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The San Andreas Fault is a continental transform fault that extends roughly 1,200 kilometers through California. It is formed in the conservative boundary between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate. Along the conservative plate boundary, Pacific plate and the North American plate slide past each other laterally. Under the shearing force, friction builds up along the plate boundary. If the stress is too great, the plates will be displaced and produce a transform fault (San Andreas Fault).

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The islands of Japan is an volcanic island arc. Along the destructive plate boundary, the Pacific plate (denser plate) is subducted beneath the Eurasian plate (less dense) into the asthenosphere. An elongated deep ocean floor (Ocean trench) is formed in the subduction zone between two plates. Them manga under great pressure is forced to rise up along the line of weakness to ocean floor. It results in vulcanicity and produces a chain of volcanic islands.

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Hawaiian Islands are volcanoes and volcanic island that are not found at plate boundaries. Hawaiian Islands is an exmaple of hotspot, which is a large plume of hot mantle material rising from deep within the Earth. A line of volcanoes develops as a plate moves over a hotspot, much as a line of melted wax forms as a sheet of waxed paper is moved slowly over a burning candle.

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The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is a mid-oceanic ridge (a divergent or constructive plate boundary) located along the floor of the Atlantic Ocean, and part of the longest mountain range in the world. In the North Atlantic, the ridge separates the North American from the Eurasian Plate and the African Plate, north and south of the Azores Triple Junction respectively. In the South Atlantic, it separates the African and South American plates. Along the constructive plate boundaries, the diverging magma current drives two plates to move apart. Tensional force is created and create lines of weakness. Magma rises up through the cracks onto ocean floor, Lava cools and solidifies to form new oceanic crust. The rising arms of convection current push up the ocean floor and produce long ridge (the Mid-Atlantic Ridge).

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The Alps are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe, stretching approximately 1,200 km across seven Alpine countries (from west to east): France, Switzerland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Austria, Germany, and Slovenia. Mont Blanc is the highest mountain in the Alps at 4,809 m. The Alpine region area contains 128 peaks higher than 4,000 m. The mountains were formed over tens of millions of years as the African and Eurasian tectonic plates collided. Continental-continental collision resulted in sedimentary rocks rising by thrusting and folding into high mountain peaks such as Mont Blanc and the Matterhorn.

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The Andes, Andes Mountains or Andean Mountain Range are the longest continental mountain range in the world, forming a continuous highland along the western edge of South America. The range is 8,900 km long, 200 to 700 km wide, and has an average height of about 4,000 m. The Andes are the result of tectonic plate processes, caused by the subduction of oceanic crust beneath the South American Plate as the Nazca Plate and South American Plate converge.

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The Himalayas, or Himalaya is a mountain range separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau. The range has some of the planet's highest peaks, including the very highest, Mount Everest, which lies on the border of China and Nepal. Over 100 peaks exceeding 7,200 m in elevation lie in the Himalayas. It is formed under the collision between the Indo-Australian plate and the Eurasian plate. As the two plates moved closer, the layers of sedimentary rocks are compressed and folded up to form fold mountains. There is no subduction of plate because both the converging plates are continental plate.