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Laura Jane Addams was born in Cedarville, IL on September 6, 1860. She was the daughter of a senator and mill owner John Addams, and the sister of Alice Haldeman and 7 other siblings. Jane was a member of the privileged class and was able to attend college at Rockford seminary, an all-women's college.

Jane chose not to get married and was able to travel abroad after college. During one of her trips, she visited the Toynbee Hall in London, which was a Christian settlement house that was a community of young men helping and living with indigent Londoners. Jane was inspired, and enlisted the help of her college friend Ellen Gates Starr to create something similar in America.

Thus, Hull-House was born.

Addams began publishing essays and speaking publicly about her philosophy. She became very popular and involved with progressive campaigns including the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, the American Civil Liberties Union, and the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom.

Jane was an outspoken pacifist and refused to endorse World War I or America's entry into it. However, national patriotism was on the rise as America entered the war. Popular opinion in the nation did not agree with Jane.

With her pacifist views, Jane's popularity began to fall, and she became the focus of criticism. Specifically, Los Angeles Times wrote "If Miss Addams and her peace mission are a sample of women in world affairs, I want to take it all back. I am sincerely sorry I voted for suffrage." (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)

Another writer published that what Addams needed to correct her pacifism was "a strong, forceful husband who would life the burden of fate from her shoulders and get her intensely interested in fancy work and other things dear to the heart of women who have homes and plenty of time on their hands." (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)

The focus of Jane's essays turned to the nature of peace and war and she published several books solely devoted to these topics. In 1931, despite the ups and downs of her reputation, Jane Addams was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize "for their assiduous effort to revive the ideal of peace and to rekindle the spirit of peace in their own nation and in the whole of mankind" (Nobel Foundation Archive). Jane was the second woman to be awarded the prize.

Jane died in 1935 of cancer.

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digital archives from University of Chicago. A newspaper article discusses settlement houses and their impact. Hull-House is discussed on p. 13/18

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Jane wrote 11 books, numerous articles, and spoke publicly across the nation and even internationally.

Jane was a founder of the Chicago Federation of Settlements in 1894, and helped establish the National Conference of Charities and Corrections, which was later re-named the National Conference of Social Work. She was vice-president of the Campfire Girls, an executive board member of National Playground Association and the National Child Labor Committee, and chair of the Labor Committee of the General Federation of Women's Clubs.

Jane actively supported the suffrage campaign and the founding of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (1909) and in 1915 Jane served at The Hague as chairman of the International Congress of Women. She supported the founding of the American Civil Liberties Union (1920). Jane advocated for the first juvenile-court law, tenement-house regulation, an eight-hour working day for women, factory inspection, and workers' compensation. Jane spoke out for research aimed at determining the causes of poverty and crime.

Jane was the second woman to ever win the Nobel Peace Prize. She was awarded the prize in 1931.

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Peace and Bread in Time of War. Published 1922

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Peace and bread in time of war : Addams, Jane, 1860-1935 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive

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Hull-House was the first settlement house in the United States. Founded by Ellen Gates Starr and Jane Addams, it was established to offer social services to the surrounding poor immigrant community in Chicago--the Nineteenth Ward.

Hull-House was build in 1856, but as a settlement house was eventually expanded into a 13 building complex that spanned an entire city block. Facilities included a kindergarten, classrooms, libraries, art galleries, a theater, a gymnasium, a pool, and dormitories (NPS). The early residents held reading groups and sewing classes, delivered babies, nursed the sick, prepared the dead for burial, and occasionally sheltered young women from abuse (Gibbon, 2021). Over time these services expanded to include English instruction, adult education, and boys and girls clubs (Gibbon, 2021).

A majority of the staff were educated single women from middle and upper class families. Some lived at Hull-House and others commuted. Many Hull-House workers supported social and political reforms including women's suffrage, protective labor laws for women and children, and housing and sanitation problems. Hull-House became a symbol of progressivism and the reform movement that occurred between 1890 and 1920.

"Hull-House was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1965. It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1966" (NPS).

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Visit Hull-House at your own pace at the Hull-House Museum website:
Hull-House Virtual Tour — Jane Addams Hull-House Museum (hullhousemuseum.org)

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Virtual Tours of Hull-House

Jane Addams Hull-House Museum has partnered with Gail Borden Public Library District, Schaumburg Township District Library, Aurora Public Library, Arlington Heights Memorial Library,and Reaching Across Illinois Library System (RAILS) to pilot new virtual tours. Explore the two-floors of the Hull Mansion in beautiful 360-degrees. Hear from three guides by clicking the speaker symbols throughout the museum for a guided tour or simply click and drag or look around for a self-guided tour. Get an inside look at the scale model of the 13-buidling complex, see Jane Addams' Nobel Peace Prize, and so much more! For use on computer, tablet, phone, or VR Headset.

