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Team no - 6
Aviation technology sector has started a new era of transportation.
People can now travel long distances within a very short period of time. It has a major role in globalisation in the modern world. There are trasportation of goods, as well as humans (even animals). Aviation technology is being used in the military sector for rescuing other people, for spying, for locating unknown areas and studying about the geographical aspects of that area, for delivering goods to the needy people around the glode and many more reasons. Here we are attaching a ppt to give you an vivid insight into the aviation world and how it has become a success over the years.
https://amritauniv-my.sharepoint.com/:p:/g/personal/indirabasumatry_am_students_amrita_edu/EV81n65JUpBPgdqLtTtoLX0BRIDMBg_20kV3y_6BRG-mbg?e=hzLyIi

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The Real Pad Man - Who invented the low - cost machines that make Sanitary pads -  TEAM 12

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The Real Pad Man - Who invented the low - cost machines that make Sanitary pads -  TEAM 12

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His low-cost machines that make sanitary pads have earned him international recognition. A Muruganantham’s story is now being told on the big screen as Pad Man

A Muruganantham’s life is a haze of interviews to newspapers, TV channels and radio stations. His phone doesn’t stop ringing and his wife sees him only during meal times. To the world, he is a social entrepreneur; ‘Pad man’, ‘Menstrual man’; ‘The man who wore a sanitary napkin’: the low-cost sanitary napkin machine that he created is changing the lives of thousands of women across the world.

But at his home in Coimbatore, he’s a busy father whose bonding time with his daughter is during his work tours —he takes her along since he’s rarely home; an elusive husband with whom his wife seeks an appointment —she says this jokingly to us, but there’s truth in it

There’s a Bollywood movie about him and its going to release soon in big screen and he has gained international recognition. But the man is matter-of-fact about his celebrity status. “My work remains the same,” he says, seated in the living room of his rented house. “Tomorrow, I will walk into a remote village with my machine and no one will recognise me,” he says. “Nothing has changed or will change.” But the cause that he upholds —to take sanitary pads to every nook and corner of India —is gradually gaining momentum. In another 30 years, Muruganantham is sure that he will ensure 100% penetration.

It’s like breaking a massive mountain with a sledgehammer singlehandedly—the stigma surrounding the subject is as such. Which is what makes his story interesting. Muruganantham recalls how his obsession to research on sanitary napkins earned him nothing but ridicule from those around him. “My fellow villagers thought I was a vampire,” he laughs. “I came close to being tied up to a tree.” Muruganantham wanted to create low-cost sanitary towels.

His work took bizarre turns —he strapped onto himself a machine fashioned using a football bladder that pumped out blood into a sanitary pad that he wore. He was that mad scientist the world just didn’t understand. In 2006, when his innovation won an award from the then President Pratibha Patil, his life changed forever.

“My machines now run in 4,800 points in India and in 29 other countries,” he says. His story has appeared in several foreign language publications

Despite his wide network of employees and volunteers, Muguganantham personally travels with his machines to train women to make sanitary napkins in regions affected by extremism. He rolls off names of villages that many may not have heard of — Dhamtari, Lakshmipuramu, Gajroli, Tehri… Many girls in such villagers don’t attend school due to lack of awareness and access to sanitary pads. Murugnanantham is changing that. This is the best thing about his innovation—that a village girl who shut herself at home simply because she menstruated, can finally go to school.

In all these years of working on menstrual hygiene, what Muruganatham finds most difficult to deal with, is the superstition surrounding it. “Women in rural India have the strangest beliefs surrounding the monthly period,” he says. He is trying to break these by educating them. In a tribal village in the Nilgiris, women believed that if they used a sanitary towel, their eyes will be taken away. Muruganantham says, “A girl used it for two months and told her friends ‘Look, my eyes are still intact’.”

USERS INVOLVEMENT

Women who do use cloths are often too embarrassed to dry them in the sun, which means they don't get disinfected. Approximately 70% of all reproductive diseases in India are caused by poor menstrual hygiene - it can also affect maternal mortality.

Finding volunteers to test his products was no mean feat. His sisters refused, so he had the idea of approaching female students at his local medical college. "But how can a workshop worker approach a medical college girl?" Muruganantham says. "Not even college boys can go near these girls!"

He managed to convince 20 students to try out his pads - but it still didn't quite work out. On the day he came to collect their feedback sheets he caught three of the girls industriously filling them all in. These results obviously could not be relied on. It was then that he decided to test the products on himself. "I became the man who wore a sanitary pad," he says.

https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-26260978

Making of these pads by people
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pWYXOc_8sXI

*link to the story*
https://yourstory.com/2017/12/padman-bollywood-real-story#:~:text=Real%20life%20story%20of%20the%20innovator%20who%20inspired%20the%20upcoming%20Bollywood%20film%20PadMan,-By%20Think%20Change&text=In%201998%2C%20when%20Arunachalam%20Muruganantham,a%20prototype%20that%20failed%20terribly.&text=In%20this%20way%2C%20Muruganantham's%20machine,for%20women%20in%20rural%20India.

