# data[].attributes.body
The Winnipeg General Strike contributed to the development of a stronger labour movement and the tradition of social democratic politics in Canada. As well, Helen Armstrong was important in getting women involved and acknowledged and in feeding protesters.

# data[].attributes.body
As Canada was industrialising rapidly in the early 20th century, oil was a necessity and discovery in Alberta was significant for their economy. Calgary exploded in size and became the first oil "boom town". As other surrounding towns followed, Canada became the fifth largest exporter of oil in the world.

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
WWI: Canada's war finally ended in Mons, Belgium on November 11th, 1918

# data[].attributes.body
Fighting ended for Canadians in a little Belgium town called Mons at 11 am, November 11th, 1918. Canada then independently signed the Treaty of Versailles 1919 that formally ended the war.

# data[].attributes.body
The D'Day operation brought together the land, air, and sea forces of the allied armies in what became known as the largest invasion in military history. The Canadians who came ashore on this day and saw action in the Battle of Normandy were among the more than 1 million men and women from Canada who served during the conflict. Over 45,000 of them would lose their lives. D'Day was a defining moment for Canada as they proved their power and abilities as a middle power, captured the heaviest defended beach, and covered the most land on the first day.

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Francis Pegahmagabow was born in Parry Sound, Ontario

# data[].attributes.body
Francis Pegahmagabow was an Anishinabe sniper in WWI. He started as a "runner" and survived the first chlorine gas attack at the 2nd Battle of Ypres. Francis is the most decorated Indigenous soldier in Canadian history.

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Battle of Ypres: October 19th - November 22nd, 1914

# data[].attributes.body
The Battle of Ypres was the Canadian's first major engagement of the Great War. Canadian soldiers have gained international recognition for their courageous and determined defense of Allied positions in the Ypres Salient. Here they faced overwhelming odds, including the first large-scale chlorine gas attacks of the war. This battle marked the Germans' first use of poison gas as a weapon.

# data[].attributes.location_name
Canadian National Vimy Memorial, Chemin des Canadiens, Givenchy-en-Gohelle, France

# data[].attributes.headline
Canadian National Vimy Memorial, Chemin des Canadiens, Givenchy-en-Gohelle, France

# data[].attributes.subject
Canadian National Vimy Memorial, Chemin des Canadiens, Givenchy-en-Gohelle, France

# data[].attributes.body
The Battle of Vimy Ridge took place April 9th, 1917 - April 12th, 1917. This battle was the first battle where all 4 divisions of the Canadian Corps fought together. These Canadian forces led the capture of one of Germany's most important positions that they held for 3 years, and Canada won it over in essentially 3 days. A memorial to Canadian soldiers stands on the Ridge in France today.

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Saskatchewan entered confederation on September 1st, 1905.

# data[].attributes.body
A bill was initially drawn up to unify the districts of Alberta, Saskatchewan, Assiniboia, and Athabasca into one large western province. It was later decided that the province would be too big to administer; it was therefore split into Alberta and Sask.

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Alberta entered confederation on September 1st, 1905.

# data[].attributes.body
Ottawa originally kept control of the crown lands and natural resources, arguing that unlike other provinces, Alberta had never owned the lands. Alberta politicians fought to change that rule and finally took control of the crown lands and resources in 1930. It was debated that Alberta and Saskatchewan would be one province together, or two separately.

# data[].attributes.body
On May 23rd, 1914, the Komagata Maru reached the shores of Burrard Inlet in Vancouver, BC. The 376 passengers came hoping to have a life full of opportunities here in Canada. Despite being British subjects, they were denied entry into Canada based on discriminatory and racist laws. These passengers were detained on the ship for months, denied access to food, water, and healthcare. July 23rd, 1914, the Komagata Maru left Vancouver.

# data[].attributes.body
The Komagata Maru departed from Hong Kong on April 4th, 1914, carrying 376 passengers.

# data[].attributes.body
Rupert's Land Act, 1868, was an Act of the Parliament, authorizing the transfer of Rupert's Land from the control of the Hudson's Bay Company to the Dominion of Canada. The Indigenous peoples of this large area were not consulted of the sale of Rupert's Land at all.

