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Cognitive - Students will gather the equipment needed to carry out the experiment. Student will predict whether exercise has an effect on ones pulse - Students will observe the effect of exercise on ones pulse - Students will explain why exercise has a certain effect on ones pulse rate. Students will be able to identify the variables.

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Add some sodium chloride to a small volume of washing up liquid dissolved in water.

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Choose the plant tissue you want to extract DNA from - KIWI was chosen for this experiment

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Cut a Kiwi into small cubes and add the chopped kiwi into the beaker that contains salt/washing up liquid solution and stir the mixture

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Place the beaker in a water bath at 60 degree celicuis for 15 minutes. 

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Take the beaker out of water bath after 15 minutes and cool the mixture by placing the beaker into an ice water bath for 5 minutes stirring frequently 

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Pour the mixture into a domestic food blender and blend for 3 seconds on high speed

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Cognitive :
Student will organise their desk and gather the equipment needed to complete the experiment. Student will be implementing their lab skills by labelling test tubes and organisation of equipment throughout experiment. .

Metacognitive
Student will improve their knowledge of cognitive by taking notes through the experiment.

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Procedure to isolate DNA from a plant - Part A

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Procedure to isolate DNA from a plant - Part A

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To isolate DNA from a plant tissue

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Students will able to

describe the function of sodium chloride, washing up liquid, protease, and ice-cold ethanol in the isolation of DNA.

observe firsthand that DNA is in the food that they eat.

conduct the experiment to extract DNA and note why each step is necessary due to the complex organization of DNA in cells.

discuss why it is important for scientists to extract DNA from organisms.

explain how all living things contain DNA.

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Sit down on a chair and rest for a few minutes. Locate a strong pulse in your wrist. Using a stethoscope count the number of pulses per minute while at rest.

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To investigate the effect of exercise on the pulse rate of a human

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Why are the coronary arteries important? 

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Why are the coronary arteries important? 

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The coronary arteries are important because they supply oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle. The heart muscle, also known as the myocardium, is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body, and it needs a constant supply of oxygen and nutrients to function properly.

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Cognition - Students will organise their desk and gather equipment. Student will observe and note were structures of the heart are in their note books. Student will label and identify part of the heart. Student will identify the steps needed to find the semi-lunar valves.

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To dissect, display and identify the parts of the heart

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Students will be able to:

define 'dissection'

describe the steps in completing a heart dissection

distinguish between the ventral and dorsal surface of the heart.

identify different structures within the sheep’s heart – atrium/ventricle/septum/coronary arteries/tricuspid and bicuspid valves/ pulmonary artery/ semilunar valves.

draw and label the internal structures of the human heart

show the direction of blood flow inside the heart

state the purpose of the heart valves

describe the differences between the left and right side of the heart

appreciate the important of maintaining a healthy heart

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Guided

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Using the funnel and graduated cylinder find the volume of the ventricles. Are they the same?

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Using the funnel and graduated cylinder find the volume of the ventricles. Are they the same?

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The right ventricle is equal in size to the left ventricle and contains roughly 85 millilitres.

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1. The heart is placed on the chopping board with the dorsal flat surface facing down and the ventral surface facing up 

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1. The heart is placed on the chopping board with the dorsal flat surface facing down and the ventral surface facing up 

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BLUE BOXES - THE EFECT OF EXCERISE ON PULSE RATE OF HUMAN

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BLUE BOXES - THE EFECT OF EXCERISE ON PULSE RATE OF HUMAN

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Using stethoscope to listen to the lub-dub

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Using stethoscope to listen to the lub-dub

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Feel the interior or use the glass rod. How does it differ from the diagrams from JC?

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Feel the interior or use the glass rod. How does it differ from the diagrams from JC?

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In Junior Cert diagrams the wall of the left ventricle was the same width as the wall of the right ventricle. Using a glass rod to feel the inside of the heart - it is evident that the wall on the left hand side of the head is thicker and firmer than the right - this is due to the fact that the left hand side of the heart pumps blood out the aorta and all around the body hence the thicker wall

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2. The first cut opens up the left ventricle 

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2. The first cut opens up the left ventricle 

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Complete 15 push ups and count the pulse per minute immediately after last push up.

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Students will be able to :

identify the pulse and measure their heart rate in beats per minute (BPM).

to conduct an experiment to investigate the effect of different types of physical activity on heart rate.

use a stethoscope correctly.

locate a strong pulse in their neck or wrist.

count one pulse rate per minute.

understand the effect of exercise on heart rate.

recall that the average pulse for an adult at rest is 70 b.p.m.

discuss why exercise affects heart rate.

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Complete as many push-ups in 90 seconds and count the pulse per minute immediately after the last push-up.

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Compare the average resting rate with the rates after each exercise. Repeat experiment 2 more times with 2 different excerises

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Procedure to investigate the effect of exercise on pulse rate of a human

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Procedure to investigate the effect of exercise on pulse rate of a human

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Procedure to isolate DNA from a plant - Part B

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Procedure to isolate DNA from a plant - Part B

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Filter the mixture through a coffee filter paper into a second beaker. Do not add the foam from the top of the mixture to the filter paper.

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Guided

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PURPLE BOXES - TO ISOLATE DNA FROM PLANT TISSUE - KIWI

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PURPLE BOXES - TO ISOLATE DNA FROM PLANT TISSUE - KIWI

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Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a type of cardiovascular disease that occurs when the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart muscle, become narrowed or blocked due to the buildup of plaque (atherosclerosis).

When plaque builds up in the coronary arteries, the flow of blood to the heart muscle can be reduced or blocked. This can cause chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, and, in severe cases, a heart attack.

Risk factors for CHD include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, obesity, lack of physical activity, and a family history of heart disease. These risk factors can damage the inner lining of the coronary arteries and promote the buildup of plaque.

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Pulsation refers to the rhythmic expansion and contraction of an artery as blood is pumped through it by the heart. When the heart contracts, blood is forced out of the left ventricle and into the aorta, which then sends the blood to the rest of the body via the arteries. This creates a pressure wave that can be felt as a pulse in certain arteries that are close to the skin, such as the radial artery in the wrist or the carotid artery in the neck.

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3.  One should observe a thick wall when incision one is made on the left side of heart

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3.  One should observe a thick wall when incision one is made on the left side of heart

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Guided

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Place some filtrate into a boiling tube and add a few drops of protease enzyme to the contents of the boiling tube and mix well. 

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Pour some ice-cold ethanol onto the kiwi filtrate. DNA is insoluble in ice cold ethanol. The DNA forms white threads

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8. Aorta / Pulmonary Artery / Both Atrium 

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8. Aorta / Pulmonary Artery / Both Atrium 

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Carefully pouring food dye into the coronary artery  

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Carefully pouring food dye into the coronary artery  