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The Real Padman of India | Arunachalam Murugunatham | Incredible Inspirational Story

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The Centrella Bed aka Hospital Bed - Team 4

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The Centrella Bed aka Hospital Bed - Team 4

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Amrutha Mohanan
Ananthalekshmy
Ashwin Shenoy
Bharath Kumar
Sudhanva
Sudharshan Rao
The modern hospital bed is a sophisticated medical device, and its users represent a diversity of abilities and needs. To develop a new bed, Hill-Rom studied these users in nearly 500 hr of observation across 29 hospital units. Focus groups were used to evaluate early concepts, and formative usability testing included over 130 users to evaluate design prototypes. This research and testing resulted in the development of the Centrella bed, which includes new features to address patient satisfaction, patient safety, and caregiver efficiency. The resulting design is the winner of the 2017 Stanley Caplan User Centered Design Award.
Intended Users
The Centrella bed was designed for use in medical-surgical units (med-surg), intensive care units (ICU), and long-term acute care units. Targeted users for this bed included patients, nurses, nurse assistants, housekeeping staff, biomedical technicians, and physical therapists. Physical capability, cognitive state, and level of education vary greatly across these groups. Furthermore, diverse activities are performed when using the bed that include eating and sleeping, cleaning and disinfecting, repairing, positioning for therapy, positioning for patient comfort, weighing patients, transporting a patient throughout the hospital, or performing emergency procedures such as CPR or intubation. Ease of use and intuitive design were especially important because of this diversity and because health care facilities often do not provide training for hospital beds.
The Design
The Centrella bed needed to provide clearances to be physically compatible with devices such as patient-handling equipment, overbed tables, and portable X-ray machines. Attachment points were needed for traction equipment, oxygen tanks, IV poles, sequential compression devices, optional mattress replacement systems, drainage bags, and patient restraints. The bed needed to fit in the elevators, doorways, and smaller rooms in older health care facilities. Centrella also needed to communicate with a variety of nurse call systems and adopt displays and icons that were consistent with similar products.
Significant considerations in the standard include requirements for side rail and deck design to prevent patient entrapment, structural stability and balance, electrical safety, and clearances to prevent pinching or collision with user fingers and appendages.

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~~~ Team 9
Switching on a flashlight is second nature to the outdoors adventurer and homebody alike. Because the human body is not equipped to see in dark places, flashlights are a vital tool for any camping pack or disaster kit. While grabbing your favorite flashlight to see where that weird noise is coming from in the dark, you may have never considered the history of the flashlight. But the development of the flashlight is a surprisingly fascinating one, with the tool inspired by fire itself. Let’s take a closer look at how handheld torches have blazed a trail through history.

By 3,000 B.C., Egyptians began utilizing rushlights, a type of torch made from reeds or rushes that grew abundantly along the Nile River, soaked in animal fat and set alight. Rushlights were used throughout Europe until the nineteenth century. For example, cattail plants growing in wetland areas make excellent rushlights – give it a try next time you’re testing your survival skills.

Both torches and lamps accomplished the important job of providing light, but smoke and bad smells, not to mention risk of fire, were often a byproduct of these types of portable lighting.

candles made from animal fats could become rancid and smelled nothing like the Yankee Candle specimens of modern times. They also produced a lot of smoke and could melt in warmer temperatures.

Kerosene-fueled oil lamps, also called paraffin lamps, ruled the portable lighting scene until the invention of batteries and electric lights. Oil lamps are still used for light by people around the world, especially in rural areas without electric power and with little access to batteries. While these lamps can be relied upon to provide a long-lasting source of light, the risk of a house fire is a threat.

Portable lamps also cannot withstand rain or other bad weather, eliminating lamps as a source of illumination in weather events and many natural disaster situations. The invention of the light bulb, electric light, and the battery were crucial steps toward the flashlight as we know it today.

In addition to the general-purpose hand-held flashlight, many forms have been adapted for special uses. Head or helmet-mounted flashlights designed for miners and campers leave the hands free. Some flashlights can be used underwater or in flammable atmospheres. Flashlights are used as a light source when in a place without electrical outlets, during power outages or when light is needed in a place where a wired lamp is difficult to use, for example, behind or underneath heavy furniture or when servicing appliances.

In 1891, a man named Conrad Hubert arrived at Ellis Island from Russia. Having Americanized his name upon arrival from his original Belarusian-Jewish name, Akiba Horowitz, Hubert had been a successful business owner in Russia but fled his country in fear of persecution. In the United States, Hubert tried to get back on his feet by taking on a number of new businesses, including a restaurant, boarding house, and farm, but none achieved success.

In 1896, Hubert opened a novelty shop based on marketing battery-powered items that he named the American Electrical Novelty and Manufacturing Company. Hubert initially sold items like light-up neckties and illuminated flower pots, but as he worked on the product that we know today as the flashlight he renamed the company the American Ever Ready Company.

