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Primary prevention:

Implementing programs or activities to educate on the importance of mental health. these programs can address signs of depression or other mental health issues that can arise. This can lead to early detection and stress management to prevent certain mental health conditions from worsening or affecting the livelihood of individuals.

Developing screenings that could be implemented in communities to screen for mental health issues. this could guide individuals to get treatment and educate themselves if they are at risk for depression or other mental health issues.

Core Function: Policy development

Secondary Prevention:

Implementing free therapy or support groups for individuals who are already afflicted with a mental health condition. This can ensure that they get support and treatment outside of pharmacological methods.

Routine screenings for suicide or worsening of mental health symptoms to see how well they are being controlled. This can lead to prompt intervention and additional treatment if needed.

Core Function: Assurance

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Adult tobacco use and teen vaping- Rodiat Alase-Makanjuola

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Adult tobacco use and teen vaping- Rodiat Alase-Makanjuola

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Primary prevention-

-Preventing youth access to tobacco products

-Educating teens about the dangers of using tobacco products and e-cigarettes and educating the retailers about how they market the product.

-Offering teaching materials in Spanish and English.

Core function: Policy development and enforcement

Keeping individual retailers and corporate retailers accountable for underage purchases.

Enforcing against unauthorized flavored e-cigarettes that many appeal to teenagers

Warn companies about inappropriate labels that they but to attract teenagers.

Secondary Prevention:

Screening teenagers who have already started vaping and educating them to stop

Getting a chest x-ray done, some labs

Core Function: Diagnose and investigate

If they are showing consequences of vaping then we will need to assess them and also investigate what was their reason to start vaping and how to help them resolve that.

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Transgender care

Primary care:

Start by establishing a network of physicians that are educated and able to work with this population. They will then have an easier way of finding primary care providers so that they can get routine care. They will also feel safer and be more open about their care.

Core function: Policy development

Secondary Care:

Within that network you can provide screenings for abuse, suicide, and sexual transmitted disease. You can provide free or reduced cost therapy with providers within this network.

Core function: Assurance

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Primary Prevention: Implementing a community-wide education campaign about the importance of prenatal care, early pregnancy signs, and risk factors associated with poor maternal and infant outcomes. This campaign can include workshops, informational materials distributed in healthcare facilities and community centers, and online resources targeting women of childbearing age.

Core Function : This example aligns with the core function of Assessment by providing education and information to the community about prenatal care and its significance in promoting maternal and infant health. It assesses the knowledge gaps and raises awareness about the importance of seeking prenatal care early.

Tertiary Prevention: Advocating for policy changes at the local or state level to improve access to prenatal care, such as expanding Medicaid coverage for prenatal services, increasing funding for maternal health programs, or implementing laws to protect pregnant individuals from discrimination in healthcare settings.

Core Function: This example aligns with the core function of Policy Development by advocating for systemic changes to address barriers to prenatal care access. It involves developing and promoting policies that support equitable access to prenatal services and improve maternal and infant health outcomes.

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A public health issue or concern in my own community is access to care.

2 levels of prevention:

Primary prevention -

-Organizations can expand their office hours. So there is no longer limited appointment availability.

-Health education and promotion programs - programs that encourage healthy eating and physical activity in the community. Meal delivery programs and transportation to social services.

-Helping the community with routine checkups and vaccinations.

Core function: assessment

Tertiary prevention -

-Management of diseases and illness.- Making tele health appointments available for patients that have an illness.

-Making screening programs available.

-Providing education in the community- Coming up with interventions to prevent further complications of an illness.

Core function: Policy development

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Prevention Level 1: Primary Prevention

Example: Establishing community centers that offer English language classes, job training programs, and cultural integration activities to help immigrants adapt to their new environment and reduce social isolation. This intervention focuses on addressing social determinants of health and promoting community engagement, which can prevent potential health disparities among immigrants.

Core Function: Policy Development- By advocating for policies that support the establishment of community centers and integration programs, health professionals can influence systemic changes to promote immigrant health and well-being.

Prevention Level 2: Tertiary Prevention

Example: Collaborating with local healthcare providers to offer culturally sensitive healthcare services and preventive screenings tailored to the specific needs of immigrant populations. This can help in early detection and management of health conditions, reducing the burden of diseases and promoting better health outcomes.

