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Frederick Griffith, an English bacteriologist, documented the transformation of a non-pathogenic pneumococcal bacterium into a virulent strain in his 1928 experiment known as "Griffith's Experiment." It enabled the identification of DNA as the genetic information's transporter.

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Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty published their experimental demonstration known as the Avery-MacLeod-McCarty experiment in 1944. The "transforming principle" responsible for the transformation phenomena was purified and characterized as the result of research conducted in the 1930s and the early 20th century.

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DNA may be the genetic material of bacteria, as opposed to protein as was previously thought, and could be comparable to genes and/or viruses in higher animals. It demonstrates the risks associated with applying science without having a genuine respect for people as a whole.

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The three-dimensional geometry of DNA was exposed in photograph 51. Deoxyribose nucleic acid, or DNA, was the subject of Rosalind Franklin's fifty-first X-ray diffraction pattern photograph. Following Franklin's passing in 1962, Watson, Crick, and Wilkins shared the Nobel Prize for their research on DNA. In the 1930s, researchers started compiling DNA X-ray diffraction patterns. At the time, diffraction patterns were hazy and challenging to discern.

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James Watson and Francis Crick's discovery of the double helix, or the twisted-ladder structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), in 1953 was a turning point in science and gave rise to modern molecular biology, which is primarily concerned with understanding how genes control the chemical processes within cells.