Hubert bought the idea and the patent for the flashlight from an inventor at his company named David Misell, who obtained the patent in 1899. Misell had previously invented a portable lamp and an early bicycle light and he combined these ideas with Hubert’s failed light-up flowerpot to create a handheld electric torch. This “electric device,” as the patent calls it, was a simple paper tube outfitted with a dry cell battery, a bulb, and a brass refractor. Hubert continued to perfect this invention, patenting an electric circuit closer and adding the Eveready logo to the end cap of the flashlight in 1902.
Then on the design of the torch is being changed according to the use; some of the different design's are:
1. Keychain -
Finding keyholes, close range use, supplement to dark-adapted vision
2. General purpose -              Household use, car repairs, hiking on a trail, cave exploration
3. Tactical flashlights -
Weapon mounted lights
4. Bicycle headlamps -
Light use depends on speed, quality of trail, surrounding light
5. High powered  -
Outdoors, search and rescue, caving, night orienteering, high-speed bicycle use, diving

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An innovative product that helped to increase the sanitation and also to decrease the spread of infection's.

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Let's go through the success story of Tata Motors in their commercial vehicle sector with their Tata Ace and find how HCD is involved in their design process.(re-edited version)

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A toothbrush for kids! (Revised Version)

Oral-B, a globally famous company for its Oral products. One such product is a toothbrush for kids.
Back in 1966, Oral-B bought in a completely new design for the kids’ toothbrush with the help of IDEO. IDEO is a human-centric design company.

All the kids’ toothbrushes that existed back then were a little shorter and a little skinnier than the adults’ toothbrush, this was an assumption toothbrush companies made as kids have smaller hands and smaller mouths than adults. Yes, logical. So, Oral-B wanted to make a toothbrush for kids that was going to be unique, something that would keep them apart form the rest of the kids’ toothbrushes out there. So IDEO proposed that they’d want to go out and ACTUALLY see kids brushing their teeth. Oral-B was kind of not sure about it as they were in the idea “How hard can designing a kids’ toothbrush be?!”. IDEO set out on their field research, saw kids brushing their teeth and the observations they recorded were fascinating.

They found out that kids held the toothbrushes higher up on its neck, and they preferred fisting the brush unlike their parents who held the brush with their fingers. Kids did not have the dexterity to use fingers and brush their teeth. So, the design was to make the handle fat and reduce the size. This re-design gave Oral-B an unprecedented position in the kids’ toothbrush market for the next 18 months. This design is in use until today.

Source (The words of Tom Kelly, General Manager IDEO):
https://ecorner.stanford.edu/videos/field-observations-with-fresh-eyes/

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This is about a company which struggled so much to develop and took the ideas of people and implemented them and became one of the most successful coffee shops in the world.
References:
1)https://www.ivoryresearch.com/samples/business-essay-example-starbucks-reasons-for-success/
2)https://medium.com/swlh/how-starbucks-became-a-100b-success-story-44762fb95862
3)https://www.britannica.com/topic/Starbucks
4)https://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/lbs-case-study/how-starbucks-survived-the-financial-meltdown-of-2008/story/210059.html
5)https://youtu.be/ygiNB4HnL5Q

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SMART FITTING ROOMS: HOW THEY WORK AND WHY STORES NEED THEM(Team 12)

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SMART FITTING ROOMS: HOW THEY WORK AND WHY STORES NEED THEM(Team 12)

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Why is it an HCD and what was people's involvement in the design process?
Most customers prefer buying clothes in physical stores rather than on the internet. The reason is simple: they can try on the item they liked and pay for it being sure the item fits. According to the 2016 research by BodyLabs published in 2016, 76% of buyers try on clothes and 91% of buyers try on shoes before purchasing. And often visitors leave the store without buying since they couldn’t try on things comfortably.
The idea of smart fitting rooms is starting to get popular among retailers now and it's sole purpose is to attract customers and make it easier for them to try and select clothes.
Here's a video that explains how these trial rooms actually work.

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What It Is :

Paddy Drum Seeder

Why the Innovation :

During the planting season, many labourers are required to plant the seeds in the farm land and they end up having to toil for hours on end to plant each seed. Due to human error, there are also chances that they might sometimes end up planting the seeds too close to each other and so they do not grow well or sometimes, do not grow at all. This adds up to create a loss for the farmers.

The Design :

The Paddy Drum Seeder is an equipment that is made out of simple materials such as 4 or 6 plastic drums and a couple of hollow rods to hold the drums as well as the handle that the farmer uses to pull it along the ground. The machine is pulled along using a pair of large thin wheels that is very easy to pull along the wet marshy land that is used for the Paddy crops. The drums of the equipment is made in such a way that it allows the dropping of only one seed at a time and since the holes are evenly placed, the seeding process is also smooth with almost zero error as the seeds will now be falling at a predetermined distance between each other. All in all, the weight of the machinery is just about 5-6 kilograms and thus very easy to handle and carry around.

