# data[].attributes.body
Cavitating left lung lesion with hilar lymphadenopathy and possible brain/lung mets

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Thematic Case Reviews

In these thematic reviews, the organisation and presentation of cases will be based on the latest educational research, including literature exploring the role of expertise in radiologic image interpretation; how to promote active learning in radiology trainees, and activities to simulate how experts through deliberate practice generate a holistic high-level representation of the image, which then fine-tunes the perception of potential lesions. These reviews will leverage on the large database of online published and unpublished (at the moment) "normal" and "abnormal" cases. Selected use of didactic instructional videos will be included.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
In these thematic reviews, the organisation and presentation of cases will be based on the latest educational research, including literature exploring the role of expertise in radiologic image interpretation; how to promote active learning in radiology trainees, and activities to simulate how experts through deliberate practice generate a holistic high-level representation of the image, which then fine-tunes the perception of potential lesions.

# data[].attributes.body
Hyperdense nodules along bilateral cerebral convexities. Hypodense soft tissue thickening of the falx. Hypodense subdural collections

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Thematic Case Reviews

In these thematic reviews, the organisation and presentation of cases will be based on the latest educational research, including literature exploring the role of expertise in radiologic image interpretation; how to promote active learning in radiology trainees, and activities to simulate how experts through deliberate practice generate a holistic high-level representation of the image, which then fine-tunes the perception of potential lesions. These reviews will leverage on the large database of online published and unpublished (at the moment) "normal" and "abnormal" cases. Selected use of didactic instructional videos will be included.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
In these thematic reviews, the organisation and presentation of cases will be based on the latest educational research, including literature exploring the role of expertise in radiologic image interpretation; how to promote active learning in radiology trainees, and activities to simulate how experts through deliberate practice generate a holistic high-level representation of the image, which then fine-tunes the perception of potential lesions.

# data[].attributes.body
Large left frontal calcified meningioma with rightward midline shift

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Thematic Case Reviews

In these thematic reviews, the organisation and presentation of cases will be based on the latest educational research, including literature exploring the role of expertise in radiologic image interpretation; how to promote active learning in radiology trainees, and activities to simulate how experts through deliberate practice generate a holistic high-level representation of the image, which then fine-tunes the perception of potential lesions. These reviews will leverage on the large database of online published and unpublished (at the moment) "normal" and "abnormal" cases. Selected use of didactic instructional videos will be included.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
In these thematic reviews, the organisation and presentation of cases will be based on the latest educational research, including literature exploring the role of expertise in radiologic image interpretation; how to promote active learning in radiology trainees, and activities to simulate how experts through deliberate practice generate a holistic high-level representation of the image, which then fine-tunes the perception of potential lesions.

# data[].attributes.body
Cerebellar infarct

# data[].attributes.body
Hemorrhage

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Thematic Case Reviews

In these thematic reviews, the organisation and presentation of cases will be based on the latest educational research, including literature exploring the role of expertise in radiologic image interpretation; how to promote active learning in radiology trainees, and activities to simulate how experts through deliberate practice generate a holistic high-level representation of the image, which then fine-tunes the perception of potential lesions. These reviews will leverage on the large database of online published and unpublished (at the moment) "normal" and "abnormal" cases. Selected use of didactic instructional videos will be included.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
In these thematic reviews, the organisation and presentation of cases will be based on the latest educational research, including literature exploring the role of expertise in radiologic image interpretation; how to promote active learning in radiology trainees, and activities to simulate how experts through deliberate practice generate a holistic high-level representation of the image, which then fine-tunes the perception of potential lesions.

# data[].attributes.body
Right frontal skull fracture with EDH at fracture site. Left frontal hemorrhagic contusion. Bifrontal scattered SAH. Intraparenchymal hematoma at left lentiform nucleus.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Thematic Case Reviews

In these thematic reviews, the organisation and presentation of cases will be based on the latest educational research, including literature exploring the role of expertise in radiologic image interpretation; how to promote active learning in radiology trainees, and activities to simulate how experts through deliberate practice generate a holistic high-level representation of the image, which then fine-tunes the perception of potential lesions. These reviews will leverage on the large database of online published and unpublished (at the moment) "normal" and "abnormal" cases. Selected use of didactic instructional videos will be included.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
In these thematic reviews, the organisation and presentation of cases will be based on the latest educational research, including literature exploring the role of expertise in radiologic image interpretation; how to promote active learning in radiology trainees, and activities to simulate how experts through deliberate practice generate a holistic high-level representation of the image, which then fine-tunes the perception of potential lesions.

