get vaccines as they work together on projects or make things locally while getting technology from other places. Besides this, enhancing public trust in COVID-19 vaccination, raising community knowledge, and building up facilities are also very important for getting vaccines to people and solving problems that come up during pandemics.

In conclusion, developing countries had faced a lot of challenges to overcome.  In addressing the challenges, developing countries can learn in dealing with the health issue. According to World Health Organization (WHO), 'One World: Together at Home' Global Special to support healthcare workers in the fight against the Covid-19 pandemic.

Q2: Global cooperation is critical in minimizing the effect of pandemics such as COVID-19, which necessitates a collaborative effort from both industrialized and poor nations. Developed countries may play a critical role in establishing productive partnerships by sharing critical resources. This involves ensuring that poor nations have equal access to vaccines, which are key instruments for immunity.

Another important part of cooperation is financial assistance. Developed countries may contribute funding to underdeveloped countries to promote healthcare infrastructure, research, and development. This help may improve the overall resilience of healthcare systems, allowing them to react to and handle pandemics more effectively.

Collaboration in research and technology transfer is also vital. Developed nations may share scientific information, skills, and technical advances with poor countries. This exchange has the potential to empower local healthcare providers, increase diagnostic capacities, and aid in the development of successful medicines.

International organisations may act as conduits for collaboration, facilitating inter-country conversation and coordination. The World Health Organisation (WHO) and other global health organisations may help promote the transmission of knowledge, best practices, and resources, resulting in a more united front against pandemics.

Partnerships between the public and commercial sectors may also help in the battle against global health challenges. Collaborations among governments, pharmaceutical corporations, and non-profit organisations may help to speed up vaccine research, manufacture, and distribution. These collaborations help provide a more efficient and broad response to pandemics by combining resources and knowledge.

To summaries, preventing global pandemics requires a symbiotic connection between developed and poor nations. Nations may cooperatively develop a robust global health infrastructure via resource sharing, financial assistance, collaborative research, and technology transfer. Such collaborations are critical not just for tackling the present COVID-19 difficulties, but also for creating a collaborative framework capable of successfully responding to future global health crises.

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Question

1-How can developing countries provide solutions for global challenges, such as food security?

2-How developed and developing countries can form partnership to mitigate global pandemic such as COVID-19?

Thesis statement

1. Food security has been a pressing issue in many countries and factors that contribute to food security in India are poor environmental conditions,  agricultural challenges,  rapid urbanization,  and the Covid-19 pandemic. The following paragraphs explain the solutions developing countries like India can do to curb food insecurity as a global challenge

2. The Covid-19 pandemic has led to various issues concerning the SDG's,  thus leaving hurdles for countries to curb in a matter of time. However,   the global pandemic can be mitigated if neighbouring countries join hands to resolve issues that are affected by the Covid-19 pandemic.

Answers

1-- A lack of access to affordable and healthy foods is widespread throughout India. With over 60% of India's population depending on agriculture for their livelihoods, the agricultural sector is critical for both India's economy and food security levels across the country.

- India produces around 100 million tonnes of rice every year. While there might be enough food for the whole population of India, many families and especially children in India don't have access to food because of financial problems.

Solution

Developing country needs to concentrate on methods to improve the availability and affordability of protein rich food products using the latest environmental friendly technology without the need of additional land and water.

2- When the pandamic COVID-19 happened global world try to combat the COVID-19 issues so what the developed and developing country did were established diplomatic relationship between them so the rich country can invest more to the rural country in cope the global pandamic covid-19. Such as, both countries had invested on vaccinations together so it could be done rapidly than usual time. It also can causes a strong diplomatic relationship solved COVID-19 problems in a good deal. Nevertheless, more people would realise that technology advancements actually help in medicines sector improves health and well-being of people around the globe by providing more money in vaccinations such as astrazaneca, Pfizer, Sinovac & Modern.

Conclusion

1- In conclusion, using a variety of strategies, emerging nations can significantly contribute to the provision of solutions for global issues. Other strategies might also be advantageous and useful - achieving food security requires a variety of tactics, including funding agricultural innovation and technology, encouraging organic farming and sustainable farming practises, putting government policies and programmes into action effectively, and addressing socioeconomic issues like poverty and income inequality.

2-In conclusion, the mitigation of pandemics requires a mutually beneficial relationship between developed and developing countries. We can only address the problems presented by the novel coronavirus more successfully by working together between developed and developing nations.

1- Sumayya Fauzi

2- Anis Maisarah

3- Ahmad Ali

4- Alia Amira

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Ahmad Mukriz

Arif Faisal

Syahmi Radi

1.Developing countries face a multitude of global challenges, including food security, climate change, pandemics, and conflict. These challenges require global solutions that involve international cooperation and collaboration. Developing countries can provide solutions for global challenges by addressing these issues through innovative partnerships, building resilience to crisis and shocks, and accelerating structural transformations for sustainable development. One of the most pressing global challenges is food security. Developing countries can provide solutions to this challenge by investing in agricultural research and development, improving infrastructure, and promoting sustainable farming practices. For example, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) works to eradicate poverty in all its forms and dimensions, accelerate structural transformations for sustainable development, and build resilience to crisis and shocks. The World Bank Group is also working to strengthen the delivery of global public goods, such as biodiversity, clean air, and the prevention of communicable diseases, through financing, knowledge, and partnerships.

In conclusion, developing countries can provide solutions for global challenges by addressing these issues through innovative partnerships, building resilience to crisis and shocks, and accelerating structural transformations for sustainable development. By investing in agricultural research and development, improving infrastructure, and promoting sustainable farming practices, developing countries can help to address the challenge of food security. Through international cooperation and collaboration, we can work together to find solutions to the world's most pressing challenges.

2.
In the face of a global pandemic like COVID-19, international cooperation and partnership between developed and developing countries are crucial for an effective and equitable response. By pooling resources, sharing expertise, and fostering solidarity, these nations can work together to mitigate the pandemic's impact, protect vulnerable populations, and build resilience for future health threats.

Developed countries possess a wealth of resources, including financial capital, advanced medical technologies, and research capabilities. These resources can be leveraged to support developing nations in strengthening their healthcare systems, expanding testing and tracing capacity, and ensuring access to essential medical supplies. Additionally, developed countries can share their knowledge and expertise in pandemic management, providing training and guidance to healthcare workers in developing countries.

Developing countries, on the other hand, offer valuable insights into the local context of the pandemic, enabling more tailored and effective interventions. Their understanding of community dynamics, cultural norms, and healthcare infrastructure is crucial for designing and implementing strategies that resonate with the affected populations. Additionally, developing countries can contribute to global knowledge by sharing data and insights from their experiences with the pandemic, informing future research and preparedness efforts.

By forging strong partnerships, developed and developing countries can harness their collective strengths and expertise to mitigate the impact of global pandemics like COVID-19. This collaborative approach fosters global solidarity, promotes equitable access to healthcare, and strengthens resilience for future health challenges.