The link to design of the machine : https://youtu.be/eAb_9Mxpypg

The Design and Fabrication Process and Involvement of the Farmers (Overview) :

The actual calculations for the diameter for the holes so that the seeds to could pass through without getting caught or entangled, the distance that was required for the optimum seeding of the germinated seeds and the materials that could be used to make the machine as well as the perfect method for preparation of the germinated seeds was done in a laboratory by researchers.

The farmers were involved in the field testing of the device and reported back the problems they faced and the R&D team used this feedback to optimise, adjust and scrap the unnecessary to create the final product. Trial testing were done in laboratory conditions as well and just like the farmers were instructed to do, the researchers too had prepared a plot of soil for the planting of the seeds and their results were compared to the real time results found by the farmers.

The link to full information on the farmers being involved in the designing and fabrication process : https://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-javs/papers/vol9-issue6/Version-2/K0906026983.pdf

How It Works :

The Paddy Drum Seeder is a very simple instrument to use. All the farmer has to do is fill the drums of the machine with equal amount of seeds and pull it along the land. The equal distance between the holes of the drum and the size of the holes makes sure that each seed is planted at an optimum distance from each other (20 cm row to row and 10 cm plant to plant) so as to allow a healthy growth and only the required amount of seeds fall into each spot. This reduces any possible human error and lets the farmer have an easier time at planting. The large thing wheels of the machine allows it to be easily pulled along the excessively watered crop land that is required for paddy cultivation. Because of the light weight of the machine (about 10 kilograms when filled with seeds) and its easy usability, a farmer can now plant his seeds at a rate of 1 acre/2.5 hours all on his own which before would have normally taken him 5 or more hours and a great number of man power for the same area.

The link to the working of the machine : https://youtu.be/xjEo8BUSk5w

Who Brought in the Innovation :

The Agricultural Department of Jammu. The machine was introduced and demonstrated the Private Public Partnership (PPP) mode in June 2009.

Impact of the Innovation :

The sowing by machine made other inter-cultural operations like fertilizer application, plant protection measures and harvesting operations convenient while already saving labour, reducing drudgery, maintaining uniform plant population and economizing the cost of cultivation.

It also reduced the time between seeding and the germinated seeds growing to full maturity and thus allowed the harvesting to be done a full 7-10 days than what was possible earlier.

Cost of the Machine :

Rs. 5000 – Rs. 6000

Problems Faced While Implementation and Adoption of the Project in Real Life and Solutions :

Several problems were faced during the initial stages of the project implementation by the researchers and these problems were reported with the help of the farmers who would actually used the innovation. Some of the problems included the lack of literacy of the farmers to comprehend the importance and understanding of the working of the machine, the low number of the machines accessible to the farmers during the early days, lack of proper and effective marketing of the machine.

The link to the full information regarding the challenges faced during the implementation and adaption of the project in a real life : https://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810091596

Additional Links :

1)     https://www.5dariyanews.com/news/154140-Agriculture-Department-introduces-innovative-Paddy-Drum-Seeder

2)     https://kashmirobserver.net/2016/06/21/agri-dept-introduces-innovative-paddy-drum-seeder/

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Let's go through the success story of Tata motors in commercial vehicle sector with their Tata Ace.

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Conceptualized and written by Team 9

One of the milestone events that happened for humanity is the control fire. This changed the further course of development of humans. A significant advantage of fire was that it could be used as a source of light and could be used to work and live in the dark. This artificial light evolved into various forms like candles, lamps improved the productivity of humans significantly. But the fire was dangerous to handle and so another alternative was required

In 1899, David Misell came up with a flashlight.
the light emitted was very powerful yet handy.
It did not deal with fire or dangerous materials, instead, it had a long tube with three batteries inside and a bulb at the other end.

The flash light thus solved the issue of fire. but the device wasn't perfected yet. The product was affordable and cheap, but required more adaptability so that the product could reach a wider spectrum of people. A simple change in the design by making flashlights in various shapes solves the issue. Makers came up with flashlights in different shapes for different purpose.
In addition to the general-purpose hand-held flashlight, many forms have been adapted for special uses. Head or helmet-mounted flashlights designed for miners and campers leave the hands free. Some flashlights can be used underwater or in flammable atmospheres. Flashlights are used as a light source when in a place without electrical outlets, during power outages or when light is needed in a place where a wired lamp is difficult to use, for example, behind or underneath heavy furniture or when servicing appliances.

the flashlight from its original form had evolved into a wide range of shapes and utility based products. thus understanding the customer demands and utility, the flashlight came out as one of the most successful products of all time.
References : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flashlight#History

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Amrutha Mohanan
Ananthalekshmy
Bharath Kumar
Sudhanva
Sudharshan Rao

Space Exploration Technologies Corp., t/a SpaceX, is an American aerospace manufacturer and space transportation services company headquartered in Hawthorne, California. It was founded in 2002 by Elon Musk with the goal of reducing space transportation costs to enable the colonisation of mars. SpaceX has developed several launch vehicles, the Starlink satellite constellation, the Dragon cargo spacecraft, and flown humans to the International Space Station on the Crew Dragon Demo2.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SpaceX

