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History and development of the operating system.

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History and development of the operating system.

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MacOS was introduced in 1984 to run Apple's Macintosh computers. The next major release was Mac OS X -- the letter "X" referred to 10 -- which was released in March 2001. This version was the first of nine OS versions to be named after big cats, in this case, Cheetah. After this, macOS versions were named after places in California. These started at Mavericks and continued through Yosemite, Capitan, Sierra, High Sierra, Mojave, Catalina, Big Sur and Monterey. These versions also featured the transition from OS X to OS 11 and the change from the OS X title to the macOS title. Now in the last years like 2020 the macOS stopped using Intel Processors and started using Apple Silicon.

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Users can watch, listen and read content using applications like Music, TV, Podcasts, Books and Photos. Applications such as Photos, GarageBand and iMovie enable users to view, edit and create media. Users can communicate with one another using text, visual and audio applications such as Mail, Messages and FaceTime. Users can access and share their content with different devices with iCloud.

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Users can transfer Windows-based files and other data from a Windows PC to a Mac. They can also run Microsoft Office or even Windows on a Mac.

Some of the compatible machines are:

iMac (2017 and later)

iMac Pro (2017 and later)

MacBook (2017 and later)

MacBook Air (2018 and later)

MacBook Pro (2017 and later)

Mac mini (2018 and later)

Mac Pro (2019 and later)

Mac Studio (2020)

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OS X 10 beta: Kodiak – September 13, 2000

OS X 10.2: Jaguar – August 14, 2002 (Latest: 10.2.8)

OS X 10.4 Tiger (Merlot) – April 29, 2005 (Latest: 10.4.11)

OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard – August 28, 2009 (Latest: 10.6.8)

macOS 10.12: Sierra (Fuji) – September 20, 2016 (Latest: 10.12.6)

macOS 10.14: Mojave (Liberty) – September 24, 2018 (Latest: 10.14.6)

macOS 10.15: Catalina (Jazz) – October 7, 2019 (Latest: 10.15.7, Security Update 2022-005)

macOS 13: Ventura (Rome) – October 24, 2022 (Latest: 13.6)

macOS 14: Sonoma (Sunburst) – September 25, 2023 (Latest: 14.0)

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macOS license is included in all Apple devices which means is free, but for business customers, Apple's online Business Store will offer volume licenses at the same $29.99 price in a minimum quantity of 20 licenses. The Apple Developer Program is 99 USD per membership year.

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Compare this OS with another and give at least 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages.

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Compare this OS with another and give at least 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages.

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macOS vs Microsoft Windows
Advantages: macOS is considered to have a more secure environment with fewer known vulnerabilities and a robust security architecture and macOS is less prevalent in enterprise settings but is popular among certain industries like design, marketing, and creative fields.

Disadvantages: macOS has a more standardized interface and limited customization options compared to Windows and Windows can run on a wide range of hardware from different manufacturers.

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Security Features - There are some tips for a secure mac

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Security Features - There are some tips for a secure mac

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1. Instant screen auto-lock. This will instantly log out your Mac user account no matter how short of a time you haven’t been using it
2. FileVault Encryption. will encrypt your hard drive, making it inaccessible to anyone who doesn’t have a unique decryption key.
3. Mac Firewall. is your first line of defense against attackers or external threats getting access to your system.

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The macOS operating system has been on a steady rise in recent months, becoming the world's second most used operating system, with December being a breakthrough month. MacOS secured the second position with a remarkable rate of 21.38%.
Although Apple did not introduce new Macs in December 2022, it did so in January 2023 with MacBook Pro models equipped with M2 Pro and M2 Max chips, so the purchase of these powerful computers may have had a noticeable impact on increasing macOS adoption rates, as the operating system is exclusive to Macs.
Looking at Apple Macbook customers by industry, we find that Information Technology and Services (16%), Computer Software (10%), Marketing and Advertising (7%) and Internet (6%) are the largest segments.

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https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/Mac-OS
https://developer.apple.com/support/compare-memberships/
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/difference-between-windows-and-macos#:~:text=macOS%20has%20a%20more%20standardized,customization%20options%20compared%20to%20Windows.&text=Windows%20has%20historically%20been%20more,and%20a%20robust%20security%20architecture.

https://www.macworld.com/article/672681/list-of-all-macos-versions-including-the-latest-macos.html

https://setapp.com/how-to/full-list-of-all-macos-versions

https://www.makeuseof.com/how-to-check-macos-compatibility/#:~:text=macOS%20Big%20Sur%2DCompatible%20Macs&text=MacBook%20(2015%20and%20newer),Mac%20mini%20(2014%20and%20newer)

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Apple has announced prices and deployment plans for its education and business customers installing Mac OS X and Mac OS X Server, with licenses starting at $29.99 in volume.

The company has published a PDF document that reiterates that consumers will install Lion via the Mac App Store as a $29.99 download that may be installed on any Mac connected to the iTunes account used to download it.

For business customers, Apple's online Business Store will offer volume licenses at the same $29.99 price in a minimum quantity of 20 licenses. The company will also offer maintenance contracts for $49.99 per license at the same minimum quantity.

Education customers can buy Lion via the Apple Education Licensing Program or the online Education Store. The new OS will be packaged with iLife and iWork apps in a "Apple Software Collection" bundle priced at $39 per machine in volume packs of 25 licenses.

Apple notes that the new OS minimally requires a Mac with a Core 2 Duo; Core i3, i5 or i7; or Xeon CPU and at least 2GB of RAM, and must be running Mac OS X Snow Leopard 10.6.6 or later. This excludes 32-bit Core Duo and Core Solo Macs introduced in 2006.

The company regularly (but not consistently) refers to its new OS in the document as "OS X," dropping the "Mac" from its name in most cases while still referring to "Mac OS X" when speaking of the OS in general terms. Apple's online web pages also commonly now refer to the OS as simply "OS X."

Both business and education customers will receive a single Mac App Store redemption code that can be used to download the Lion installer, which can then be used across all licensed machines to deploy the new OS.

The installer will also support Apple's existing mass deployment techniques, including NetInstall and NetRestore images for distributing the installer and running it in place for unattended, diskless installation, as well as distribution via Apple Remote Desktop for remote mass installations of configured machines.

The document also clarifies that subsequent updates for Lion systems will be delivered through Software Update rather than via the Mac App Store, preventing any need to manage Apple ID accounts on volume licensed machines.

Additionally, the company has stated that the new OS will be available as a free update to all customers who buy a new Mac on or after June 6, 2011 when the new OS was formally released. Those customers can request a free Up-To-Date upgrade to obtain Lion on machines that were not bundled with it.

Mac OS X Server a $49.99 option

Apple also announced that Mac OS X Lion Server will be available as a separate $49.99 option for Lion buyers. Existing Snow Leopard Server users will be able to upgrade to Lion Server by buying Lion along with Lion Server, for a total of $80.

Previously, Mac OS X Snow Leopard Server was priced at $499 for an unlimited client license, although some online retailers discounted the price down into the ballpark of $390. Prior to Snow Leopard Server, Apple formerly sold Mac OS X Server for $500 in a limited client version and $1000 for an unlimited client license.

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Apple reveals Mac OS X Lion, Server prices for business and education | AppleInsider

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Apple has announced prices and deployment plans for its education and business customers installing Mac OS X and Mac OS X Server, with licenses starting at $29.99 in volume.