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What Killed Harry Houdini? - HISTORY

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For over 30 years, Harry Houdini dazzled audiences with his bravura stunts and superhuman endurance. The Hungarian-born escape artist jumped off bridges while handcuffed and wearing leg irons, slithered out of sealed milk cans filled with water, and devised a "Chinese Water Torture Cell" in which he was submerged and suspended upside down by his ankles. The heart-pounding getaways usually involved a healthy dose of trickery and sleight-of-hand, but they were also fraught with genuine risk. In 1915, Houdini nearly suffocated during a stunt in which he was shackled and buried under six feet of dirt.

Houdini had made a career out of surviving the impossible, which only made the circumstances of his 1926 death all the more mysterious. The 52-year-old performed before a packed house in Detroit on October 24, but was rushed to the hospital afterwards with an apparent case of appendicitis. He died just a week later on Halloween, leaving his legions of admirers bewildered. An obituary in the New York Times expressed shock at the sudden passing of the man "who so often had seemed to thousands to be cheating the very jaws of death."

Houdini's Final Performance

The strange series of events that led to Houdini's demise had kicked off several weeks earlier on October 11, 1926. While being shackled into his Chinese Water Torture Cell during a performance in Albany, New York, the conjurer was struck on the leg by a piece of faulty equipment. He hobbled his way through the rest of the show, but was later found to have sustained a fractured left ankle.

Against doctors' orders, Houdini continued his tour and traveled to Montreal, where he gave a lecture at McGill University. Just a few days later on October 22, he invited some McGill students to visit him in his dressing room at the Princess Theater. The magician's sore ankle was still bothering him, so he plopped down on a couch while the group chatted. At some point, a student named J. Gordon Whitehead arrived and asked Houdini if it was true that he could resist hard punches to his abdomen-a claim the magician had supposedly made in public. According to witness Sam Smilovitz, when Houdini said the rumors were true, Whitehead abruptly delivered "four or five terribly forcible, deliberate, well-directed blows" to his stomach. Houdini was still reclined on the couch and had no time to prepare for the punches, which appeared to leave him in considerable pain.

Houdini brushed off the incident at the time, but that same evening, he began to complain of discomfort and stomach cramps. His condition only worsened the next day, when he boarded an overnight train to Detroit for a new run of performances. The magician developed severe abdominal pain, cold sweats and fatigue, and his temperature rose to 104 degrees. A doctor suspected appendicitis and instructed Houdini to go to a hospital, but the performer insisted on taking the stage for his opening night show at the Garrick Theater. He proceeded to struggle through his routine before collapsing immediately after the final curtain.

The show would be Houdini's last. That same night, he was taken to a Detroit hospital and prepped for surgery. Doctors successfully removed his appendix, which was found to have ruptured several days earlier, but it had already poisoned his insides. Despite a grim prognosis, the magician clung to life until October 31, when he died with his wife Bess and his two brothers by his side.

The official cause of Houdini's death was listed as peritonitis caused by a ruptured appendix. At the time, the magician's doctors firmly believed that the illness was the result of the walloping J. Gordon Whitehead had given him during their backstage encounter in Montreal. Such cases of "traumatic appendicitis" are extraordinarily rare-one study found only a couple dozen instances over a nearly 20-year period-but in 1926, the diagnosis was widely accepted. Houdini's life insurance company was even forced to pay his wife a double indemnity for an accidental death.

Doubts Arise Over the Escape Artist's Death

Houdini was laid to rest in Queens on November 4, 1926, but rumors about his unusual death have persisted ever since. Many of the theories tend to focus on the magician's contentious relationship with Spiritualism, a pseudo-religion whose adherents once claimed it was possible to communicate with the dead through séances and mediums. Houdini, a born skeptic, had spent much of the 1920s on a mission to debunk the Spiritualists' claims and expose its top psychics as frauds. The crusade earned him several million dollars' worth of lawsuits and more than a few enemies, but at the time of his demise, he showed no signs of letting up. Just a few months earlier, he had testified in front of Congress in support of a bill to outlaw fortune telling in Washington, D.C.

