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Took place in 1846 with about 90 people, including families and American pioneers from the Midwest, experiencing lots of BAD luck. These 90 people attempted to travel to Oregon Trail, but when they decided to take a couple shortcuts it's safe to say it never ended in their favor. Lots of people died on this adventure filled trip, most of the people, in general, were children. Not to mention the terrible weather during this spring, I can't tell if if was the bad luck or the season's fault. They also made awful decisions and they began to run out of food and had to resort to cannibalism(which is mostly why this story is so well-known), when they came into contact with native Americans it didn't go too well, you name it it happened. Poor guys.

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From 1846-1848 a war between Mexico and America broke out. Some things that caused this was, 1. the U.S felt it was their destiny to control North America and Mexico was in the way; and 2. Mexico claimed Texas, but Texas and the U.S assess Texas as independent. In the end, The U.S obtained Texas, New Mexico, California, Utah, Nevada, Colorado. The United States had , of course, won victory and were seen as powerful. They also gained 66% of land.

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I found a piece of Manifest Destiny art that I think we should all take a moment to appreciate.

I see people standing outside wagons and animals pulling the wagons. Some of the people outside are wearing red and they look wealthy. There are more men off to the side that are riding horses that are shirtless. There is a long and on going trail of people and animals and wagons. Next to the trail there is a long raging river, plenty of trees and short cliffs. In the background there are washed out mountains that touch the sky. Speaking of the sky it has 1 large cloud and one side is a little lighter than the other. I wonder why the men on the right of the photo are shirtless and not with the others. I can infer the people that are outside of the wagons are directing which way they should go based off their clothing and the fact that they are outside of the wagons. A title for the photo Manifest Destiny Trail.

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In 1821 Texas was a part of Mexico. Stephen Austin was an agent to bring settlers to Texas, also know as an empresario. He brought the first ever 300 families to Texas, which was known as the Old Three Hundred. 25,000 American were living in Texas by 1830. They were forced to become Mexican and Catholic. This violated their freedom of religion. The Americans had to obey Mexican law. When Americans bean to complain, Mexico closed Texas further into American immigration.

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In 1844, a new form of communication was made and called the telegraph. The telegraph was a device that sent electrical signals by a wire. It was a new system that uses dots and lines, and it's called Morse Code. Many people still use Morse Code to this day, and it is very helpful. Soon telegraph companies were everywhere and there were thousands of miles of telegraph wire extended across the country. News could now carry long distances within minutes, game changing! So many people could speak to faraway family members.

Link to a Morse Code website: https://morsecode.world/international/translator.html

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As larger cities grew larger, the more problems they had. This could be blamed on all the human modification of the environment. Some examples of the different problems were: Dirt and gravel streets turned into mud-holes the second it rained, cities had no sewers, and people threw garbage onto the streets. When sewage's remained abandoned it would spill out into wells or trickled into streams and rivers, polluting the water. Around the same time, coal became an important source of industrial and home heating power. So the smoke and soot from the burning coal contaminated the environment and caused health problems.

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African Americans have had enough of being slaves and want to reform the way people are treating them. So what did they do to to work their way out of slavery? They outsmarted it. They purposely broke tools and fences and worked slowly in an attempt to fight against slavery. African Americans also pretended to be dumb, clumsy, blind, and crazy to avoid or sabotage work. As well as straight up refusing work or striking back violently. Others ran away to the safety of the North. Becoming a runaway was a big risk because they could get mangled by dogs, and plus, if they got caught they would have gotten ruthlessly whipped or even killed.

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Dunce caps were white cone-shaped paper hats that were put on kids as punishment when they didn't know the answer to what the teacher was asking back then. Once the hat was put on, the kids had to stand in a corner facing the wall. Now, this seems extremely cruel  and a terrible way to treat a child. Making them feel ashamed for not knowing the correct answer to a question. We have a slightly better punishment for not getting the correct answer today. Instead of getting an dunce cap put on your head, you just get embarrassed. 🤷

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It's kind of unbelievable how poor women use to be treated. Women could not vote, they could not serve juries, and worst of all, they could not attend college. Women were forced to stay home and treat their, homes, husbands, brothers, and children, instead of participating in education. Isn't that so sad? Plus, they could not enter professions, like medicine or law. I actually rolled my eyes at the thought. I don't understand why men thought because we are different-not just woman, but also people of color- we should have the bare minimum. But anyways women also had limited rights in land ownership. Oh well. Everything is somewhat okay today, but we can't convince everybody.

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10-What I think was the biggest cause of the Civil War and why

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10-What I think was the biggest cause of the Civil War and why

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Of the 5 causes, I think the biggest cause for the Civil War was the attack of Fort Sumter. This barrier must have been important in some way. You don't decide to put up a wall just because, right? So the fort was obviously put down to separate land. Since we know the fort has a purpose we could see why the people behind it were upset that canons were being pointed at it.
Check out my artist quality drawing about it   :D

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Underground Railroad - HISTORY
The Underground Railroad was a syndicate of people, white and black, willing to assist runaway or enslaved people that were trapped in the South. It operated from the 18th century to the Civil War. Abolitionists were people who kept slaves. While looking into the topic of the Underground Railroad I found a new piece of information about a group called the Quaker Abolitionists. The Quakers are considered the first organized group to help escaped enslaved people. George Washington had complained in 1786 that Quakers attempted to "liberate" one of his enslaved workers. I'm rolling my eyes, but you can't tell, but just know I did. You could look more into the Quaker Abolitionists, but that's all I'm gonna talk about.

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Who is John Brown? John Brown was a primary leading figure in the abolitionists movement. Contrary to many other anti-slavery people, he was no peace-monger In fact, he was a more of warmonger.(heh) He believed in aggression toward slaveholders and any other government officials that authorized slavery. "John Brown became involved in the abolitionist movement following the brutal murder of Presbyterian minister and anti-slavery activist Elijah P. "(via History.com)

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Choose from a wide variety of shapes to create diagrams and charts. Free from Google.

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13- Would your decision to escape be influenced by the Dred Scott Case?

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13- Would your decision to escape be influenced by the Dred Scott Case?

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Script:
My decision to escape would be influenced by the Dred Scott Case.   I would try to help as best I could for freedom for slaves and their families. Dred Scott was a held as a slave and taken from Alabama to Missouri to Wisconsin. In Wisconsin, he met Harriet Tubman, name sound familiar? They got married and had two daughter's. Their owner took them back to Missouri and this is when Dred and Harriet filled freedom suits, in 1846. Their case extended and was one of the leading causes in the upcoming Civil War. They lost their case, but someone had bought them and freed them. ❤️

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"In 1820, the U.S. Congress passed a law that admitted Missouri to the Union as a slave state and Maine as a free state, while banning slavery from the remaining Louisiana Purchase lands located north of the 36º 30’ parallel.

I made a StoryBoardThat on The Missouri Compromise. Check it out!

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Of course I choose  to research the slide that says, "The bloodiest day of the war." This was The Battle of Antietam which occurred on September 17, 1862. And with this war came many deaths, hence the nickname. 23,000 men died, which is more than the war of 1812 and the war with Mexico combined. This horrific war ended in a tie...A TIE!!!! Even after all of this, there was no clear winner, like are you kidding? But this was because Confederates retreated, McClellan did not pursue, Abraham Lincoln fired McClellan, and many more reasons. The war was considered a political victory for the South. Plus, all of this caused Europe to delay plans to help the south.