# data[].attributes.body
The British North America Act received Royal Assent on March 29th, 1867, and went into effect July 1st, 1867. This BNA Act united the 3 separate territories of Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick into a single dominion called Canada.

# data[].attributes.location_name
Batoche National Historic Site, Batoche, SK

# data[].attributes.headline
Batoche National Historic Site, Batoche, SK

# data[].attributes.subject
Batoche National Historic Site, Batoche, SK

# data[].attributes.body
The Battle of Batoche, May 9-12, 1885, was the last major action of the North-West Resistance. Here, Metis and Indigenous resistors led by Louis Riel and Gabriel Dumont were defeated by federal government militia.

# data[].attributes.body
Louis Riel had many accomplishments. He formed a militia, turned back surveyors, took possession of Upper For Garry, and began the Red River resistance. Riel also formed a provisional government and presented Canada with a Bill of Rights that, on May 12, became the Manitoba Act, 1870. He was also the undisputed political head of the 1885 Resistance. Later in life he was sentenced to death, and on November 16th, 1885, Riel was hung in Regina.

# data[].attributes.body
Following the Charlottetown Conference in September, the Quebec Conference took place in October, 1864. Delegates from the 5 British North American colonies gathered again to continue discussing their unification into a single country. These two conferences laid the groundwork for Canadian Confederation.

# data[].attributes.location_name
Province House National Historic Site, Richmond Street, Charlottetown, PE

# data[].attributes.headline
Province House National Historic Site, Richmond Street, Charlottetown, PE

# data[].attributes.subject
Province House National Historic Site, Richmond Street, Charlottetown, PE

# data[].attributes.body
The Charlottetown Conference was help in September of 1864. At this conference, the Canadas promised that the government of the new union would build a railway connecting Canada and the Atlantic colonies. By the end of the conference, a consensus was reached to create a larger union of all 5 provinces, and agreed to meet in Quebec in 1 month to work out the terms.

# data[].attributes.body
The Constitutional Act (Canada Act) of 1791, was an act of the British Parliament. It divided Quebec into Upper Canada and Lower Canada. The Act was a step towards confederation, however, its rigid colonial structures also set the stage for rebellion in the Canadas. The Act was to be a remedy to the Loyalist arrival, but again, was a major contributor to the border drawing and rebellion in Canada.

# data[].attributes.body
Between 1610 and 1632, 5 European expeditions seeking a Northwest Passage to the Pacific reached the Hudson and James bays where they recorded one face-to-face encounter with what was probably an Inuit individual.

# data[].attributes.body
In 1604 a French expedition including Samuel de Champlain, along with others, arrived off the coast of what is known today southwestern Nova Scotia; after exploring the Bay of Fundy, a settlement was established on Saint Croix Island.

# data[].attributes.body
With Treaty 9, the Indigenous people wanted protection for their lands, resources, and fur-bearing animals. They believed that a treaty might ensure protection and economic security within the Euro-Canadian settlement and development. This treaty, like other treaties, contained provisions for cask treaty payments, creation of reserves, education, and hunting, fishing and trapping rights.

# data[].attributes.body
The treaty promised to give the Tilcho annual payments and services, like medical care, education, and old age care.

# data[].attributes.body
This treaty was signed between King Edward VII and various First Nation band governments in northern Saskatchewan and a small portion of eastern Alberta. They wanted a treaty that would resolve issues of poor fur prices and food scarcity.

# data[].attributes.body
Treaty 8 promoted co-existence between peoples on the landbase and the sharing of the resources, both renewable and non-renewable

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Treaty 7 was signed on September 22nd, 1877

# data[].attributes.body
The First Nations in this territory were concerned about the alarming spread of diseases, such as smallpox, and the decimation of the buffalo due to overhunting; as a result, they felt that the signing of treaty 7 would ensure the survival of their people.