# data[].attributes.body
Emergency Neuroradiology cases

# data[].attributes.body
SDH along falx and left tentorial leaflet. ?falcine dermoid cyst.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Thematic Case Reviews

In these thematic reviews, the organisation and presentation of cases will be based on the latest educational research, including literature exploring the role of expertise in radiologic image interpretation; how to promote active learning in radiology trainees, and activities to simulate how experts through deliberate practice generate a holistic high-level representation of the image, which then fine-tunes the perception of potential lesions. These reviews will leverage on the large database of online published and unpublished (at the moment) "normal" and "abnormal" cases. Selected use of didactic instructional videos will be included.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
In these thematic reviews, the organisation and presentation of cases will be based on the latest educational research, including literature exploring the role of expertise in radiologic image interpretation; how to promote active learning in radiology trainees, and activities to simulate how experts through deliberate practice generate a holistic high-level representation of the image, which then fine-tunes the perception of potential lesions.

# data[].attributes.body
SDH along right cerebral convexity/falx/tentorium. Scattered SAH. Hemorrhagic contusions in bilateral basifrontal regions.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Thematic Case Reviews

In these thematic reviews, the organisation and presentation of cases will be based on the latest educational research, including literature exploring the role of expertise in radiologic image interpretation; how to promote active learning in radiology trainees, and activities to simulate how experts through deliberate practice generate a holistic high-level representation of the image, which then fine-tunes the perception of potential lesions. These reviews will leverage on the large database of online published and unpublished (at the moment) "normal" and "abnormal" cases. Selected use of didactic instructional videos will be included.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
In these thematic reviews, the organisation and presentation of cases will be based on the latest educational research, including literature exploring the role of expertise in radiologic image interpretation; how to promote active learning in radiology trainees, and activities to simulate how experts through deliberate practice generate a holistic high-level representation of the image, which then fine-tunes the perception of potential lesions.

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RB7tfXFMwrc

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.entities[].name
University of Utah Neuroscience Initiative

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Dr. Charif Sidani demonstrates his approach to interpreting the Brain CT.

# data[].attributes.body
http://rad.usuhs.edu/rad/handouts/jsmirnio/Essentials%20of%20Neuroradiology%20RSNA%202007.pdf

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Thematic Case Reviews

In these thematic reviews, the organisation and presentation of cases will be based on the latest educational research, including literature exploring the role of expertise in radiologic image interpretation; how to promote active learning in radiology trainees, and activities to simulate how experts through deliberate practice generate a holistic high-level representation of the image, which then fine-tunes the perception of potential lesions. These reviews will leverage on the large database of online published and unpublished (at the moment) "normal" and "abnormal" cases. Selected use of didactic instructional videos will be included.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Case 180 to Case 199 - Compare and Contrast

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
In these thematic reviews, the organisation and presentation of cases will be based on the latest educational research, including literature exploring the role of expertise in radiologic image interpretation; how to promote active learning in radiology trainees, and activities to simulate how experts through deliberate practice generate a holistic high-level representation of the image, which then fine-tunes the perception of potential lesions.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Thematic Case Reviews

In these thematic reviews, the organisation and presentation of cases will be based on the latest educational research, including literature exploring the role of expertise in radiologic image interpretation; how to promote active learning in radiology trainees, and activities to simulate how experts through deliberate practice generate a holistic high-level representation of the image, which then fine-tunes the perception of potential lesions. These reviews will leverage on the large database of online published and unpublished (at the moment) "normal" and "abnormal" cases. Selected use of didactic instructional videos will be included.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Case 180 to Case 199 - Compare and Contrast

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
In these thematic reviews, the organisation and presentation of cases will be based on the latest educational research, including literature exploring the role of expertise in radiologic image interpretation; how to promote active learning in radiology trainees, and activities to simulate how experts through deliberate practice generate a holistic high-level representation of the image, which then fine-tunes the perception of potential lesions.

# data[].attributes.body
Lacunar infarct in left internal capsule

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Thematic Case Reviews

In these thematic reviews, the organisation and presentation of cases will be based on the latest educational research, including literature exploring the role of expertise in radiologic image interpretation; how to promote active learning in radiology trainees, and activities to simulate how experts through deliberate practice generate a holistic high-level representation of the image, which then fine-tunes the perception of potential lesions. These reviews will leverage on the large database of online published and unpublished (at the moment) "normal" and "abnormal" cases. Selected use of didactic instructional videos will be included.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
In these thematic reviews, the organisation and presentation of cases will be based on the latest educational research, including literature exploring the role of expertise in radiologic image interpretation; how to promote active learning in radiology trainees, and activities to simulate how experts through deliberate practice generate a holistic high-level representation of the image, which then fine-tunes the perception of potential lesions.

