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Ex2 page 119

- Topic sentence: Keeping fit is a great way for individuals to stay healthy, and too little exercise can lead to problems later in life.

- Supporting sentence 1 (reason) : Reducing the risk of chronic diseases like diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and certain types of cancer can be achieved prevented through physical fitness.

- Supporting sentence 2(examples): Regular exercise can help maintain a healthy body weight as well as improve insulin sensitivity, both of which are significant factors in lowering the possibility of type 2 diabetes. An example of regular exercise include jogging or brisk walking.

- Supporting sentence 3 (reason) : Individuals who keep themselves in excellent physical shape may maintain occupied, meaningful lives, engage in a variety of activities, and have the energy to pursue their hobbies and interests.

- Supporting sentence 4(examples): For example, people who are healthy, have greater motivation to explore nature through outdoor pursuits like hiking, camping, and backpacking, which gives them the chance to forge connections with the natural world and have more satisfying lives.

Task 2: Writing handout

1. The convenience of air travel comes with significant environmental drawbacks.

Pollutants released by aircraft engines include sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter. These contaminants have the potential to worsen both human and environmental health by contributing to smog and air pollution.

For instance, sunlight and nitrogen oxides can combine to create ozone, a dangerous pollutant that can aggravate asthma attacks and cause respiratory issues.

2. The widespread practice of deforestation poses a grave threat to human and global biodiversity

The global practice of deforestation is a serious danger to biodiversity and human well-being, mainly due to the growing demand for arable land brought on by agricultural growth. The demand for food production is rising along with the world's population, and this demand frequently leads to the destruction of forests to make room for agriculture and cattle.

For example, the clearing of forest for agriculture and livestock has resulted in deforestation, which has caused ecological imbalances and the loss of biodiversity in the Amazon rainforest.

3. The excessive use of plastic materials has dire consequences for ecosystems.

Overuse of plastic materials entangles and kills wildlife, pollutes our rivers, lakes, and land, and releases toxic wastes into the atmosphere. Furthermore, plastic can leak dangerous poisons into the environment, endangering the health of people and animals alike.

For instance, marine animals like whales and dolphins may swallow plastic, which can clog their digestive tracts and cause hunger, or they may become entangled in plastic waste.

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Ex2 p119

One of the best ways to keep fit is doing physical activities, which contributes to reducing the risk of common diseases and improving overall well-being.

For instance, getting enough sleep, not skipping breakfast or doing the chores are effective ways to keep fit without effort.

Keeping fit may not help you prevent all the illnesses, yet it keeps you away from medical bills and pills.

People who give no attention to their health could develop obesity and heart disease.

Handout:

1. The convenience of air travel comes with significant environment drawbacks.

Besides the rapid speed and swift service, traveling by plane costs a lot of money and depends mostly on weather

For instance, national average cost of a domestic plane ticket is $382 and at least $1,167 for an international ticket.

The advantages of air travel are undeniable; however, the environmental impact of air travel, particularly in terms of carbon emissions, is a concern.

Flying can take a lot of time, especially if you're flying to a far-flung destination as it results in boredom and sometimes anger.

2. The widespread active of deforestation poses a grave threat to human and global diversity.

One of the reasons leading to deforestation is illegal logging, which refers to the unauthorized act of cutting down trees, transporting them, or utilizing their products, such as timber, for economic gain, despite being prohibited by law.

Deforestation weakens and degrades the soil, which makes it less resistant to erosions and extreme weather events. It also results in the loss of biodiversity and the emission of greenhouse gases.

Working to end deforestation and forest degradation while helping to restore lost forests is the best chance to solve these problems. We need governments that go beyond just creating policies, we need governments who are going to have much more ambitious ideas about how we can altogether save the green lands.

3. The excessive use of plastic materials has dire consequences for ecosystems.

When plastic dissolves, it releases tiny particles which eventually get washed into the water supply. These particles can cause deadly diseases if ingested in large quantities, and that is very harmful to sea creatures and human beings. Plastic also worsen the environment by contributing to water pollution and soil pollution.

For instance, in the ocean, plastic can kill marine mammals directly through entanglement in objects such as fishing gear, but it can also kill through ingestion, by being mistaken for food.

Making plastic packaging more expensive in order to encourage people to re-use or avoid it is considered to be an obvious solution to this problem. Governments should take action by enacting laws related to plastic usage so as to reduce the negative impacts on environment and residents’ health.

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ex2 page 119

- Topic sentence: Keeping fit is a great way for individuals to stay healthy, and too little exercise can lead to problems later in life.

Supporting sentence 1 (reason): Staying in shape is purported to be a notable way to build your endurance and strengthen your immunity system

- Supporting sentence 2(examples). An increase in life expectancy is a good case in point because the elderly believe that scheduled exercise brings about positive energy and good health for their life.

- Supporting sentence 3. Keeping fit on a daily basis can trigger an improvement in your mental health and emotional well-being

- Supporting sentence 4(examples):This is exemplified by reduced symptoms of anxiety and depression because exercise can be an efficacious tool in managing these conditions and boosting overall mental health.

Task2 : Writing

1. The convenience of air travel comes with significant environmental drawbacks.

Aircraft engines burn fossil fuels, primarily jet fuel, which releases various contaminants such as carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Therefore, these emissions exert enormous repercussions on global warming and climate change. Taking noise pollution as a typical example, airports and aircraft generate significant harmful sound, which can engender adverse implications for the well-being and quality of life of people living near airports.