Could Houdini's meddling have gotten him killed? In their 2006 biography The Secret Life of Houdini, authors William Kalush and Larry Sloman contend that the magician's death may have been a carefully planned assassination by members of the Spiritualist community. "If one were to suspect Houdini a victim of foul play," they write, "then the section of organized crime that was composed of fraudulent spirit mediums must be considered likely suspects." Kalush and Sloman argue that the Spiritualists had a history of poisoning their enemies, and they note that no autopsy was ever performed to confirm that Houdini's death was actually caused by appendicitis. "If someone were hell-bent on poisoning Houdini, it wouldn't have been very difficult," they conclude.

Considerable debate has also focused on J. Gordon Whitehead, the McGill student who supposedly delivered the potentially fatal gut punches in Houdini's Montreal dressing room. In the 2005 book "The Man Who Killed Houdini," author Don Bell floated a theory that Whitehead may have been in league with the Spiritualists, some of whom had previously threatened to kill Houdini or have him beaten up. Bell concluded that there was not enough evidence to connect Whitehead to any kind of criminal plot, but others have argued that he was an enemy agent who stalked Houdini during the magician's time in Montreal.

Was Houdini Murdered?

The true cause of Houdini's demise may never be known for sure, but the majority of scholars tend to dismiss the murder theories as mere speculation. For them, the more pressing question is whether Houdini's ruptured appendix had any connection to the stomach blows he received a few days earlier. While the evidence shows that such a condition is indeed possible, many consider it more likely that Whitehead's punches simply caused Houdini to ignore an already existing case of appendicitis. By the time the magician finally sought out treatment, the theory goes, it was already too late.

Interestingly, perhaps the most sought after source for information about Houdini's death is none other than Houdini himself. In what amounted to his ultimate test of the Spiritualists' claims, the magician promised his wife Bess that he would try to communicate with her from beyond the grave. Bess went on to hold an annual "Houdini séance" for ten years before finally abandoning the search in 1936. Fans and fellow magicians have since made the séance a Halloween tradition, but thus far, the great Houdini's ghost has refused to speak.
READ MORE: 10 Things You May Not Know About Harry Houdini

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For over 30 years, Harry Houdini dazzled audiences with his bravura stunts and superhuman endurance. The Hungarian-born escape artist jumped off bridges while handcuffed and wearing leg irons, slithered out of sealed milk cans filled with water, and devised a "Chinese Water Torture Cell" in which he was submerged and suspended upside down by his ankles.

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houdini died from his apendex bursting or he hurt him self from a stright jakect escape

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In 1914 his brother died 29 years ago. In 1915 his aunt sally possed away only lived longer than mom 1 year 7 months 9 days.

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Detroit bridge jump goes viral, but could land the driver in prison (freep.com)

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The 26-year-old driver who jumped the Fort Street drawbridge while it was opening - "Dukes of Hazzard" style - was charged Friday with reckless driving and with two counts of malicious destruction of property.

If convicted, Miguel Gomez of Allen Park faces a maximum sentence of up to 5 years in prison and a fine of $10,000 or up to three times the amount of the damage he caused to the bridge.

"These pandemic times have seemingly brought out the worst in many Michigan drivers," Prosecutor Kym Worthy said. "The rules of the road the same and there is no place for drivers who refuse to follow them and instead try alleged stunts like this."

Police said Gomez was eager to cross the Fort Street bascule bridge near Miller Road at about 7 p.m. Wednesday, stepped on the accelerator and flew through the air, landing on the other side.

It was not clear to investigators why he did it.

Miraculously, Gomez survived and his feat quickly went viral on social media.

But, he crashed through the bridge's security gate, wrecked his car, and ended up in jail.

He is expected to be arraigned Friday in 36th District Court in Detroit.

Michigan Department of Transportation officials said there is no surveillance video of the jump but, the drawbridge operator who witnessed it described it as a scene out of a movie.
Read more:
Man does a 'Dukes of Hazzard' over Fort Street bridge, survives uninjured
Rare conjoined twins, born locked in embrace, separated in Michigan
One police dispatcher even compared it to a scene out of the "Dukes of Hazzard," a '80s TV show and later a movie, in which an orange, 1969 Dodge Charger would flee from police and often take flying leaps.

