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The Heliocentric solar system is discovered-1543  

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The Heliocentric solar system is discovered-1543  

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During the time period of the Enlightenment, it was discovered by Nicolaus Copernicus, and challenged the views of the church at the time; leading the church to consider him a heretic. This later helped with many different scientific discoveries.

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The people of Great Britain shift from open field systems to enclosure systems of planting-1640 

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The people of Great Britain shift from open field systems to enclosure systems of planting-1640 

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As the people of Great Britain began to enter the agricultural revolution, they decided to shift from a system of open fields to closed in single owned farms.  This lead to an increase in factory jobs which is partly why the industrial revolution became such a success.

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Thomas Savery, an Englishman, invented the steam engine as a way to effectively pump water out of flooded mines and allow people to work longer hours and harder shifts. The steam engine helped to power the Industrial Revolution. Before steam power, most factories and mills were powered by water, wind, horse, or man. Water was a good source of power, but factories had to be located near a river.

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People begin to plant turnips as a way to give nutrients back into the soil-1750

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People begin to plant turnips as a way to give nutrients back into the soil-1750

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In 1750 people began to add turnips into their crop haul to add nutrients back into the soil, specifically nitrogen. This was discovered by accident, but led to a boom in food production. This helped with advances with agriculture and new farming techniques for the future.

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People begin to shift to specialized jobs-1769

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People begin to shift to specialized jobs-1769

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In 1769, people began to shift from the process of doing one job completely by themselves; to doing one specialized part of the whole task. This began the change to mass production, and began to kick of the industrial revolution.

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Legislative assembly is formed-1791 to 1792

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Legislative assembly is formed-1791 to 1792

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The people of France, in an outrage, form the legislative assembly. Under the constitution they limit the power of the king and force him to flee the country to escape the angry third estate. This revealed early stages of nationalism.

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King Luis XVI is executed in front of the public-1793

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King Luis XVI is executed in front of the public-1793

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During the French revolution, King Luis XVI, after trying to flee the country, was executed in front of the entire public.  The execution of King Luis XVI prompted that citizens wanted more of a input of their land.

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Napoleon Bonaparte, the 5'6 war general menace takes power in 1789, on the promise of order in the time of chaos that the French people had been experiencing. The people trusted his military mind to bring them order. Napoleon's ways of ruling the French empire affected the future of the whole empire and the way it was viewed by other nations.

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After Napoleon, the European nations decided to hold a meeting to determine how to create peace among the people after the rule of Napoleon. They joined to reorganize the states of Europe.   It served as a model for later organizations such as the League of Nations in 1919 and the United Nations in 1945.

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While trekking through Africa, Dr. Livingstone discovers quinine, a drug that can be used to fight against malaria, the drug that had been decimating the explorers who had been in Africa up until this point. This helped with future medical advancements.

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The Opium Wars arose from China’s attempts to suppress the opium trade. Foreign traders (primarily British) had been illegally exporting opium mainly from India to China since the 18th century, but that trade grew dramatically from about 1820. The resulting widespread addiction in China was causing serious social and economic disruption there.

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The Treaty of Nanking was a peace treaty which ended the First Opium War between the United Kingdom and China on 29 August 1842. It was the first of what the Chinese later called the unequal treaties. This was important because it never addressed to issue with opium, and it only benefited the British.

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The signing of the Treaty of Kanagawa- 1854

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The signing of the Treaty of Kanagawa- 1854

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The Treaty of Kanagawa was an 1854 agreement between the United States of America and the government of Japan. In what became known as "the opening of Japan," the two countries agreed to engage in limited trade and to agree to the safe return of American sailors who had become shipwrecked in Japanese waters. This treaty opened up Japan after so many years of being isolated.

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War in which a coalition of German states led by Prussia defeated France. The war marked the end of French hegemony in continental Europe and resulted in the creation of a unified Germany. The Franco- Prussian war allowed for the unification of Italy and Germany.

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The Berlin conference is held-1884 to 1885

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The Berlin conference is held-1884 to 1885

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The countries of Europe are beginning to become interested in the colonization of Africa, for its raw materials and vast amounts of land. Because of this, a conference is held; in which the European countries decide who gets what without contacting Africa at all. This was significant because countries didn't include the colonized countries at the meeting giving them no input.

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Conflict between Japan and China in 1894–95 that marked the emergence of Japan as a major world power and demonstrated the weakness of the Chinese empire. The war grew out of conflict between the two countries for supremacy in Korea. Korea had long been China’s most important client state, but its strategic location opposite the Japanese islands and its natural resources of coal and iron attracted Japan’s interest.

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The Open Door policy was a statement of principles initiated by the United States in 1899 and 1900. It called for protection of equal privileges for all countries trading with China and for the support of Chinese territorial and administrative integrity. The Open Door policy allowed for the U.S. to have relations with China for the first time, this includes trade ports.

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The assassination of ArchDuke Franz Ferdinand- 1914

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The assassination of ArchDuke Franz Ferdinand- 1914

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In June 1914, Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie traveled to Bosnia which had been annexed by Austria-Hungary for a state visit. On June 28, the couple went to the capital city of Sarajevo to inspect imperial troops stationed there. As they headed toward their destination, they narrowly escaped death when Serbian terrorists threw a bomb at their open-topped car. This had a big effect in history because it was one of the direct causes for the beginning of WWI.

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A message from the German foreign secretary, Arthur Zimmermann, to the German ambassador to Mexico proposing a Mexican-German alliance in the case of war between the United States and Germany, is published on the front pages of newspapers across America. The Zimmermann Telegram was the direct cause of the U.S. entering WWI, leading to shortly after the end of the war.

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On April 6, 1917, the U.S. joined its allies-Britain, France, and Russia to fight in World War I. More than 2 million U.S. soldiers fought on battlefields in France. Many Americans were not in favor of the U.S. entering the war and wanted to remain neutral. However, the U.S. eventually did enter the war.  The entering of the U.S. helped with the Allies win in WWI.

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In mid-February, the talks broke down when an angry Trotsky deemed the Central Powers’ terms too harsh and their demands for territory unacceptable. Fighting resumed briefly on the Eastern Front, but the German armies advanced quickly, and both Lenin and Trotsky soon realized that Russia, in its weakened state, would be forced to give in to the enemy terms. Negotiations resumed later that month and the final treaty was signed on March 3, 1918.

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The Treaty of Versailles was signed- 1919 

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The Treaty of Versailles was signed- 1919 

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The Treaty of Versailles, signed in June 1919 at the Palace of Versailles in Paris at the end of World War I, codified peace terms between the victorious Allies and Germany. The Treaty of Versailles held Germany responsible for starting the war and imposed harsh penalties in terms of loss of territory, massive reparations payments and demilitarization. This left Germany bitter which lead to the beginning of WWII.