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Formation of education in ancient times.

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Formation of education in ancient times.

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(From the Greek pictos - painted, painted and grammar - write; painted writing). These schools originated 7,000 years BC. in present-day Mexico.Some historical studies call this period the Mayan culture.

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About the fourth millennium BC. there was a unification of small states on the banks of the Nile. Thus arose the slave-owning state of Egypt, led by Pharaoh. It is during this period that two types of schools appear:

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About the fourth millennium BC. there was a unification of small states on the banks of the Nile. Thus arose the slave-owning state of Egypt, led by Pharaoh. It is during this period that two types of schools appear:

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Boys from priestly families studied. They studied hieroglyphs, writing, arithmetic, arithmetic, astronomy, astrology, and the ancient Egyptian religious cult. The term of study is ten years

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These institutions trained future Egyptian government officials. Strict discipline, corporal punishment and deep writing training

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China. Community, aristocratic and private schools (II millennium BC)

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China. Community, aristocratic and private schools (II millennium BC)

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They taught archery, songs and rituals, and later horseback riding, writing, and numbers. Training began at the age of 6. Later, higher aristocratic schools were opened, which taught public speaking, philosophy, religious morality, astronomy, medicine, etc .. The first private school in ancient China was opened by Confucius. It was in China that the examination for those who wanted to become a scientist or official was first introduced.

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Ancient Rome. Private, paid, grammar schools. School of rhetoricians (VI-V centuries BC)

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Ancient Rome. Private, paid, grammar schools. School of rhetoricians (VI-V centuries BC)

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For the poor there were basic private and paid schools , for the children of the privileged sections of the population - grammar schools. This is all due to the social stratification of the population . Children of noble parents studied in grammar schools. Students studied grammar, Latin and Greek, rhetoric. Only boys attended both types of schools.
School of rhetoricians. There the children of the nobility were preparing for state activities . They studied rhetoric, philosophy, law, Greek, mathematics, music. Tuition was paid. In the middle of the 1st millennium BC. private grammar and rhetorical schools were transformed into public ones .

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Education in the Middle Ages (500-1500 AD)

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Education in the Middle Ages (500-1500 AD)

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Europe. Monastic schools. Cathedral schools. (early 6th century)

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Europe. Monastic schools. Cathedral schools. (early 6th century)

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The Roman Catholic Church was a center of education and literacy. We can say that these are undergraduates, because they were very similar. Christian monastic schools, where monks taught classes. These schools were considered the center of higher education. Later x was supplemented by monastic schools. Only boys studied. The subjects were called seven free arts: grammar, astronomy, rhetoric (or language), logic, arithmetic, geometry and music.

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Italy, France, England. Medieval universities. The first high school (late XI - XII centuries)

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Italy, France, England. Medieval universities. The first high school (late XI - XII centuries)

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They studied art, law, medicine and theology. These universities evolved from much older Christian cathedral schools and monastic schools .
In 1120, she built and founded the first high school in Britain , Dunfermline High School, in Scotland. This emphasized the influence of the monastery and the development of events made for education .

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In the Ottoman Empire there were libraries, Islamic schools of mosques, medical schools, prestigious universities where the Koran was taught.
In India, China, Japan in the Middle Ages, such higher education is actively developing, where they create their prestigious universities.

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Development of education after after the 15th century

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Development of education after after the 15th century

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(15-19 centuries) The most important changes in education

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(15-19 centuries) The most important changes in education

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Europe. Most schools in this era were based on religious principles . They created free schools where they taught basic literary skills . Private independent schools appeared.
In Scotland, a church reform took place (1561) establishing the principle of a school teacher for every parish church and free education for the poor .
In Prussia, mass compulsory schooling began in 1800 to "give more soldiers and more obedient citizens."
Central and Eastern Europe
In Central Europe, the government's growing interest in education has grown .
The first governmental Ministry of Education was established in Poland . (Один тисяча сімсот сімдесят три)

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Create the famous University of London (1836)
Until the 18th century, universities published academic journals; by the 19th century, German and French university models had been created. In the 18th and 19th centuries, universities focused on science and served high-end clients. Science, mathematics, theology, philosophy and ancient history formed a typical curriculum.
In Germany, created the first department of pedagogy at the University of Halle (1770's)
London. 1884 An innovative educational conference was held, all European specialists were present.

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Development of education after the 19th century

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Development of education after the 19th century

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In the countries of the world began to pay much attention to education . Created reforms, educational institutions, various changes.
By the beginning of the XIX century. the vast majority of people in the world were uneducated . This became a major obstacle to the further development of industrial society . To overcome this negative phenomenon from the end of the XIX century . in Western Europe and America began to introduce a system of general compulsory primary education , and from the beginning of the twentieth century. - general compulsory secondary education. There were different types of schools: religious, secular, paid and free, primary, secondary, higher, public, private.

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In the XX century. in connection with the significant development of pedagogical science , some improvements were made in the education system - a clear differentiation of educational institutions, the introduction of international diplomas, for communication between teachers and students used the achievements of psychology .
For example, in Great Britain in 1918 a law was passed on compulsory education up to 14 years, and in 1944 - up to 15 years. The centers of higher education were the universities of Cambridge , Oxford, Edinburgh, and others, which at the same time became centers for the development of world science .
In addition to the UK, a high level of education was achieved in Germany and Belgium . Holland. Sweden, USA and others.
Nevertheless, most people on earth were left without education. Low levels of education were also characteristic of the independent countries of Asia and Latin America.