The Fort Street Bridge, 176-foot span over the Rouge River, is regarded as something of an engineering marvel. It is the heaviest bascule leaf in the world and second largest by deck area, according to the National Steel Bridge Alliance.

It has one arm, instead of two, and looks a little like a castle bridge over a moat.

MDOT spokeswoman Diane Cross estimated the bridge repairs would be $50,000-$60,000. She called the stunt "very dangerous," adding that "all of us are lucky that no one was killed."
Contact Frank Witsil: 313-222-5022 or fwitsil@freepress.com

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Detroit's 'Dukes of Hazzard' bridge jumper charged, could face prison time and fines

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The 26-year-old driver who jumped the Fort Street drawbridge while it was opening - "Dukes of Hazzard" style - was charged Friday with reckless driving and with two counts of malicious destruction of property.

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Houdinis most famous tric is the Detroit Brige Jump. He jumped into a river with 2 hand cuffs on.

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In 1918 he said he and his wife don't cost more than €6 per week.

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Houdini broke out of Mathilda Gasse prisons prison gear.

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Houdini sold dangerous amounts of tickets for wintergarden

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Tickets to the Wintergarten were sold out days ahead : the police intervened to prvent more being sold.(Pg 91)

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After showing me the various wards, the small bars of the cell door, I saw a maniac struggling on the canvas padded floor, rolling about and straining each and every muscle in a vain attempt to get his hands over his head and striving in every conveivable manner to free himself from canvas restraint, chich I later on learned was called a straitjacket.(Pg 80)

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In 1908 an aritcle discribe him seeing straitjacket for the first time

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Oh he is fakeing it did not take all that effort to make his escape (Pg 81)

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Harry Houdini's greatest tricks revealed, from breaking out of handcuffs and straitjackets to hiding an elephant | Metro News

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The seemingly impossible stunts performed by master escapologist Harry Houdini have confused and delighted generations.

Breaking locks, escaping submerged boxes, getting out of straitjackets, the fiendish Chinese Water Torture routine - his feats were simply astounding.

Yet magic always has a simple explanation and, in Houdini's case, his methods were in fact far more ingenious and impressive than the trick itself.

The 52-year-old died on Halloween 1926, possibly as a result of one of his most famous stunts going wrong.

The explanation of his methods have cause outrage among the magic community, with many saying they still perform some of the tricks.

But, hey guys, some of these are more than 100 years old. Don't you think your paying audience deserves some new material?

At the risk of being sawn in half by the Magic Circle, here are ten of Houdini's greatest stunts - and how he did them.

1. Handcuffs: Harry Houdini could get out of any set of handcuffs. He often added a river or lake to the escape trick to spice things up a bit. People came to his stage shows with elaborate sets of their own, and the local police were encouraged by Houdini to try to keep him restrained. Twice it took him over an hour to free himself, but none ever succeeded in keeping him cuffed. Even specialty one-off handcuffs with a single bespoke key could not hold Harry.

What really happened: Many thought that he had trick-release stage cuffs but the truth was more simple - Houdini studied picking locks from a very early age. Sometimes he could just hit the handcuffs, at a certain angle and with enough force, for them to spring open. Other times a thin piece of string was enough to pull a screw from the locking mechanism and open it. Most times, however, he had a skeleton key hidden in the palm of his hand or sleeve. For the specialty handcuffs with only one key, Houdini would ask to inspect the cuffs and the key, secretly handing the key to an assistant - who would go back stage and choose a similar-looking key for Houdini's vast collection. Houdini would simply hand back the lookalike key before miraculously escaping using the real one.

2. Hanging Straitjacket Escape: Straitjackets are purpose-made to restrain people, so it was an eye-popping feat to see a man wrapped up in one, dangling high off the ground from a rope tied to his feet. Houdini was famous for this stunt, regularly performing a jacket escape while hoisted up in front of the theatre where he would be putting on his evening show. He did the stunt in public in a bid to swell audience numbers, and it worked.

