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Major Elements:

idea of bringing ghosts of dead and slaughtered Native Americans to vanish the white people, who had invaded their lands, Trance-inducing = focused on repetition and sung aloud, Great Spirit = Father Sky & Mother Earth, Eagle = finest and biggest part of Native American animal hierarchy (over bears and coyotes), Much of the language connects or distances readers (mostly white reading audience, mostly Native American listening audience), “our” connects the reader, “put him aside” distances the reader

Major Historical Events: Congress terminated the U.S. policy of making treaties with Native peoples as sovereign nations(1871),
Major Authors: Native Americans

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Time Period: Pre-colonialism
Dates: 1870s
Point of View: First Person
Themes:
Connection: During the time of Pre-Colonialism Native Americans were the main authors. One of the strategies used in these songs is the transition between native tongue and english. When being sung in front of a group the change in language connects the natives together and distances the “whites”, or foreigners. The resentment felt by the natives towards the whites can be seen towards the end of the song, “I have no more sympathy with him,” (23). This shows how the natives are done with the “White-skin (man)” (20), and acts as foreshadowing for the “Ghost Dance”.

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Time Period: roughly 1607-1775
Major Elements:
believed that God was working in their daily lives, educated and  rational thinkers
Major Historical Events:Salem Witch Trials (1692-1693)
Jamestown (1607)
Major Authors: William Bradford, John Winthrop, Anne Bradstreet, Jonathan Edwards,

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Time Period: Colonialism
Dates: 1741
Point of view: First Person
Themes: religion, Disappointment, Anger, sin, Wrath,
Connection:

In the excerpt from “Sinners In The Hands of an Angry God” the theme of anger and disappointment is present almost immediately. It seems as if the speaker is disgusted in what the reader has done previous. With statements like, “Your wickedness makes you as it were heavy as lead.” ( Edwards 2) almost attacking the readers character. We can also draw connections with the salem witch trials. Through his repeated questions, references to fire, and divine judgement you can draw connections to how people used to differentiate between good and evil.

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Time Period:  1776-1820s

Major elements: Deism, People are basically good (rather than innately evil), Reasoning leads to the truth, individual rights, Freedom

Major Historical Events: American Revolution (1775) Constitution of the United States (1789), Articles of Confederation (1777) Seneca Falls Convention(1848)

Major Authors: Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, John Locke, Abigail Adams, Elizabeth Candy Stanton

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“Declarations of Sentiments and Resolutions”

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“Declarations of Sentiments and Resolutions”

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Time Period: Enlightenment

Dates: 1848

Point of View: First Person

Themes: Women’s rights, individual rights, revolution

Connection:
Elizabeth Stanton speaks heavily on the women's rights movement and individual rights. Stanton writes, “The history of mankind is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations on the part of man toward woman” (8) to put emphasis on how corrupt things have been when it comes to fair treatment towards women. A connection is drawn with the American Revolution when she “quoted” “The Declaration of Independence,” adding in women to the famous quote, “We hold these truths to be self evident: that all men and women are created equal” (7) as she herself is trying to spark a revolution amongst women.

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Time Period:  1820s-1860s
Major Elements: Nature is the focal point, Nature represents independence and moral clarity,

Value of feeling and intuition over reason, Importance of individual freedom, Finding inspiration in nature/.     sin, human fallibility, evil, self-destruction, anti-utopian, judgment, punishment, anthropomorphized evil (Devil, demons, ghosts), natural world = decayed / ruined and evil

Major Historical Events:

Major Authors:

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Time Period: Romanticism/Dark Gothic Romanticism

Point of View: First Person

Themes: Supernatural, death, afterlife
Connection:

In Edgar Allen Poe’s “The Raven”, a Connection can be drawn with Dark Romanticism through his dark tone and references to anthropomorphized evil. Poe writes, “Back into the chamber turing, all my soul within me burning,” (Poe 31) he also uses the words like ghost giving the poem a dark feel/tone. A connection is drawn between “The Raven” and the death of Edgar Allen Poe’s family. Poe first lost his parents at a young age, then losing his wife later in life. This is connected to the dead women Lenore Poe references, “sorrow for the lost Lenore-” (10)

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Years: (1820s-1865) or 1841 (Douglass’s Narrative) or pre-1865

Major Elements: truth about slavery, To encourage the abolition of slavery, To provide, religious inspiration, To assert the narrator’s personhood, To challenge stereotypes about blacks

Major Historical Events: Abolition Movements: British Carribean(1770s-1830s), United States(1830s-1870) Evangelical religious movements of the 1830s The 13th Amendment adopted December 18, 1865, officially abolished slavery

Major Authors: Frederick Douglass

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“Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass”

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“Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass”

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Time Period: Slave narrative

Dates: set pre 1845/ published May 1, 1845

Themes: truth about slavery, To encourage the abolition of slavery
Connection:

Frederick Douglass’s Narrative explorers first hand how slaves were mistreated. Douglass writes, “the cheerful spark that lingered about my eye died; the dark night of slavery closed in upon me; and behold a man transformed into a brute!” (Douglass 38) revealing the truth about how slavery had changed him. Along with this a connection to abolition movements is made. Douglass writes, “and never felt happier than when in an anti-slavery meeting. Seldom In had much to say at the meetings,” (69) Douglass became more involved in anti-slavery, and has much he wants to say during these meeting as he is passionate about the subject.

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Years: 1840s-1860s

Major Elements: Nature/Importance of nature, Self-trust/confidence, individuality/nonconformity/free thought, simplicity

Major Historical events: Gold Rush (1848) Whitman suffers stroke (1873) Emily meets Reverend Charles Wadsworth(1860) Thoreau was invited to live with his friend(1841)

Major Authors: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, William Cullen Bryant, James Russell Lowell, Oliver Wendell Holmes, John Greenleaf Whittier, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Margaret Fuller, Henry David Thoreau, Walt Whitman, Emily Dickinson

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Time Period
Dates: unknown
Themes: Nature
Connection: In Henry David Thoreau's, "I AM a Parcel of vain Strivings Tied" he frequently mentions things found in nature such as roots, branches, and weeds. For example he writes, "A bunch of violets without their roots," (Thoreau 7) This theme of nature is present throughout, and can be connected to when he chose to move into the woods by himself for two years. This isolation changed the way he viewed people and his works. He began to incorporate self truth and nature into many of his works.

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Years: roughly 1901-1950

Major Elements: loss of faith / doubt, fragmentation of belief, globalization, isolation / alienation, technological advancements (rapid-firing machine guns, trench warfare, science fiction), "moral degradation" (bootlegging, flappers), urbanization

Major Historical Events: World War I (1914-1918), The Great Depression (1929-1939), World War II (1939-1945, America entered 1941), the Holocaust (1941-1945), Harlem Renaissance (1918-1937), airplanes (1903)

Major authors: F. Scott Fitzgerald, Zora Neale Hurston, Gertrude Stein, Ralph Ellison, Ernest Hemingway, William Faulkner, etc.

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Time Period: Modernism
Dates: Published in 1925 & Set in 1922
Point of View: First person
Themes: Society and Class, Love, The American Dream, Wealth, the Past, Greed

Connection: Alienation/isolation is one of the major elements portray . Many of the guests present at Gatsby’s parties do not even know Gatsby, causing rumors to spread. Many of his guests say things like, "’Somebody told me they thought he killed a man once’" ( Fitzgerald 44). No one knows who Gatsby is but everyone has an opinion about him, forcing him to feel isolated. We can also see a connection in the novel to World War I through Gatsby and Nick. Both of them fought during their first interaction where Gatsby asks Nick, “‘Weren’t you in the third Division during the war?’” (47).