Now, the question that would be raised is why is this project considered as a unique HCD? The answer is quite simple yet well appreciated - traditional space vehicles that were launched up until now comprised of only a one-time-use material, which meant that the rockets would either be destroyed or lost in space forever. This exponentially increased the amount space debris in the Earth's orbit, making it extremely difficult to launch further vehicles due to the dangers of collisions. In addition, due to limited resources, we were in a dire need of a space launch vehicle that could be reused over and over again.
Elon Musk was criticised and trash-talked by a few of his "heroes" such as Neil Armstrong and Eugene Cernan; they even testified against his idea of commercial space flights. This really upset him but never stopped him from achieving what he had envisioned. To all his critiques who tell him that he can't do this, his reply to them was "We've done it!". He has done it in partnership with NASA which has given SpaceX a contract worth of 1.6 billion USD.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8P8UKBAOfGo

The SpaceX Dragon 2 is a class of reusable spacecraft developed and manufactured by American aerospace manufacturer SpaceX as the successor to Dragon, a reusable cargo spacecraft. It has two variants: Crew Dragon, a space capsule capable of ferrying up to seven astronauts, and Cargo Dragon, an updated replacement for the original Dragon spacecraft. The spacecraft launches atop a Flacon 9 Block 5 rocket and returns to Earth via an ocean splashdown. Unlike its predecessor, the spacecraft can dock itself to the ISS instead of being berthed. Crew Dragon is equipped with an integrated Launch Escape System (LES) capable of accelerating the vehicle away from the rocket in an emergency at 11.8 m/s2 (39 ft/s2), accomplished by using a set of four side-mounted thruster pods with two SuperDraco engines each. The spacecraft features redesigned solar arrays and a modified outer mold line compared to the original Dragon, and possesses new flight computers and avionics. As of March 2020, four Dragon 2 spacecraft have been manufactured (not counting structural test articles that were never airborne).

Crew Dragon serves as one of two spacecraft that is expected to transport crews to and from the International Space Station (ISS) under NASA's Commercial Crew Program, the other being the Boeing CT-100 Starliner. It is also expected to be used in flights by American Space Tourism company Space Adventures and to shuttle tourists to and from Axiom Space's planned space station. Crew Dragon's first non-piloted test flight occurred in March 2019, and its first crewed flight – with astronauts Robert Behnken and Douglas Hurley – occurred in May 2020. This test flight marked the first time a private company launched a crewed orbital spacecraft. Cargo Dragon is expected to supply cargo to the ISS under a Commercial Resupply Services-2 contract with NASA, along with Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems' Cygnus spacecraft and Sierra Nevada Corporation's Dream Chaser spacecraft. The first flight of the Cargo Dragon is planned to launch in October 2020.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SpaceX_Dragon_2

With all these sophisticated features implemented in the Dragon2, we believe that this a very good example of HCD. With further developments and research, colonisation of other planets or celestial bodies could happen in no time!
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Crew_Dragon_at_the_ISS_for_Demo_Mission_1_(cropped).jpg

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Fitbit Inc, is an American consumer electronics and fitness company  headquartered in SnaFrancisco, California. Its products are activity trackers, smart watches, wireless enabled wearable devices that measures the data  like number of steps walked, heart beat, sleep quality, number of calories burnt, number of steps climbed and other personal metrics involved in fitness. According to an IDC report published on March 10, 2020, Fitbit is considered the fifth largest wearable company in shipments as of 2019 with an 14.8% over year growth, behind Xiaomi and Apple. Fitbit reports to have sold more than 100 million devices and have 28 million users.
History:
Before October 2007, the company was previously named Healthy Metrics Research, Inc.
Fitbit was founded on March 26, 2007 by James Park (CEO) and Eric Friedman (CTO).
The company's stock began trading with the symbol "FIT" on June 18, 2015. After Fitbit's stocks fell more than 50% in 2016, CEO James Park announced in October that the company was undergoing a major transformation from what he called a "consumer electronics company" to a "digital healthcare company."
In February 2018, Fitbit announced that it would be partnering with Adidas to release an Adidas-branded Fitbit Ionic. The special edition Ionic was released on March 19, 2018.
In August 2018, Blue Cross Blue Shield Association announced a partnership with Fitbit in which BCBS will include Fitbit's wearables and fitness trackers in its Blue365 program.
Popularity:
Initially it took a lot of time to gain popularity in the market but because of their perfectness in design and applications, they gained popularity. These kind of personal fitness metrics tracker gives onseself the confidence to do some kind of workout to make their health better and one will try to be fit foreever by doing some workouts.
These kinds of equipments not only help us in tracking our personal metrics but it also became an evidence in a court case.
On March, 10, 2015 a woman cooked up a story mentioning that an intruder appeared in her employer's home where she was staying and raped her. She told that he came in the midnight and assulted her at midnight.Police found a Fitbit lying on the floor when they arrived at the scene. Prosecutors used the Fitbit as evidence and data to determine what had occurred. The Fitbit revealed that the woman was active throughout the night, and the Fitbit surveillance analysis demonstrated the woman had not gone to bed as she stated to the police, proving that the woman had lied to the police. Similarly it helped in solving some cases in 2017 and 2019 and still helping us many ways. Fitbit not only helped us in tracking our personal fitness metrics but also helped in solving some innocent human lives.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitbit

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This is our updated HCD story.