Looking for an educator-led tour for your classroom or organization? Click here for more information.

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Virtual Tours at Hull-House - Jane Addams Hull-House Museum

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Jane Addams Hull-House Museum has partnered with Gail Borden Public Library District, Schaumburg Township District Library, Aurora Public Library, Arlington Heights Memorial Library,and Reaching Across Illinois Library System (RAILS) to pilot new virtual tours. Explore the two-floors of the Hull Mansion in beautiful 360-degrees.

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Democracy and Social Ethics, published 1913

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Democracy and Social Ethics : Addams, Jane, 1860-1935 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive

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About Jane Addams and Hull-House. Jane Addams Hull-House Museum. https://www.hullhousemuseum.org/about-jane-addams

Gibbon, P. (2021). Jane Addams: A Hero for Our Time. Humanities, 42(4). https://www.neh.gov/article/jane-addams-hero-our-time

Jane Addams: Facts. The Nobel Prize. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1931/addams/facts/

Michaels, D. (2017). Jane Addams. National Women's History Museum. https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/jane-addams

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. (June 7, 2006). Jane Addams. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/addams-jane/

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. Jane Addams: American social reformer. Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jane-Addams

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Jane Addams, (born September 6, 1860, Cedarville, Illinois, U.S.-died May 21, 1935, Chicago, Illinois), American social reformer and pacifist, cowinner (with Nicholas Murray Butler) of the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1931. She is probably best known as a cofounder of Hull House in Chicago, one of the first social settlements in North America.

Addams graduated from Rockford Female Seminary in Illinois in 1881 and was granted a degree the following year when the institution became Rockford College. Following the death of her father in 1881, her own health problems, and an unhappy year at the Woman's Medical College, Philadelphia, she was an invalid for two years. During neither subsequent travel in Europe in 1883-85 nor her stay in Baltimore, Maryland, in 1885-87 did she find a vocation.

In 1887-88 Addams returned to Europe with a Rockford classmate, Ellen Gates Starr. On a visit to the Toynbee Hall settlement house (founded 1884) in the Whitechapel industrial district in London, Addams's vague leanings toward reform work crystallized. Upon returning to the United States, she and Starr determined to create something like Toynbee Hall. In a working-class immigrant district in Chicago, they acquired a large vacant residence built by Charles Hull in 1856, and, calling it Hull House, they moved into it on September 18, 1889. Eventually the settlement included 13 buildings and a playground, as well as a camp near Lake Geneva, Wisconsin. Many prominent social workers and reformers- Julia Lathrop, Florence Kelley, and Grace and Edith Abbott -came to live at Hull House, as did others who continued to make their living in business or the arts while helping Addams in settlement activities.

Among the facilities at Hull House were a day nursery, a gymnasium, a community kitchen, and a boarding club for working girls. Hull House offered college-level courses in various subjects, furnished training in art, music, and crafts such as bookbinding, and sponsored one of the earliest little-theatre groups, the Hull House Players. In addition to making available services and cultural opportunities for the largely immigrant population of the neighbourhood, Hull House afforded an opportunity for young social workers to acquire training.

Addams worked with labour as well as other reform groups toward goals including the first juvenile-court law, tenement-house regulation, an eight-hour working day for women, factory inspection, and workers' compensation. She strove, in addition, for justice for immigrants and African Americans, advocated research aimed at determining the causes of poverty and crime, and supported women's suffrage. In 1910 she became the first woman president of the National Conference of Social Work, and in 1912 she played an active part in the Progressive Party's presidential campaign for Theodore Roosevelt. At The Hague in 1915 she served as chairman of the International Congress of Women, following which was established the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. She was also involved in the founding of the American Civil Liberties Union in 1920. In 1931 she was a cowinner of the Nobel Prize for Peace.

The establishment of the Chicago campus of the University of Illinois in 1963 forced the Hull House Association to relocate its headquarters. The majority of its original buildings were demolished, but the Hull residence itself was preserved as a monument to Jane Addams.

Among Addams's books are Democracy and Social Ethics (1902), Newer Ideals of Peace (1907), Twenty Years at Hull-House (1910), and The Second Twenty Years at Hull-House (1930).

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Jane Addams | Biography, Accomplishments, Significance, Hull House, Books, & Facts

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Jane Addams, (born September 6, 1860, Cedarville, Illinois, U.S.-died May 21, 1935, Chicago, Illinois), American social reformer and pacifist, cowinner (with Nicholas Murray Butler) of the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1931. She is probably best known as a cofounder of Hull House in Chicago, one of the first social settlements in North America.