# data[].attributes.body
Left MCA infarct

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Thematic Case Reviews

In these thematic reviews, the organisation and presentation of cases will be based on the latest educational research, including literature exploring the role of expertise in radiologic image interpretation; how to promote active learning in radiology trainees, and activities to simulate how experts through deliberate practice generate a holistic high-level representation of the image, which then fine-tunes the perception of potential lesions. These reviews will leverage on the large database of online published and unpublished (at the moment) "normal" and "abnormal" cases. Selected use of didactic instructional videos will be included.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
In these thematic reviews, the organisation and presentation of cases will be based on the latest educational research, including literature exploring the role of expertise in radiologic image interpretation; how to promote active learning in radiology trainees, and activities to simulate how experts through deliberate practice generate a holistic high-level representation of the image, which then fine-tunes the perception of potential lesions.

# data[].attributes.body
Diffuse cerebral edema

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Thematic Case Reviews

In these thematic reviews, the organisation and presentation of cases will be based on the latest educational research, including literature exploring the role of expertise in radiologic image interpretation; how to promote active learning in radiology trainees, and activities to simulate how experts through deliberate practice generate a holistic high-level representation of the image, which then fine-tunes the perception of potential lesions. These reviews will leverage on the large database of online published and unpublished (at the moment) "normal" and "abnormal" cases. Selected use of didactic instructional videos will be included.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
In these thematic reviews, the organisation and presentation of cases will be based on the latest educational research, including literature exploring the role of expertise in radiologic image interpretation; how to promote active learning in radiology trainees, and activities to simulate how experts through deliberate practice generate a holistic high-level representation of the image, which then fine-tunes the perception of potential lesions.

# data[].attributes.body
Hyperdense left MCA + hypodensity in left insular cortx/operculum

# data[].attributes.headline
Case A14 - Age-related involution + subcortical microvasc isch

# data[].attributes.subject
Case A14 - Age-related involution + subcortical microvasc isch

# data[].attributes.headline
Case A13 - Age-related involution + microvasc isch

# data[].attributes.subject
Case A13 - Age-related involution + microvasc isch

# data[].attributes.body
Case A11

# data[].attributes.headline
Case A10 - Age-related involution + subcortical microvasc isch

# data[].attributes.subject
Case A10 - Age-related involution + subcortical microvasc isch

# data[].attributes.headline
Case A9- Age-related involution + periventricular microvasc isch

# data[].attributes.subject
Case A9- Age-related involution + periventricular microvasc isch

# data[].attributes.headline
Case A5 - Age-related involution + periventricular microvasc isch

# data[].attributes.subject
Case A5 - Age-related involution + periventricular microvasc isch

# data[].attributes.body
Hyperdense left MCA + hypodensity in left operculum

# data[].attributes.headline
Case S10 - Subacute right ACA/MCA infarct

# data[].attributes.subject
Case S10 - Subacute right ACA/MCA infarct

# data[].attributes.body
Hypodensity in right frontal/parietal lobes

# data[].attributes.headline
Case A4 - Age-related involution + periventricular microvasc isch

# data[].attributes.subject
Case A4 - Age-related involution + periventricular microvasc isch

# data[].attributes.headline
Case A3 - Age-related involution + periventricular microvasc isch

# data[].attributes.subject
Case A3 - Age-related involution + periventricular microvasc isch

# data[].attributes.headline
Case A2 - Age-related involution + microvasc ischemia

# data[].attributes.subject
Case A2 - Age-related involution + microvasc ischemia

# data[].attributes.headline
Case A1 = Age-related involution + periventricular microvasc isch

# data[].attributes.subject
Case A1 = Age-related involution + periventricular microvasc isch

# data[].attributes.body
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-z53pdPP8fik/VHJWTgtolHI/AAAAAAABP1E/5lTNbGEzCak/s1600/ECR2015_2.jpg

