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Threshold 1: The Big Bang (13.7 billion years ago)

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Threshold 1: The Big Bang (13.7 billion years ago)

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The Big Bang led to the creation of the whole universe. It provided us with the raw materials for everything around us today.

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Threshold 2: The Stars Light Up (380,000 later)

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Threshold 2: The Stars Light Up (380,000 later)

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The Universe was dark and cold until a few atoms of hydrogen and helium got together and a star was born. With the birth of the first stars, a fantastic chain of events occurred that enabled a diversity of elements and chemistry.

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Threshold 3: New Chemical Elements (12.7 billion years ago)

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Threshold 3: New Chemical Elements (12.7 billion years ago)

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When large stars died, and exploded into massive supernovae. This event scattered all the elements of the periodic table throughout the Universe.

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Threshold 4: Earth & Solar System (4.5 billion years ago)

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Threshold 4: Earth & Solar System (4.5 billion years ago)

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The creation and evolution of life on Earth. The first evidence of life was discovered on this planet. We can only study life on our one planet.

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Threshold 5: Life on Earth (3.8 billion years ago)

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Threshold 5: Life on Earth (3.8 billion years ago)

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The creation and evolution of life on Earth. All this happened so long ago that we only study life on our planet. Also we see the evolution of our ancestors.

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Threshold 6: Humans and Collective Learning (200,000 years ago)

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Threshold 6: Humans and Collective Learning (200,000 years ago)

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Man evolved to become one of the main change on Earth's surface. We still don't understand what makes us so different from other living creatures.

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Threshold 7: Agriculture (11 thousand years ago)

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Threshold 7: Agriculture (11 thousand years ago)

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Humans began farming and developed new and more complex ways of living. Agriculture was a way to increase the amount of the sun's energy that was used by us. This energy bonanza led to the creation of villages, of cities and of huge agrarian civilizations.

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Democritus (370 B.C-460 B.C) was a greek philosopher that said all matter is mad up of tiny particles called atoms, he said that they were divisible.

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Robert Boyle (1627–1691) was an Anglo-Irish natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, and inventor. He discovered that the volume of a gas decreases with increasing pressure and vice versa, the famous Boyle's law.

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Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier(1743-1794), was a French nobleman and chemist who established the law of conservation of mass.

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John Dalton (1766-1844) was an English chemist, physicist, and metrologist; known for introducing the atomic theory and that all elements are composed of tiny particles called atoms.

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Amedeo Avogadro (1776-1856) was an Italian scientist, most noted for his contribution to molecular theory now known as Avogadro's law, which states that equal volumes of gases under the same conditions of temperature and pressure will contain equal numbers of molecules.

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Threshold 8: The Modern Revolution (200 years ago)

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Threshold 8: The Modern Revolution (200 years ago)

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We call it the modern revolution because it created the world we currently live in. Globalization, increased innovation and new energy sources allowed us to build the largest and most complex societies that had ever existed.

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Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev (1834-1907) was a Russian chemist and inventor, he formulated the Periodic Law and created a new version of the periodic table of elements.

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Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) was a French chemist and microbiologist. He discovered that microorganisms cause fermentation and disease.

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Eugen Goldstein (1850-1930) observed a cathode-ray tube in 1886 and found rays traveling in the opposite direction. Later, identified as positive charged ions called protons.

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J. J Thomson (1856-1940) was a British physicist and Nobel Laureate in Physics, used the cathode ray tube to discover electrons.

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Pierre Curie (1859-1906) was a French physicist, a pioneer in crystallography, magnetism, piezoelectricity, and radioactivity. Pierre and Marie Curie discovered the strongly radioactive elements polonium and radium, which occur naturally in uranium minerals.

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Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck (1858-1947), was a German theoretical physicist, who discovered the quantum of action now known as Planck's constant.

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Albert Einstein (1879-1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist, and he mathematically proved the existence of atoms.

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Robert Millikan (1868-1953) was an American experimental physicist, who precisely determined the magnitude of the electron's charge.

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Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937) was a New Zealand-born British physicist, who discovered the nuclear structure of the atom, discovered alpha and beta rays, and proposed the laws of radioactive decay.

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Niels Bohr (1885-1962) was a Danish physicist who proposed a model of the atom in which the electron was able to occupy only certain orbits around the nucleus.

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Henry Moseley (1887-1915) was an English physicist, he discovered a systematic relation between wave- length and atomic number.

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Erwin Schrödinger (1961-1887), was a Nobel Prize-winning Austrian-Irish physicist who formulated a wave equation that accurately calculated the energy levels of electrons in atoms.

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Werner Karl Heisenberg (1901-1976) was a German theoretical physicist and one of the key pioneers of quantum mechanics. He proposed the "uncertainty relation".

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Sir James Chadwick (1891-1974), was a British physicist who  proved the existence of neutrons.

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Irène Joliot-Curie (1897-1956) was a French chemist, physicist, and a politician of partly Polish ancestry. Along with her husband, Frédéric, she discovered the first-ever artificially created radioactive atoms.

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This is a time where fossil fuels were no longer the prime source of energy used to power human society. It also talks about new ideas and future technology.