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The Battle of Thermopylae ends in defeat for the Greeks- (480 BC)

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The Battle of Thermopylae ends in defeat for the Greeks- (480 BC)

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After three days of holding their own against the Persian king Xerxes I and his vast southward-advancing army, the Greeks were betrayed, and the Persians were able to outflank them. Sending the main army in retreat, Leonidas and a small contingent remained behind to resist the advance and were defeated.

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the Islamic Empire greatly contributed to advancements in many fields; including literature, philosophy, science, medicine, mathematics, and art.following the first revelation to the prophet Muhammad at the age of 40. Muhammad and his followers spread the teachings of Islam throughout the Arabian peninsula.

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The Reconquista had a major effect on the evolution of the Muslim and Christian populations during this period and offers a experiment. The Spanish Reconquista was a centuries-long effort by the Christian kingdoms of Spain to reclaim the Iberian Peninsula from Muslim rule.

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The invention of gunpowder was and is a significant event in human history as it has shaped the styles of warfare at the time while resulting in massive political and cultural change in Europe and beyond such as the eventual collapse of feudalism and the Siege of Constantinople.

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The Neolithic Revolution Begins- (10000 BC)

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The Neolithic Revolution Begins- (10000 BC)

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Neolithic populations generally had poorer nutrition, shorter life expectancies, and a more labor-intensive lifestyle than hunter-gatherers.

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The Crusades were organized by western European Christians after centuries of Muslim wars of expansion. Their primary objectives were to stop the expansion of Muslim states, to reclaim for Christianity the Holy Land in the Middle East, and to recapture territories that had formerly been Christian.

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it mainly impacted in europe.Goldsmith and inventor Johannes Gutenberg was a political exile from Mainz, Germany when he began experimenting with printing in Strasbourg, France in 1440. He returned to Mainz several years later and by 1450, had a printing machine perfected and ready to use commercially: The Gutenberg press.

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Columbus “discovers” the Americas- (1492)

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Columbus “discovers” the Americas- (1492)

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Columbus thereby initiated an era of exploration, subjugation, and colonization that lasted for centuries. The explorer has been accused by many historians of initiating the genocide of Hispaniola's indigenous Arawak population, and he is also considered by some to be the originator of the transatlantic slave trade.

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consolidating power in the monarchy of the newly unified Spanish kingdom. a series of Christian states fought to recapture territory from the Muslims (Moors) who had occupied most of the Iberian Peninsula in the early 8th century.

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The Industrial Revolution Begins- (1760) 

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The Industrial Revolution Begins- (1760) 

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By the early twentieth century additional countries, usually culturally associated with Europe, began to industrialize, including Russia, Japan, other nations in Eastern and Southern Europe, Australia, and New Zealand. Britain and the other previously industrialized countries became highly urbanized.

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Plastic pollution can alter habitats and natural processes, reducing ecosystems' ability to adapt to climate change, directly affecting millions of people's livelihoods, food production capabilities and social well-being. UNEP's body of work demonstrates that the problem of plastic pollution doesn't exist in a vacuum.

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the Sykes–Picot Agreement was a 1916 secret treaty between the United Kingdom and France, with assent from the Russian Empire and the Kingdom of Italy, to define their mutually agreed spheres of influence and control in an eventual partition of the Ottoman Empire.created the modern Middle East. It represents one of the first instalments in a long line of modern European and subsequent American meddling in the region.

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The Battle of the Somme was one of the most bitterly contested and costly battles of the First World War, lasting nearly five months. Despite this, it is often the first day of the battle that is most remembered. The offensive began on 1 July 1916 after a week-long artillery bombardment of the German lines.

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According to French and British wishes, the Treaty of Versailles subjected Germany to strict punitive measures. The Treaty required the new German Government to surrender approximately 10 percent of its prewar territory in Europe and all of its overseas possessions. The treaty forced Germany to surrender colonies in Africa, Asia and the Pacific cede territory to other nations like France and Poland; reduce the size of its military pay war reparations to the Allied countries; and accept guilt for the war.

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Hitler was appointed chancellor in 1933 because, at the time, the Nazi Party was popular in Germany. He colluded with Austrian Nazis to orchestrate the Anschluss, the annexation of Austria to Germany. And in Hitler’s most brazenly aggressive act yet, he invaded  many countries.

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he Holocaust was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe, around two-thirds of Europe's Jewish population.

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An atomic bomb is dropped on Nagasaki- (1945)

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An atomic bomb is dropped on Nagasaki- (1945)

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On 6 and 9 August 1945, the United States detonated two atomic bombs over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki respectively. The bombings killed between 129,000 and 226,000 people, most of whom were civilians, and remain the only use of nuclear weapons in an armed conflict.

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sparked the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, which resulted in the 1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight and subsequently led to waves of Jewish emigration from other parts of the Middle East.

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Apartheid refers to a system of institutionalised racial segregation, which was characterized by the separation of people on the basis of race. the decades that followed the world body would contribute to the global struggle against apartheid by drawing world attention to the inhumanity of the system, legitimizing popular resistance, promoting anti-apartheid actions by governmental and non-governmental organizations.

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the Bosnian War was an international armed conflict that took place in Bosnia and Herzegovina between 1992 and 1995. The war is commonly seen as having started on 6 April 1992, following a number of earlier violent incidents. The war ended on 14 December 1995 when the Dayton accords were signed.

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brought together the land, air, and sea forces of the allied armies in what became known as the largest amphibious invasion in military history. The operation, given the codename OVERLORD, delivered five naval assault divisions to the beaches of Normandy, France.D-Day put the Allies on a decisive path toward victory. Beginning with the Normandy beaches, they pushed back against Axis forces until Germany was forced to surrender less than a year later.

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The World Trade Organization is founded- (1995)

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The World Trade Organization is founded- (1995)

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the whole world was involved in the trading organization. The overall objective of the WTO is to help its members use trade as a means to raise living standards, create jobs and improve people's lives. The WTO operates the global system of trade rules and helps developing economies build their trade capacity.

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During the Green Revolution countries all over Asia, Africa, and South America dramatically increased their yields of wheat and rice. In India this increase meant that fifty percent more rice and wheat was being produced in the 1980s when compared to the 1960s.

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Neil Armstrong steps onto the surface of the moon- (1969)

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Neil Armstrong steps onto the surface of the moon- (1969)

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The moon landing taught us about the composition of the moon. It gave us the first perspective of the Earth from Space. Overall, there are many technologies that we now use in our daily lives that we would not have if scientists did not continue to explore space.

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it impacted so many people around the world. Facebook has grown rapidly since its launch in 2004, and its user base has expanded to over 2.9 billion monthly active users worldwide. This growth has increased Facebook's influence on society as a platform for communication, information sharing, and social interaction.

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In its 2023 Global Appeal, the UN reported that more than 6.9 million are currently internally displaced, with more than 5.4 million living as refugees abroad. Many refugees have fled to Jordan and Lebanon, straining already weak infrastructures and limited resources.

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Cambridge Analytica goes bankrupt- (2016)

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Cambridge Analytica goes bankrupt- (2016)

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The app harvested the data of up to 87 million Facebook profiles. Cambridge Analytica used the data to provide analytical assistance to the 2016 presidential campaigns of Ted Cruz and Donald Trump.The Cambridge Analytica scandal teaches us a number vital lessons in the importance of integrity.