What really happened: When the jacket was being put on, Houdini would: cross his arms so his dominant right arm was on top; breathe in a huge gulp of air to make his chest bigger; and pinch and grab the material of the jacket to take up any slack before it was buckled. Breathing out and letting go of the slack gave him a lot of room to manoeuvre, but it was a matter of using brute strength to pull his right arm over his head. Once he had both arms in front of him he would undo the straps and buckles with his teeth, or a cutting tool he had 'palmed' before the jacket was put on. Hanging upside down, while seemingly making the stunt more dangerous, actually helped Houdini perform the trick, because gravity worked in his favour. If all else failed, Houdini could create more room inside the jacket by dislocating his shoulder - but it's not something he wanted to do a lot.

3. Milk Can: This was Houdini's most enduring and dazzling escape. After audience members examined his milk can for sturdiness and any trick escape mechanisms, and watched it filled with water, Houdini asked the audience to hold its breath as he climbed inside and allowed the top of the milk can to be locked in place - many times with locks that audience members had brought with them. This took about a minute - a lot longer than most audience members could hold their breath. A curtain was pulled and, in what seemed like an impossible three minutes, a soaked Houdini would appear and show the can, its locks still in place.

What really happened: The top of the can, while made to look like it was riveted in place, could easily come away - but only when pushed up from the inside. Locks through eyelets in the top of the can would not be undisturbed while Houdini got out and put the top back on. He then waited a dramatic amount of time before revealing himself. Despite the relative simplicity of this illusion, it did mean that Houdini had to hold his breath inside the can for as long as a minute as the locks were being put in place.

4. Underwater Box: Combining a number of Houdini's strengths - handcuffs, locks, holding his breath - this stunt involved a handcuffed Houdini being put into a wooden packing crate. The lid was nailed shut, ropes and chains were added and locked in place, and then the crate was craned into a river, where it immediately sank. After what seemed like an eternity, Houdini would bob to the surface - free of the box and his handcuffs.

What really happened: Houdini was out of the handcuffs before the box was even nailed shut. The box not only had holes drilled in it so it could fill with water and sink quickly, it also had a hidden panel on one side which opened to allow Houdini to escape once the box was in the water, and then it was a matter of how much suspense he wanted to build before he surfaced.

5. Chinese Water Torture Cell: There's no evidence to suggest the Chinese ever used this as a torture method, but the title certainly put bums on seats. Houdini would be hoisted above a water-filled tank, his feet locked in wooden stocks, and lowered inside. The stocks were locked to the top of the tank, a curtain was drawn, and assistants then looked increasingly frantic as the seconds ticked past. Eventually, when all hope seemed lost, a damp Houdini would appear free from all bonds.

What really happened: It was more a matter of gymnastics than magic.The stocks 'restraining' Houdini were rigged so he could free his feet once the curtain was drawn. They were also hinged so he could get out of the tank and set the stocks back so it looked like they were still locked in place. On October 11, 1926, an accident while hoisting Houdini fractured one of his ankles.

6. Iron Stomach: Houdini famously said he could withstand any blow to the abdomen, and regularly invited audience members up to give him their best shot. No matter how hard they wailed on him, he seemed totally unfazed.

What really happened: There was no real trick to this. Houdini could prepare his stomach muscles to take the blow, and it was a combination of muscle control and fine acting to make it look like he was unaffected. The trick may have contributed to his death. On October 24, 1926 (13 days after fracturing his ankle) Houdini suffered a ruptured appendix when a fan repeatedly hit him before he had prepared. At the time, Houdini was in his dressing room lying down - not standing, as he had always done to prepare himself - because of his fractured ankle. The ruptured appendix led to the peritonitis that killed him a week later.

7. Metamorphosis: A breathtaking illusion performed by Houdini and his wife Beatrice. Houdini's hands were bound, he was put in a sack that was tied shut at the top and put inside a box that was strapped and padlocked shut. Beatrice would draw a curtain around the box and clap three times, at which point the curtain would fly open to reveal Houdini standing there. The box was unlocked and unstrapped, and the bag undone to reveal Beatrice inside, her hands tied.

