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Gram staining is an important test that will help you see if a microbe is gram-negative or positive. The steps to gram staining are first put a drop of water on slide, then put the bacteria on the slide. Then add:
–Crystal violet - 1min

–Gently rinse with water

–Iodine - 1min

–Gently rinse with water

–Decolorize. Squirt over slide until the runoff is clear.

–Gently rinse with water IMMEDIATELY

–Safranin - 1min

–Gently rinse with water

–Blot dry
Now, you can look to see if it is gram-negative or positive.

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A 39-year-old Amish woman was turned into the hospital with burns that covered 56% of her body. This caused the patient's immune system to be suppressed; this ended up in her having a high-grade fever. She was given antibiotics, but she developed severe abdominal pain. Some tests were done, and the non-selective agar plate was filled with mucid pink colonies. From this, they found out that she had Klebsiella oxytoxa. Klebsiella oxytoxa has been shown to cause hemorrhagic colitis.

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As stated in the past slide on appearance, we said that the typical shape is a bacillus. In most cases, the bacterium is in a singular line, known to have the prefix "strepto." The arrangement of this bacterium is a streptobacillus. MediLexicon International says that it has a " rod-shaped bacterium belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae."

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Aryal, S., & P, B. (2023, January 13). Biochemical test of Klebsiella oxytoca. Microbe Notes. https://microbenotes.com/biochemical-test-of-klebsiella-oxytoca/
Biotrend. (2022, August 27). Biotrend >2022. https://www.biotrend.com/en/buy/cat-non-selective-media-for-microbiology-5482.html#:~:text=It%20is%20a%20simple%20culture,to%20be%20able%20to%20multiply.

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Klebsiella oxytoca has a thin peptidoglycan layer. The thin layer of peptidoglycan is a result of the bacterium being gram-negative. Klebsiella oxytocic has the typical shape of a rod, meaning it is a bacillus. Aryal says it appears as a "rod-shaped bacterium that is closely related to K. pneumoniae, from which it is distinguished by being indole-positive."

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They did a Gram stain. The bacteria was a gram negative, so we had to do a gram negative style staining. I could also tell by how the stain looked.

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With this case study in mind, I am looking forward to having a greater knowledge in microbiology so that I can understand what pathogens look like specifically. I also want to know what pathogens and bacteria cause what diseases and how to stop or prevent them.

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The antimicrobial therapy got in the way of normal stool being produced. This allowed for the K. oxytoca to grow, and caused mild abdominal pain for the patient.

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Because of all her burns, she was put on an antimicrobial therapy treatment. Five days later she started to have these complications. So they immediately took her off the antimicrobial therapy. This healed her.

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When the doctors got the test back, they all came back negative for pathogens that cause diarrhea. There was no growth in any of those cultures. But, on the MacConkey agar, there was a ton of growth. From this, they found that Antibiotic Associated Hemorrhagic Colitis was what she had. This is a disease that is caused by  K. oxytoca. They also knew that bloody diarrhea is a sign of  K. oxytoca. MacConkey agar is a nonselective agar plate that lets any microbe grow. Biotrent says that, "It is a simple culture medium without a selection agent that will allow the growth of microorganisms in an undifferentiated way."

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A test was sent in to look at the stool. This microbiological test would be used to find certain pathogens that can result in Klebsiella oxytoxa. They wanted to see what was causing the bloody stool.

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There were several signs and symptoms in this case study that showed that the patient has an infection. A sign that there was something wrong was that she had bloody stool. One symptom that showed there was something wrong was that she reported having a fever. Her temperature was reported to be 103.6° F. Also, she reported having abdominal pain.

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Klebsiella oxytoca does not have many unique physical characteristics to it. In fact, it is actually considered to be a normal and healthy bacteria to have when it is in your intestines.  Only once it gets out can it bring negative effects. One unique characteristic is that it can be distinguished by being an indole-positive. It is also able to grow on melezitose but not 3-hydroxybutyrate.