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Team - 2

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Store photos and docs online. Access them from any PC, Mac or phone. Create and work together on Word, Excel or PowerPoint documents.

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A toothbrush for kids!

The whole concept of kids toothbrush came from the problem kids had while trying to use a brush designed for adults to brush their teeth. They simply were not designed for kids and the impact it had on the oral health of kids was proof enough. So ORAL-B approached an external body to help create a design that was going to help kids feel comfortable while brushing thier teeth. It was in 1966 when the world saw its first toothbrush that was meant for exclusively for kids. The kids toothbrush has a small head which goes easy on their milky teeth and soft little gums, a body that goes increasingly fat towards the tip and a rubber skinned body which helps them grip the brush better to try and access all of the mouth.

Source: https://blog.prototypr.io/lets-bring-design-thinking-back-to-design-65378fdc41c1

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The undisputed COLGATE and the revolutionary innovation ,the MOP.( TEAM 8)

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The undisputed COLGATE and the revolutionary innovation ,the MOP.( TEAM 8)

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TEAM 8 presents some HCD'S, which have found it's place in the daily life of normal human being.

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We were all once affected by the closing times of banks and inability to withdraw money from Bank on Bank holydays . Same story lead Mr.John Shepherd-Barron to invent the ATM mechine . He is a scotish man born in India.Mr.Barron was a just minute late to the bank and could not withdraw the  money.He decided their should be an end to this problem! Money should be accessible  even when the bank is closed.  Similer to Archemedist he also was struck with this brilliant idea  in his shower,  The idea clicked his mind with the design of chocolate vending machine
Thus  in june  1967 first ATM came into existence infront of Barclays Bank London. Reg Warny a famous actor was the first to withdraw the amount and inagurated it thus.
Initially, the ATM could be operated by inserting a special cheque. This special cheque was encoded with a radioactive substance called carbon-14. The cheque has to be matched by a PIN.
But an year befor this incident their was someone who had took patent for this particular idea of ATM i.e.A Scottish man                        -    James Goodfellow(who turn 80 this year). It was an ATM that could help withdraw money using a pin number but  Goodfellow could only implement his ATM  a month after Barron introduced his.
Many more  developmets were done on the mechine and todays instant money electronic mechine  was developed

.https://www.google.com/search?q=who+took+first+atm+patent&rlz=1C1YKST_enIN835IN835&oq=&aqs=chrome.7.69i59l8.15127j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

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In 1970's , the Minicar market was decreased due to oil crisis in japan.
Even Suzuki's sales in minicars also fell. then, Suzuki done a bit of research about failure of minicar market and conducted a survey by asking people and found two things. those are:
1)even used minicars of price range 4,50,000 to 5,00,000 (in yen) are selling well
2)A remarkable increase in younger customers and women drivers who needs a minicar with affordable price.

Suzuki found that they need to design a simple Minicar with necessary features which would be available at low cost and satisfying for customers. then, All divisions of Suzuki re-examined every process of car development and searched for new solutions and finally in May, 1979 they finalized a brand new concept which is "ALTO".
The first generation of Alto, launched at 4,70,000 yen which was a revolutionary price at that time. It was not only affordable but also versatile. The Alto became a great sensation at that time and sales rapidly increased. It revitalized Suzuki. By reigniting the demand for minicars, the Alto helped the minicar market regain momentum. "Alto" became synonymous with Suzuki's compact cars and is loved in many countries. Especially in India, "Alto" has been the most selling car for the past 16 years.

Resource: https://www.timesnownews.com/auto/car-news/article/maruti-suzuki-alto-indias-bestselling-car-for-a-decade-and-a-half/519616#:~:text=While%20that%20number%20has%20several,everyone%20else%20that%20enabled%20this.

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Development of the Alto | Suzuki History

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JIO telecom network has followed Human centered design (HCD) by maintaining the flow of the INSPIRATION, IDEATION and IMPLEMENTATION and became SUCCESSFUL.
Please do the watch the video from the link given below. (This is the presentation of our HCD story)
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1-A9Y1_t0q5yUfTSXoHbw0LzqSy_yXqQ5/view?usp=sharing

*Also can refer the pdf below*

Resources:
https://www.bloombergquint.com/business/mukesh-ambani-says-his-daughter-isha-seeded-reliance-jio-in-2011

https://www.digilise.com/jio-case-study/

And, this article below tells about the users experiences during the phase of launching Jio, and also few instances where users have benefitted from its impact.

https://www.ft.com/content/3f1fe4d6-e4e0-11e7-a685-5634466a6915

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References:
1)https://clr.es/blog/en/volkswagen-beetle-history-design-relationship-clr/
2)https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20130830-the-nazi-car-we-came-to-love
Watch a short video about Beetle.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uKuYXNLGlOc&feature=youtu.be

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The ice cream cone is a scrumptious product that made it's way into the food industry with an interesting story.

