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B3. Who owns any work that you do while you are at The University of Manchester?

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B3. Who owns any work that you do while you are at The University of Manchester?

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1. Student
As a student, you will automatically own the copyright to any original work you have created excluding third-party material. This includes essays, dissertations, projects, exam scripts, and assignments.
However, as a student, you grant the University a license to use your work for administration, promotional, and teaching purposes.

2. Employee Work
As an author normally you own the copyright in the material you have created. However, on some occasions in which the material has been created by an employee in the course of their employment, the employer is the first owner of copyright for the work unless there is an agreement to the contrary.

3. Research/ Scholarly Work
If your paper has already been published, you will probably have signed an agreement transferring copyright to the publisher. If your paper has not yet been submitted to a journal you, as an author, retain the copyright unless you have made other arrangements with a funder or sponsor. The University generally does not assert copyright in respect of research related materials.

Yerassyl

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1) What is it?

A patent is something that gives an inventor the right to stop others from using their invention. If someone actually tries to use the inventor's work, then the inventor can sue that person in court.

2) How to obtain it?
It involves filling in an application with the help of a patent attorney. It takes about 18 months on average just to review the application.  It may take up to years depending on the countries the inventor wants a patent in. If the owner wants a European patent, for instance, it may take 2 more years to issue it.

3)What does it apply to?
It applies to anything that's innovative and not just a modification of something that already exists. Moreover, it applies to physical inventions rather than scientific or  theories or musical works. For example, you can obtain a patent for a new machine invention or some new medicine.

4)Where in the world is it valid?
The exclusive patent rights are only applicable in the country or region in which a patent has been filed and granted, in accordance with the law of that country.  So it really just depends on which country's patent application you filled up. If the owner wants a European or International patent , for instance, it may take longer than 2 years to issue it.

5)How is it enforced?
Once the right is issued, it's up to the owner to enforce it. In most cases, the inventors start by negotiating with an infringer and make agreements to pay a licensing fee to use the owner's work.  They do this because overall the process of obtaining a patent is very lengthy and expensive.

Amal

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1.  An intellectual property right.

2. Gives protection to the owner of the rights to original work.

3. Individuals may need to seek permission before using the original work.

4. Automatically exists when original expressions of ideas are recorded.

5. Varies depending on the context (Student work, Employee work, Research, Social media).

6. Protecting your work: mark your material with the international copyright symbol when you publish it online.

7. Copyrights protect:

Films.

Broadcast.

Artistic work.

Original dramatic work.

Lasts 70 years following the death of the work's author.

Khawla

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1. What is it?
It is when intellectual property is free to be used, modified or distributed on the condition that any work that results from it is required to have the same conditions. eg. Open-source project like GNU/Linux

2. What do you need to do to obtain it?
You have to first state it is copyrighted and then add distribution conditions that gives people the right to modify, use and redistribute the intellectual property.

3. What can it be applied to?
It can be applied to works ranging from computer software, to documents, art, scientific discoveries, and patents.

4. Where in the world it is valid?
It is valid in most countries, however, in some, it is unenforceable and laws used for copyleft licenses vary from country to country.

5. How is it enforced?
Copyleft licenses make use of existing rules and laws around copyright in order to be provided. For example, people who contribute to a work under copyleft must gain, defer or assign copyright holder status.

Suleman

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Wikipedia has no significant legal restriction on people's freedom to:

use the content and benefit from using it,

study the content and apply what is learned,

make and distribute copies of the content,

change and improve the content and distribute these derivative works.

The content in Wikipedia is an open content which basically describe any work that others can copy or modify freely by attributing to the original creator, but without needing to ask for permission. As each edit page clearly states:

Work submitted to Wikipedia can be edited, used, and redistributed—by anyone

Wikipedia is a volunteer-run project, it cannot constantly monitor every contribution. Which means that it is not a reliable source for citation.

It can be great for:
1- Getting background information

2- Generating keywords and search terms

Fatimah

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B1. Who own content that you upload to social networking sites?

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B1. Who own content that you upload to social networking sites?

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It is still yours.

“Content that you create and then post to Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, YouTube or anywhere else is still yours. By posting it online you or your children have made it easier for people to infringe your rights by copying your content, but you haven't given up those rights.”

----What does this mean for you now?

It means you are the only person who has the right to copy, reuse, sell, or change it, and you are the only person who can give others permission to use your work.

----What might this mean for you in the future?

It is an invisible product you own. So you may sell them in future or authorize other to use them. The way you can make money.

----Does knowing change your thinking at all?
Yes, those information notice me that we should collect the idea we put on internet and those may useful for us in future. Also, we should respect to the content on the network site that posted by others. We should use them with authority.

Shang