What really happened: Houdini was a master with ropes and locks. His hands, and the sack holding him, were tied using simple slip knots. He was free of the ropes and sack while his wife was locking and strapping the box where he was 'trapped'. When the curtain was drawn, he slipped out of a panel at the back of the box and helped tie his wife's hands and the sack before she got inside. The audience thought it was Beatrice clapping her hands but it was actually Houdini before he opened the curtain. While he was undoing the straps and locks of the box, Beatrice made sure she looked as though she was trapped and bound inside. Harry and 'Bessie' practiced this trick so often they got their switch time down to an astonishing three seconds.

8. The needle/razor trick: It wasn't all about breaking locks and holding his breath. In a potentially lethal stage act (the needle version was mystically called the East Indian Needle Trick), Houdini would get audience members to examine as many as 50 sewing needles or razor blades and a length of thread before he put them all on his tongue and drank the lot with a glass of water. Following a bit of abracadabra-ry, he would regurgitate the needles/blades, perfectly strung along the thread - to the amazement of the crowd.

What really happened: Before the trick Houdini placed a packet between his cheek and teeth. The packet contained the needles/blades already attached to the thread with knots either side, so they came out evenly and did not accidentally stay in his mouth. The real trick was what to do with the loose needles/blades that he put in his mouth at the beginning of the trick. He would either spit them into the water as he pretended to drink, leaving enough water in the glass to hide the needles/blades - or deftly moved the needles and blades with his tongue between his other cheek and teeth until the end of the illusion. Needless (no pun intended) to say, it took a lot of practice to get it right.

9. Walking Through Walls: Houdini would perform his usual tricks as a team of bricklayers built a solid wall on stage. The wall cut the stage in half, was high and wide - it was impossible for Houdini to simply climb over or run around the front or back of the wall without the audience seeing. The wall was built on a large carpet that prevented the use of a trapdoor, and Houdini called up genuine audience members to hit the wall with hammers to prove it was solid. When the audience members sat back down, Houdini would position himself on one side of the wall and screens would be wheeled in. Almost straight away they would be wheeled back to reveal Houdini on the other side of the wall.

What really happened: Anyone who watched the recent Houdini TV drama starring Adrien Brody on Channel 4 will know how this one was done. The rug, instead of preventing the use of a trap door, actually hid a long trench in the stage. Once the trap door was opened, Houdini could pass under the wall via the sagging carpet and to the other side. The art was doing it quickly, so the audience literally did not have time to think about how it could be done.

10. Making an elephant disappear: Houdini did this incredible feat only once, but once is enough. Performed on January 7, 1918, at New York's Hippodrome Theater, Houdini had an elephant brought on stage and led it into a large cabinet. The cabinet was turned around so that the audience could see there was no escape route large enough for an elephant to get through and then, with Houdini suddenly firing of a stage pistol, the elephant simply vanished.

What really (possibly) happened: This one actually is a bit of a mystery, because the elephant cabinet, the Hippodrome Theater, and Houdini himself no longer exist. But those in on the trick - and, when an elephant's involved, there has to be a few - suggest that the stunt was all about audience perspective. The stage of the Hippodrome was very large, and the elephant cabinet was positioned at the back. Even those in the front rows didn't have a close-up view. The cabinet was supposedly square but was actually an oblong shape, and material that exactly matched the back curtain of the cabinet was connected by wires to a powerful spring-loaded roller that almost instantly pulled the material up to conceal the elephant behind it. Stage lighting helped to fool the audience's eyes, and when Houdini fired the pistol without warning, it distracted the audience enough to miss the material being pulled into place.

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Harry Houdini's greatest tricks revealed

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The seemingly impossible stunts performed by master escapologist Harry Houdini have confused and delighted generations. Breaking locks, escaping submerged boxes, getting out of straitjackets, the fiendish Chinese Water Torture routine - his feats were simply astounding. Yet magic always has a simple explanation and, in Houdini's case, his methods were in fact far more ingenious and impressive than the trick itself.