Although an Italian immigrant named Italo Marchiony is credited for independently inventing the first ice cream cone, a similar creation was independently introduced at the 1904 St. Louis World's Fair by Ernest A. Hamwi

At the St. Louis World's Fair, a vendor was selling ice cream that was so popular, the merchant ran out of dishes to serve the ice cream in.

Ernest Hamwi, a Syrian concessionaire, was handing out waffle-like pastries at the adjacent booth. The quick-thinking man improvised and rolled his waffles into a cone shape, letting it cool for a few minutes. He handed his novelty over to the ice cream vendor, who was enthralled with the man's on-the-fly creation and began serving the ice cream out of the cones. People were satisfied with it as it was easier for them to eat from the cone and did not have to worry about the sanitation of the dishes as well.

The crispy-crunchy confection proved to be an instant success and became a staple in ice cream shops nationwide.

**link to the story**
https://www.idfa.org/news-views/media-kits/ice-cream/the-history-of-the-ice-cream-cone

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The Real PadMan - Who invented the low - cost machines that make Sanitary pads -  TEAM 12

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The Real PadMan - Who invented the low - cost machines that make Sanitary pads -  TEAM 12

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His low-cost machines that make sanitary pads have earned him international recognition. A Muruganantham’s story is now being told on the big screen as Pad Man

A Muruganantham’s life is a haze of interviews to newspapers, TV channels and radio stations. His phone doesn’t stop ringing and his wife sees him only during meal times. To the world, he is a social entrepreneur; ‘Pad man’, ‘Menstrual man’; ‘The man who wore a sanitary napkin’: the low-cost sanitary napkin machine that he created is changing the lives of thousands of women across the world.

But at his home in Coimbatore, he’s a busy father whose bonding time with his daughter is during his work tours —he takes her along since he’s rarely home; an elusive husband with whom his wife seeks an appointment —she says this jokingly to us, but there’s truth in it

There’s a Bollywood movie about him and its going to release soon in big screen and he has gained international recognition. But the man is matter-of-fact about his celebrity status. “My work remains the same,” he says, seated in the living room of his rented house. “Tomorrow, I will walk into a remote village with my machine and no one will recognise me,” he says. “Nothing has changed or will change.” But the cause that he upholds —to take sanitary pads to every nook and corner of India —is gradually gaining momentum. In another 30 years, Muruganantham is sure that he will ensure 100% penetration.

It’s like breaking a massive mountain with a sledgehammer singlehandedly—the stigma surrounding the subject is as such. Which is what makes his story interesting. Muruganantham recalls how his obsession to research on sanitary napkins earned him nothing but ridicule from those around him. “My fellow villagers thought I was a vampire,” he laughs. “I came close to being tied up to a tree.” Muruganantham wanted to create low-cost sanitary towels.

His work took bizarre turns —he strapped onto himself a machine fashioned using a football bladder that pumped out blood into a sanitary pad that he wore. He was that mad scientist the world just didn’t understand. In 2006, when his innovation won an award from the then President Pratibha Patil, his life changed forever.

“My machines now run in 4,800 points in India and in 29 other countries,” he says. His story has appeared in several foreign language publications

Despite his wide network of employees and volunteers, Muguganantham personally travels with his machines to train women to make sanitary napkins in regions affected by extremism. He rolls off names of villages that many may not have heard of — Dhamtari, Lakshmipuramu, Gajroli, Tehri… Many girls in such villagers don’t attend school due to lack of awareness and access to sanitary pads. Murugnanantham is changing that. This is the best thing about his innovation—that a village girl who shut herself at home simply because she menstruated, can finally go to school.

In all these years of working on menstrual hygiene, what Muruganatham finds most difficult to deal with, is the superstition surrounding it. “Women in rural India have the strangest beliefs surrounding the monthly period,” he says. He is trying to break these by educating them. In a tribal village in the Nilgiris, women believed that if they used a sanitary towel, their eyes will be taken away. Muruganantham says, “A girl used it for two months and told her friends ‘Look, my eyes are still intact’.”
*link to the story*
https://yourstory.com/2017/12/padman-bollywood-real-story#:~:text=Real%20life%20story%20of%20the%20innovator%20who%20inspired%20the%20upcoming%20Bollywood%20film%20PadMan,-By%20Think%20Change&text=In%201998%2C%20when%20Arunachalam%20Muruganantham,a%20prototype%20that%20failed%20terribly.&text=In%20this%20way%2C%20Muruganantham's%20machine,for%20women%20in%20rural%20India.

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The Real Padman of India | Arunachalam Murugunatham | Incredible Inspirational Story

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Bisleri brand of bottled mineral water failed  in soft drinks due to competitors like Coca-Cola and pepsi and slightly high pricing.
(Aadithya)

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Microsoft zune (Jefina)
It was 5yrs late in the market and it had nothing more to offer compared to its competitor iPod

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The segway was described as the future of transport. As an innovation it was said to be on a par with the PC. Inevitably it could not live up to this level of hype.