# data[].attributes.location_name
Fort Carlton Provincial Park, Saskatchewan 212, Duck Lake, SK

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Treaty 6 was signed on August 23rd, 1876

# data[].attributes.headline
Fort Carlton Provincial Park, Saskatchewan 212, Duck Lake, SK

# data[].attributes.subject
Fort Carlton Provincial Park, Saskatchewan 212, Duck Lake, SK

# data[].attributes.body
The Indigenous people felt that the signing of treaty 6 would ensure the survival of their people. There was a pipe ceremony conducted prior to the signing of a treaty that had strong cultural and spiritual significance

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Treaty 5 was signed on September 20th, 1875

# data[].attributes.body
With treaty 5, in exchange for access to an area of about 100,000 square miles, the indigenous people of treaty 5 were to receive reserves of 160 acres per family of 5, annuities of $5 per year, clothing and medals, articles for cultivation, education, and the right to hunt, fish and trap. They were to ban alcohol and to keep peace

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Treaty 4 was signed on September 15th, 1874

# data[].attributes.body
When treaty 4 was negotiated, the First Nations had insisted on having a treaty ground set aside to conduct treaty business; when settlers started to occupy the area, the First Nations applied to the government for assurance that the site would be safeguarded

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Treaty 3 was signed on October 3rd, 1873

# data[].attributes.body
Treaty 3's overall goal was the protection, preservation, and enhancement of treaty and aboriginal rights. This treaty also specifically provided the federal government access to Saulteaux lands in exchange for various good and indigenous rights to hunting, fishing, and natural resources on reserve lands

# data[].attributes.body
The treaty was established to maintain peace and goodwill between the indigenous peoples and the Crown. This treaty also held Indigenous chiefs and head men accountable for the actions of their people in keeping peace with the terms of the treaty

# data[].attributes.location_name
Lower Fort Garry National Historic Site, Provincial Trunk Highway 9, Saint Andrews, MB

# data[].attributes.body
Treaty 1 was signed mainly for land and resource security. The treaty was signed between officials and local indigenous communities as both groups desired such securities

# data[].attributes.location_name
L'Anse aux Meadows National Historic Site, Newfoundland and Labrador

# data[].attributes.headline
L'Anse aux Meadows National Historic Site, Newfoundland and Labrador

# data[].attributes.subject
L'Anse aux Meadows National Historic Site, Newfoundland and Labrador

# data[].attributes.body
European newcomers and settlers slowly moved westward from Scandinavia to Iceland and Greenland, and eventually to Newfoundland. At L'Anse aux Meadows they founded North America's first European colony.

# data[].attributes.body
A huge development from Cartiers and Champlain's voyages was the fur trade. The fur trade was where the First Nations peoples traded furs and pelts in exchange for manufactured iron goods from the Europeans. The Fur Trade was an important turning point in the lives of Europeans and First Nations people.

# data[].attributes.body
The Treaty of Paris was signed on Sept. 3rd, 1783. This treaty ended the Seven Years' War between Great Britain and France. Through the Treaty of Paris, France ceded all of New France to Great Britain.

# data[].attributes.body
The Battle of the Plains of Abraham is a key moment in Canada's history. Taking place in the Seven Years' War, this is the battle in which the British defeated the French

# data[].attributes.body
The Quebec Act was passed to gain the loyalty of the French-speaking majority of the province of Quebec. The Quebec Act opposed the Royal Proclamation which aimed to assimilate the French language, culture, and laws. French is now an official language of Canada.

# data[].attributes.body
Loyalists were pushed out of New York

# data[].attributes.body
Thousands of Acadians were deported from PEI

# data[].attributes.body
Hugely important and successful war battle for Canadians

# data[].attributes.body
Yorkton and area is greatly known for its Ukrainian population

# data[].attributes.body
Capital city of Canada

# data[].attributes.body
Signing of Treaty 4 took place in 1874

# data[].attributes.body
Women in Manitoba became the first in Canada to win the right to vote

# data[].attributes.location_name
Tunnels Of Moose Jaw, Main Street North, Moose Jaw, SK

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Illegal transportation of alcohol, but also later used by the Chinese to avoid the head tax and discrimination

# data[].attributes.headline
Tunnels Of Moose Jaw, Main Street North, Moose Jaw, SK

# data[].attributes.subject
Tunnels Of Moose Jaw, Main Street North, Moose Jaw, SK

# data[].attributes.location_name
Province House National Historic Site, Richmond Street, Charlottetown, PE

# data[].attributes.headline
Province House National Historic Site, Richmond Street, Charlottetown, PE

# data[].attributes.subject
Province House National Historic Site, Richmond Street, Charlottetown, PE

# data[].attributes.body
Canada's Confederation signed 1867