# data[].attributes.headline
Cerebral Infarcts and Mimics (100 cases)

# data[].attributes.subject
Cerebral Infarcts and Mimics (100 cases)

# data[].attributes.body
http://padlet.com/dnrgohps/infarcts

# data[].attributes.headline
Theme - Acute infarcts, start Friday, November 21, 2014

# data[].attributes.subject
Theme - Acute infarcts, start Friday, November 21, 2014

# data[].attributes.headline
Theme - Normal, and normal aging - start Friday, November 21, 2014

# data[].attributes.subject
Theme - Normal, and normal aging - start Friday, November 21, 2014

# data[].attributes.headline
Case S9 - Subacute right temporal infarct

# data[].attributes.subject
Case S9 - Subacute right temporal infarct

# data[].attributes.headline
Case 8 - Subacute right temporo-occipital infarct

# data[].attributes.subject
Case 8 - Subacute right temporo-occipital infarct

# data[].attributes.body
Obscuration of left lentiform nucleus + hypodensity of left insular cortex

# data[].attributes.body
Hypoattenuation in left cerebrum in MCA distribution, although G-W differentiation is preserved.

# data[].attributes.headline
Case S6 - Acute right temporal/occipital infarcts

# data[].attributes.subject
Case S6 - Acute right temporal/occipital infarcts

# data[].attributes.body
Hypodensities in right temporal/occipital lobes in a patient post-surgery to aorta, suggestive of embolism

# data[].attributes.headline
Case S5 - Acute left superior cerebellar infarct

# data[].attributes.subject
Case S5 - Acute left superior cerebellar infarct

# data[].attributes.body
Hypodensity in left superior cerebellum

# data[].attributes.headline
Case S4 - Acute/subacute right MCA infarct

# data[].attributes.subject
Case S4 - Acute/subacute right MCA infarct

# data[].attributes.body
Patchy hypodensity in right operculum + hyperdense right MCA

# data[].attributes.body
Hyperdense basilar artery

# data[].attributes.body
Hypodense left cerebellum with loss of G-W differentiation

# data[].attributes.body
Hyperdense left ACA

# data[].attributes.body
Loss of G-W differentiation in right insular ribbon and operculum

# data[].attributes.headline
Case 19 - Age-related involution + microvasc ischemia

# data[].attributes.subject
Case 19 - Age-related involution + microvasc ischemia

# data[].attributes.headline
Case 16 - Age-related involution + microvasc ischemia

# data[].attributes.subject
Case 16 - Age-related involution + microvasc ischemia

# data[].attributes.headline
Case 12 - Age-related involution + microvasc ischemia

# data[].attributes.subject
Case 12 - Age-related involution + microvasc ischemia

# data[].attributes.headline
Case 11 - Age-related involution + miscrovasc ischemia

# data[].attributes.subject
Case 11 - Age-related involution + miscrovasc ischemia

# data[].attributes.headline
Case 9 - Age-related involution + old left lentiform lacune

# data[].attributes.subject
Case 9 - Age-related involution + old left lentiform lacune

# data[].attributes.body
http://learningneuroradiology.blogspot.sg/2012/02/what-does-resident-need-to-know.html

http://www.learningneuroradiology.blogspot.sg/2013/01/strategic-focus-in-use-of-instructional.html

http://learningneuroradiology.blogspot.sg/2013/02/some-tips-on-motivation-time-and-effort.html

http://learningneuroradiology.blogspot.sg/2013/02/acute-left-mca-infarct.html

http://learningneuroradiology.blogspot.sg/2013/02/thematic-case-review-hyperdense-lesions.html

# data[].attributes.headline
Specialty training curriculum for clinical radiology

# data[].attributes.subject
Specialty training curriculum for clinical radiology

# data[].attributes.body
http://www.rcr.ac.uk/docs/radiology/pdf/2010_Curriculum_CR.pdf

# data[].attributes.body
http://learningneuroradiology.blogspot.sg/2011/10/cognitive-appreticeship.html

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1. Developing into an expert radiologist involves mastering a set of complex task skills.

2. This includes "running the service" - prescribing the optimal imaging technique to address the clinical problem, protocolling the study, modifying the study "in real time" to take into account (unexpected) findings during the radiological examination, and interacting with technical and clinical staff to both optimize the examination, and convey the relevant radiological information that will facilitate clinical management of the patient.

3. The cognitive aspects of making a radiological diagnosis involve the "see, recognize, and diagnose" three step process described in the earlier blogpost.

4. The role of the trainee resident or fellow in radiology requires a combination of focus, application, sustained effort, and dedication to learn; coupled with a high level of professional responsibility and commitment to learning and practicing the craft of radiology.