Core Function: Assurance- Ensuring access to healthcare services and preventive screenings for immigrants aligns with the core function of assurance, which involves providing essential health services to all members of the community, regardless of their background or status.

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Childhood Obesity-Taylor Johnson

Levels of Prevention: Primary and Secondary Prevention

1.      Primary Prevention involves a combination of strategies for healthy eating, physical activity, and behavior changes. Key initiatives might include limiting processed food and high-calorie drinks. With the encouragement of 60 minutes of physical activity daily, limit screen time, ensure adequate sleep, encourage familial support, and support nutritional school and community programs.

Core Function: Policy development. The ability to inform, educate, and empower the public, students, and parents to maintain a healthy diet and weight.

2.     Secondary prevention strategies for childhood obesity focus on early detection for children who are at risk or already overweight or obese. Key strategies are associated with screening and detecting children and adolescents who are overweight and obese with required physicals and health screenings, educational support to students and families about healthy eating habits and the importance of physical activities, school-based programs promoting healthy eating and physical activity, policy advocacy which allows for the advocacy for the promotion of more nutritious school lunches, physical activity, and more opportunities throughout the school day for activity. Discussions with parents may warrant a phone call for a referral for at-risk students, where school nurses can refer to appropriate resources such as dietitians or other pediatric and weight experts within the area.

Core Function: Assessment. Monitor Health. The nurse assesses and screens for childhood obesity while monitoring the student for worsening complications, with the ability to refer to appropriate resources if necessary. Early intervention remains key, yet school nurses remain a unique bridge between identifying at-risk students and providing necessary support and resources for aiding in potentially helpful treatment.

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In my community currently I see a lot of homelessness people, including immigrants from shelters.

Primary Prevention: To reduce risk factors and helping build protection. These include poverty reduction, early childhood supports, and creating greater equality. In making affordable housing, affordable childcare and other resources like pensions and subsidized housing.

Secondary Prevention: If you know you are having trouble with rent or having a place to stay, look for resources, reach out to others, seek to speak to someone who can help. To avoid evictions, making any sort of payment so the landlord understanding you are trying but other complications may arise.

Tertiary Prevention: not to have to experience homelessness again. To find resources and stability in affordable housing.

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A public health concern within my community is obesity. An example of primary prevention for obesity would be to form exercise programs for individuals to take part in. It would also be beneficial to educate on healthy food choices as primary factors for obesity include lack of exercise and poor food choices.

Core function: policy development through informing, educating, and empowering.

Secondary prevention for obesity would be to provide free health screenings. Since obesity leads to many other complications such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and some types of cancer, screenings for these diseases would be a form of secondary prevention.

Core function: assessment through monitoring health.

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Primary Prevention

Communities can promote health equity by adopting policies and programs that support equitable access to quality and affordable health services such as education, transportation, and child care.

Secondary Prevention

Establishing screenings and questionaries for those in the community on ways access to healthcare can be more inclusive for those who don't have insurance.

Providing free health services for those who do not have health insurance and provide care to those who do not have the needs to travel to get care like the homeless population.

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A common public health concern in my community is substance abuse.

Primary Prevention

A primary prevention strategy that can help aid in my communities substance abuse issue is organizing/providing

in-school and out of school programs for youth that focuses on education to prevent substance abuse

and focus on wellness. The core concept this associates with is assurance (supporting youth population)

Tertiary Prevention

A tertiary prevention strategy to aid in death or suffering in substance abuse users is the use of

pharmacological interventions such as methadone clinics to aid in detox and rehabilitation. The core concept

this associates with is also assurance (support service).

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Homelessness in the Community - Abby Medford 

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Homelessness in the Community - Abby Medford 

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A public health concern in my community is homelessness. An example of primary prevention for homelessness could be providing access to more addiction/mental health support for those who are at risk of becoming homeless. This could be associated with the Core Function of assessment by addressing possible root causes. Secondary prevention related to homelessness could be opening up more resources such as soup kitchens and food pantries for those who are close to losing their home. This example may be associated with the Core Function of assurance, creating more access to resources.

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High obesity rates in the community: Chelsea Julca

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High obesity rates in the community: Chelsea Julca

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1. Primary prevention: Providing free nutritional programs for the community. These programs would educate the community on healthier food options, meal preparation and benefits of exercise. The purpose is to prevent individuals from leading an unhealthy lifestyle and contributing to the high obesity rates. Associated core function: Assurance. This is providing a service that increases access to optimize health.