2. The widespread practice of deforestation poses a grave threat to human and global biodiversity.

Many plant species in forests have medicinal properties to some extent. With overlogging, the potential for discovering new medicines and losing existing ones is compromised, which entails serious consequences for human health.

Besides, deforestation also gives rise to the destruction of natural habitats for countless plant and animal species. Due to the fact that forests are cleared for agriculture, logging, or urban development. As a result, a plethora of species are left with nowhere to live and are often driven to the brink of extinction.

3. The excessive use of plastic materials has dire consequences for ecosystems.

The production and disposal of plastic materials can result in the destruction of natural habitats through activities like mining for plastic production resources, landfills, and the construction of waste disposal sites. This disrupts ecosystems and can lead to habitat loss for numerous species. For instance, plastic pollution has its most conspicuous effects in the world's oceans, where millions of tons of plastic waste accumulate, posing a grave threat to marine life. Sea creatures often ingest plastic debris, leading to injuries or fatalities, and this pollution significantly disturbs the delicate equilibrium of marine ecosystems.

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test 2: page 119

Topic sentence: Keeping fit

supporting sentence 1: Keeping fit helps to reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and some types of cancer.

supporting sentence 2: for example, study found that people who exercised regularly were less likely to die from heart disease than those who did not exercise

supporting sentence 3: Keeping fit can help improve your mental health.

supporting sentence 4: Regular exercise can release endorphins, which have mood-boosting effects. It can also help to reduce stress and anxiety levels.

Task 2: Writing handout

1. The convenience of air travel comes with significant enviromental drawbacks.

Air travel is a major source of greenhouse gas emission, which contribute to climate. Air travel is a convenient way to travel long distance, but it comes with a significant enviroment cost. Aircaft emit greenhouse gases, nitrogen oxides, and other pollutants that contribute to climate change, smog, acid rain, and other enviroment problems. Additionally, the construction and operation of airports can have a negative impact on local air quality and wildlife habitat.

2. The widespread practice of deforestation poses a grave threat to human and global biodiversity.

The widespread practice of deforestation destroys habitats, displaces wildlife, and contributes to climate change, all of which pose a grave threat to human and global biodiversity. Deforestation is a leading cause of species extinction, threatening the livelihoods and well-being of communities around the world. For example, in the Amazon rainforest, deforestation has displaced indigenous communities and destroyed the habitat of countless plant and animal species. Additionally, deforestation contributes to climate change, which further exacerbates the loss of biodiversity.

3. The excessive use of plastic materials has dire consequences for ecosystems.

The excessive use of plastic materials pollutes our oceans, rivers, and land, entangles and kills wildlife, and releases harmful toxins into the environment. Plastic pollution is a major problem in our oceans, rivers, and land, and it is estimated that over 8 million tons of plastic enters the oceans each year. This plastic can entangle and kill marine life, and it can also break down into smaller pieces that are ingested by animals. Additionally, plastic can release harmful toxins into the environment, which can have a negative impact on both human and animal health.

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EX2 page 119

Keeping fit is a great way for individuals to stay healthy, and too little exercise can lead to problems later in life.

Exercise helps to strengthen bones and muscles as well as improve balance and coordination.

For example, the downward-facing dog pose is a weight-bearing yoga pose that strengthens the muscles in your legs, arms, and core. The pose also helps to improve your balance and hamstring flexibility.

However, too little exercise can lead to weight gain, which can increase the risk of chronic diseases.

Obesity is a major risk factor for many chronic diseases, including heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and some types of cancer.

Task2 – Writing handout.

1.     The convenience of air travel comes with significant environmental drawbacks

Aircraft engines emit a variety of pollutants, including nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and particulate matter. These pollutants can contribute to air pollution and smog, which can have negative health impacts on humans and the environment.

For example, nitrogen oxides can react with sunlight to form ozone, a harmful pollutant that can cause respiratory problems and asthma attacks.

The construction and maintenance of airports and air travel infrastructure can have negative environmental impacts, such as deforestation and habitat destruction.

For example, the construction of new airports often requires the clearing of forests and other natural habitats. This can lead to biodiversity loss and soil erosion.

2.     The widespread practice of deforestation poses a grave threat to human and global biodiversity

Deforestation destroys habitats for wildlife, leading to biodiversity loss. This can have a disastrous effect on ecosystems, as plants and animals that rely on each other for survival are forced to relocate or die out.

Many traditional medicines are made from plants that are found in forests. When these forests are destroyed, these plants can become endangered or extinct, making it more difficult for people to access traditional medicines.

Deforestation can also contribute to climate change, as trees absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. When trees are cut down, this carbon dioxide is released back into the atmosphere, contributing to global warming.

3.     The excessive use of plastic materials has dire consequences for ecosystems

Plastic can harm marine life in a number of ways, including entanglement, ingestion, and poisoning.

For example, marine mammals, such as whales and dolphins, can also become entangled in plastic debris, and they can also ingest plastic, which can block their digestive systems and lead to starvation.

Plastic pollution can also reduce biodiversity. When plastic pollutes ecosystems, it can harm plants and animals, and it can also make it difficult for them to survive. This can lead to a decrease in biodiversity.

A study found that plastic pollution can reduce the abundance and diversity of both marine and terrestrial animals.