5. Ultimately, learning requires active application of effort - learning by doing, with feedback on performance. Passive observation does not lead to true learning or the functional ability to perform in better ways. A combination of reflection, and repeated attempts to apply knowledge and skills is required to "learn" anything. This is an active process. Increasing expertise is acquired by "deliberate practice"
http://www.missiontolearn.com/2010/04/deliberate-practice/

6. The role of the instructor in radiology is to "coach", guide and facilitate this learning process in a positive way.

7. An example of a systematic positive coaching paradigm comes from coaching in sports, where the players or learners are reminded that they have total control over three aspects of performance - effort, learning from experience, and response to mistakes - ELM framework
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/10/20/the-power-of-positive-coaching/?src=me&ref=general

8. A useful way of thinking about the trainee - instructor interaction is to reflect on the idea of "cognitive apprenticeship"
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_apprenticeship

more in the next post

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1. Developing into an expert radiologist involves mastering a set of complex task skills. 2. This includes "running the service" - prescribing the optimal imaging technique to address the clinical problem, protocolling the study, modifying the study "in real time" to take into account (unexpected) findings during the radiological examination, and interacting with technical and clinical staff to both optimize the examination, and convey the relevant radiological information that will facilitate clinical management of the patient.

# data[].attributes.body
http://learningneuroradiology.blogspot.sg/2013/02/case-review-strategy-for-residents-and.html

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A recommended case review strategy for residents and fellows is outlined below:

1. focus initially on mastering the full range of radiological presentations of the most common neuroradiology problems - specifically infarcts, bleeds, tumours

for example a thematic review of acute infarcts and its mimics below

2. this will allow you to recognise unusual presentations of common problems, and also diagnostic categories outside these common categories, which you should next focus your attention on

specifically, direct your efforts to now master the full range of radiological presentations of less common neurological problems - specifically white matter disease including demyelination, and congenital and developmental anomalies

3. you can use a similar approach with the head and neck; and spine

for example, for the head and neck, you can focus on trauma, inflammatory sinus disease and common tumours first; and for the spine, you can focus on degenerative disease, trauma, infection and common tumours first

the "Special Collections" of the American Journal of Neuroradiology (AJNR) mirror this strategy

http://www.ajnr.org/site/specCol/SpecColl11Main.xhtml

make use of textbooks, review articles, and online resources, e.g.

Conventional and Advanced MRI Features of Pediatric Intracranial Tumors: Posterior Fossa and Suprasellar Tumors (AJR, 2013)

http://www.radiologyassistant.nl/en/p47f86aa182b3a/brain-tumor-systematic-approach.html#i47f88dc7cf215

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Case review strategy for residents and fellows

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A recommended case review strategy for residents and fellows is outlined below: 1. focus initially on mastering the full range of radiological presentations of the most common neuroradiology problems - specifically infarcts, bleeds, tumours for example a thematic review of acute infarcts and its mimics below 2.

# data[].attributes.headline
Applied neuroradiology curriculum for residents

# data[].attributes.subject
Applied neuroradiology curriculum for residents

# data[].attributes.body
http://www.learningneuroradiology.blogspot.sg/2013/01/example-of-hyperlinked-residency.html

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for year 1 residency, we expect a year 1 resident by end of a 6 week posting to

confidently recognize normal

head trauma

acute stroke - infarct and haemorrhage (CT and MRI)

differentiate mass from infarct

hydrocephalus

CT angiography and MR angiography

for year 2 residency, we expect a year 2 resident by the end of a 4 week posting to b. focus and develop greater confidence in year 2 on b. focus and develop greater confidence in year 3 on
a. consolidate topics from Year 1

brain tumours (including pituitary tumours), infection (meningitis, abscesses, cerebritis), as well as key conditions of the spine (trauma, infection, metastatic disease with cord compression) for year 3 residency, we expect a year 3 resident by the end of a 4 week posting to
a. consolidate topics from Year 2
congenital disorders and white matter disease ( developmental and demyelination), as well as the full range of head and neck disorders

For year 4 residency, aim to
a. consolidate topics from year 3
b. develop greater confidence on newer areas in neuroradiology, including functional neuroimaging

c. consider an academic review project

Please refer to Royal College of Radiologists Specialty Training Curriculum document

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for year 1 residency, we expect a year 1 resident by end of a 6 week posting to confidently recognize normal head trauma acute stroke - infarct and haemorrhage (CT and MRI) differentiate mass from infarct hydrocephalus CT angiography and MR angiography for year 2 residency, we expect a year 2 resident by the end of a 4 week posting to b.