2. Secondary: Provide low-cost screening for heart disease, diabetes and hypertension. It would screen overweight patients because they are at risk for these other diseases. This program would be in collaboration with local health department. Associated core function: Assessment. This screening service prioritizes a targeted population who are at risk for other diseases.

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1. Primary Prevention: Activities such as youth groups and education to prevent substance abuse assist in forming support and relationships to decrease the number of mental health disorders in the community.

Core Function: Policy Development

1. Secondary Prevention: When an individual already has a mental health disorder, early detection is essential for prompt intervention. Screening for things such as suicide can be de-escalated by talking to a trained professional.

Core Function: Assurance

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Primary Prevention- Providing services would include providing programs to help prevent homelessness. Some services that can be implemented would be affordable housing, housing subsidies, effective job-training programs, preventative health care services and counseling programs. There are so many reasons people become homeless and these are some programs that can help intervene in helping people. The core function used is policy development.

Secondary Prevention- Can help with the early stages of homelessness by helping people retain their housing or finding new accommodations. This can be done with mediating with the landlord to delay an eviction or providing a safe alternative for people who are seeking shelter. It can also include housing subsidies, soup kitchen and meal sites, and comprehensive physical and mental health services. The core function of used is Assurance.

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1. Primary Prevention:

Implementing school-based prevention programs that educate students about the risks and consequences of substance abuse, promote positive decision-making skills, and foster resilience.

Associated Core Function: Policy Development (Inform, Educate, Empower)

2. Secondary Prevention:

Developing and implementing routine screening and early intervention programs in healthcare settings to identify individuals at risk of substance abuse.

Associated Core Function: Assessment (Diagnose and Investigate)

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Substance abuse is the harmful use of psychoactive substances, which includes alcohol, prescription medications, and illicit drugs. It involves the consumption of these substances in ways that are detrimental to physical health, mental well-being, social relationships, or overall functioning. Substance abuse may lead to addiction, dependence, impaired judgment, legal issues, health problems, and strained interpersonal relationships. It is a public health concern due to its widespread impact on individuals, families, and communities. An example of primary prevention for substance abuse could be implementing community-wide education and awareness campaigns about the risks of substance abuse and promoting healthy lifestyle choices through schools, workplaces, and community organizations. Primary prevention can include workshops, seminars, and social media campaigns aimed at preventing individuals from initiating substance use. Tertiary prevention could be establishing support groups and rehabilitation programs for individuals who are struggling with substance abuse. These programs provide counseling, therapy, and access to resources such as detoxification services and medication-assisted treatment. By addressing the needs of those already affected by substance abuse, this level of prevention aims to prevent further complications and promote recovery.

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Substance abuse is the harmful use of psychoactive substances, which includes alcohol, prescription medications, and illicit drugs. It involves the consumption of these substances in ways that are detrimental to physical health, mental well-being, social relationships, or overall functioning. Substance abuse may lead to addiction, dependence, impaired judgment, legal issues, health problems, and strained interpersonal relationships. It is a public health concern due to its widespread impact on individuals, families, and communities. An example of primary prevention for substance abuse could be implementing community-wide education and awareness campaigns about the risks of substance abuse and promoting healthy lifestyle choices through schools, workplaces, and community organizations. Primary prevention can include workshops, seminars, and social media campaigns aimed at preventing individuals from initiating substance use. Tertiary prevention could be establishing support groups and rehabilitation programs for individuals who are struggling with substance abuse. These programs provide counseling, therapy, and access to resources such as detoxification services and medication-assisted treatment. By addressing the needs of those already affected by substance abuse, this level of prevention aims to prevent further complications and promote recovery.

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1. Primary: Ensuring understanding and educating on the risk factors of catching HIV. A CHN should teach about preventative medications, modes of transmitting the virus, and communicating honestly with sexual partners. Core Function: Assessment.

2. Secondary: Regular blood testing for HIV is necessary every 3-6months depending on the risk of the patient. Access to such services is usually available for free due to the Affordable Care Act which emphasizes the importance of preventative measures for disease. Core Function: Policy Development.

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Air Quality

1. Primary Prevention:

Implementing policies and regulations to reduce air pollution from sources such as transportation, industry, and energy production.