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He started doing strait-jacket release in front of everybody

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He struggled with the cuffs for more than an hour(pg 78)

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Early 1899 houdini but on some special cuffs and he tryed to break free for a couple hours and couldn't do it.

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"I started in the show buisness when I was a youngster, but my mother took me out and apprennticed me to a locksmith"(Pg 75)

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In 1906 hudni said he became an apprenticed to a locksmith. He found ways to open locks that he keeped secret.

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https://www.wildabouthoudini.com/2019/06/houdinis-secret-mind-reading-system.html

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The restoration of Houdini's 278 continues with some interesting finds being made. Among them is the discovery of old wires that, according to the homeowners, run "everywhere." Some of the wiring is copper and hand wrapped with thread. A lot of it runs under the floors of the parlor and garden levels. What purpose this wiring served is a mystery. But Houdini buffs might have an idea!

On February 8, 1925, Houdini invited a group of notables, including Ralph Pulitzer, to his home for an experiment in "telepathy." He was looking to debunk the claims of a man named Earl Balfour who claimed he could divine what had been discussed in a room when he wasn't present. The next day The Brooklyn Daily Eagle covered the event.

Houdini never revealed the secret of his mind reading feat. But after his death, his nephew, Louis Kraus, did. In doing so, he also revealed one of the secrets of 278. Kraus's lengthy explanation was reprinted in Houdini The Key by Pat Culliton. Below is a key excerpt:

"The whole house at 278 West 113th Street was wired. The room in which the committee sat was so completely wired that the least whisper was picked up and carried electrically to an operator concealed in the basement. The operator held a transmitter in his hand and repeated all he heard. His repetitions were carried by other hidden wires to the top floor, terminating in loops under the carpet. In this way, the spoken thoughts of the committee in New York, were actually carried to the magician, invisibly through wire and air, but the method was electrical not telepathic..."

So is this mysterious wire part of Houdini's secret mind reading system? I think it almost certainly is. And while a few pieces of wire needed to be removed, most of it will remain as a historic part of Houdini's 278.

UPDATE: The following is from a lengthy profile of Amedeo Vacca in the December 1947 The Linking Ring. In it Vacca says he was the man who wired the walls of 278 for Houdini's mind reading trick. It then says:

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Houdini's secret mind reading system uncovered?

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The restoration of Houdini's 278 continues with some interesting finds being made. Among them is the discovery of old wires that, according to the homeowners, run "everywhere." Some of the wiring is copper and hand wrapped with thread. A lot of it runs under the floors of the parlor and garden levels.

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He only got charged for walking on the grass for doing his dangerus tricks

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Houdini and his team did Mind reading routines when their buisness goes sideways.

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Houdini dicided that he would do whatt prometheus couldn't do free himself being chained to a high place

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Now they were hitting the low spots(PG 62)

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Houdinis went to some poor areas to do magic tricks.

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"Never forget that Houdini was a product of his early proffessional years. He though the freak world was normal and the straights were freaks" (pg 57)

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Houdini first professional friends are all very diffrent from others

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in 1894 houdini got marryed Miss bessie raymond

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He cut down on his professional enganements in order to give fee prformances at war benefits and for the soldiers in training camps and canteens.(Pg 34)

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1918 created Rabbis' Sons Theatrical Association . Did magic trick preformaces

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xOJBWw49064

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Metamorphosis Magic trick by Nigel Otermans| FAST MAGIC! Subtrunk illusion

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First trick made houdini propry preformed on stage he called Metamorphosis. First they bring a trunk on stage. Next a parter uses a screen to shorty hide herself.Then they switch places.

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He remarked "I expect the grim fiend is following me up with these tricks, and he may catch me some day yet" after escaping. (pg 5)

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When he turned 6 he seen a real magician

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On the 30th of june 1909 harry houdini jump cuffed into the North seas and survived.

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Brandon, Ruth. The Life and Many Deaths of Harry Houdini. Random House Trade Paperbacks, 2003.

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BIB

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