Example: Enforcing stricter emissions standards for vehicles and industries, promoting the use of clean energy sources, and implementing measures to reduce vehicle idling.

Core Function: Policy Development

2. Tertiary Prevention:

Providing respiratory health education and outreach programs for vulnerable populations, such as children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions.

Example: Offering asthma management classes, distributing air quality alerts, and providing resources for indoor air quality improvement.

Core Function: Education and Empowerment

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Access to Mental Health Services-Adriannah

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Access to Mental Health Services-Adriannah

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Primary Prevention:

Implementing free community based social, psychiatric, and counseling services that raise awareness to mental heath issues such as anxiety, depression, financial instability, manic disorders, drug use disorders, and situational traumas.

Secondary Prevention: Establish suicide prevention screenings to include identifying self harm activities and substance use activities. Providing free and assessable social services to the community that does not rely on insurance, detention, and immediate hospitalization.

Core Function: Diagnose and Investigate ( Assessment) and Link to services (Assurance) congruently.

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1. Primary prevention: Start by identifying the population at risk, and initiating a community wide educating process, promote free access to information via multiple pathways like pamphlets, social media, even bill boards to spread awareness of importance of vaccination usage and the risks of refusal. Using appropriate health literacy for general population understanding in order to decrease disease and transmission of illness.

Associated core function: assessment of the needs of the population and response to the information provided ensuring proper health literacy.

2. Tertiary prevention: Create free open forum classes to offer education and information, also to debunk bad information derived from poor sources of information. On site clinics with flexible hours of operation so the convenience is more available to working families. Providing transportation to on-sight clinic or even a traveling clinic to reach rural or underserved populations.

Associated core function: Assurance of having access to not only treatment but to education on why vaccines are a benefit not a risk.

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1. Primary Prevention:

Putting in place community education initiatives on immunizations, routine checkups, and healthy living choices are a few examples of preventive healthcare practices. The importance of this is early intervention and preventative measures in order to decrease illnesses and chronic problems.

Associated Core Function: Monitor health (Assessment)

2. Secondary Prevention:

Establishing routine screening programs for prevalent medical illnesses including diabetes and hypertension are examples of secondary prevention. These screening programs find people who may not yet exhibit symptoms but may be at risk of acquiring specific health issues. Early detection of these disorders allows for prompt management and treatment, which stops the disease from progressing to more severe stages and lowers the risk of consequences.

Associated Core Function: Diagnose and Investigate (Assessment)

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Obesity Epidemic

-Gabriela Avila

1. Primary Prevention: Implementing community-wide nutrition education programs to promote healthy eating habits and increase physical activity. This could involve organizing cooking classes, exercise workshops, and community gardening initiatives.

Associated Core Function: Inform, educate, and empower people about health issues

In primary prevention, nutrition education programs aim to prevent obesity by educating the community about healthy eating habits and the importance of regular physical activity.

2. Secondary Prevention: Establish obesity screening programs in local healthcare facilities and schools to identify individuals at risk of obesity or those already overweight. Subsequently, offering personalized counseling, dietetic support, and exercise plans to promote weight management and prevent further complications.

Associated Core Function: Assurance, to assure competent public and personal health care

Secondary prevention focuses on identifying individuals at risk of obesity or those already affected and providing interventions to prevent further complications.

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1. Primary Prevention

-Educating teens through going school to school and creating social events to better represent safe sex, contraception, and STIs.

-Core Function: Assurance (Making sure that this population has the proper education to prevent pregnancy and STIs).

2. Secondary Prevention

-Pregnancy screening and mobile clinics to assist this population if they are unsure and uninsured to get checked for pregnancy and help getting appointments set up and paperwork done if they are pregnant. Also shown all the resources available to them if they are unaware.

-Core Function: Assurance ( Giving access to healthcare for those uninsured and also those underage and undereducated on pregnancy.

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1. Primary Prevention:

Implementing educational programs in schools and community centers to raise awareness about the risks of substance abuse, promoting healthy coping mechanisms, and building resilience among youth.

Core Function: Policy Development (developing and implementing educational policies)

2. Tertiary Prevention:

Establishing support groups and counseling services for individuals struggling with substance abuse, providing access to rehabilitation programs, and offering resources for relapse prevention.

Core Function: Assurance (ensuring access to healthcare services and support)