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Several brands have dipped into the lip balm product category. The basic rule is, 'if it tastes good, why not smear it on your face?' But I don't think works with cheese products. Frito-Lay got in the game in 2005 when they launched Cheetos lip balm. Now maybe it was a great way to experience the delicious joy that is Cheetos, with only a fraction of the calories, but the dozens of negative reviews have convinced me that it was an idea ahead of its time.

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This product probably failed because people could not accept a popular toothpaste brand selling a very different food product ...

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This brand provides real good quality ukulele at an affordable rate. The material from which it is made makes it a high quality product.

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Vio(Beverage by coca-cola)-U.Rahul
Flavoured milk with carbonated water is not a really good combination.

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Blak Coco Cola               {Amrutha Mohanan}

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Blak Coco Cola               {Amrutha Mohanan}

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It was a coffee -flavored soft drink introduced in 2006 and discontinued in 2008. Because it contain excess caffeine.

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The best umbrella preferred while traveling because of its small size and the area of coverage
Ananthalekshmy A

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I think it has solved a problem of tension about the mobile charging for every individual

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The product contained a controversial and banned coloring agent known as Brilliant Blue FCF due to which their product faced backlash.

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Coke. It didn't come up to the expected level as of old

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Smartphone sales goals because it's not innovating fast enough. Specifically, the company pointed to long development/design lead times for its slow adoption of industry trends. Sony said itself that it's too slow at adopting industry trends.

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Most probably the best gaming device one can get.

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HP had rushed the release of its product with a poor operating system and lots of bugs.
-Prem M

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bad taste.

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-Mohammad

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(Yarraboina Ashok)

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It has less operating system with lot of bugs since Hp has rushed to do this product to compete with Ipad and they have done these mistakes (EEE18117)

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It's doesn't met it's authenticity

Neeraj S

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Due it's arrogance and stubbornness to change has led to the downfall of

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High price but you can get better ones at cheaper price.

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It spurred debates on Racism and Cabury didn't proceed with the sales.

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Failed as its launch was connected with politics.

VISHNU P M

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(Navjith)

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Blackberry mobile  (akash)

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Harley Davidson perfumes(Deepak Naik M V)

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Harley Davidson perfumes(Deepak Naik M V)

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The company invested over 300 million but no one bought it and it was wiped off the shelf within four months

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because of the sensor issues

Adithya raj

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Samsung galaxy note 7
Nikhil brijmohan

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Not up to the grade in satisfying customer tastes .
And it can't even compete with any boost or any other products. Now it's over

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Foldable touch phonesciomi motorola samsung..
Niranjan

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limitations with software and apps

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Burger King told its healthy alternative to their traditional french fries but it wasn't.

Gnana Yashaswini

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Couldnt compete with the growing mobile industry
- Abhishek Praveen

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The auction mechanism online was very confusing and took days to materialise.

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FROOTI FIZZ(Vamu Sunil)
It was really worst

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Milk bikis new edition without sandwich one, failed because all those who loved the creamy layer of that want the old one that is the sandwich one.
Ashtamykrishna k

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They thought 18000 mah will work, but it's too thick and heavy to carry out.
Sanath kumar

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Jhansi Ravipati

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For Claustrophobics :P

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Anjana
3d television
This was because they didn't have a good clarity and so they they have been taken away from the marketwasn’t enough to have a Blu-ray player; you had to have a Blu-ray player with 3D support and a TV that offered the same.

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- Jayanth

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Ananthalekshmy A

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Many people bought the car because it was big for a family but the engine was really bad, There are issues where the engines have even went on fire

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The product was unfinished and rushed and even though it was something new and creative it wasn't ready for public.

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BLOOD GLUCOSE MONITORING SYSTEM {Amrutha Mohanan} 

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BLOOD GLUCOSE MONITORING SYSTEM {Amrutha Mohanan} 

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It's a self monitoring blood glucose machine. It provides pre & post-meal flagging to differentiate the measured glucose level before and after the meal. Once connected with my sugardiabetes management app ,the meter logs blood glucose results and transfer them to smart phone.

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Did not reveive the expected turnover although I liked it XD
Ashitha

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high in sugar, additives, and colorants,

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I feel that it takes time to learn how to ride it and also the issues at the initial stages made it a failure.

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ECE18509
It was the most leaked phone of its time. It had this radar on the head. It was supposed to be the X factor of the phone, turns out it wasn't precise and eventually backfired. The Radar tech used in the phone was too advanced for Indian market and the Indian variant dint make use of the radar. So yeah, it was a fail.

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it was coffee flavoured

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This was the worst adaptation of the game that goes with the same name.

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Google couldnt enter the social media space and had to shut it down, they introduced it replacing orkut which was successful. (Ashwin Shenoy)

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The Fire Phone is arguably Amazon's biggest flop. Amazon first released its smartphone in July 2014, but it just couldn't quite compete against iPhones and Androids. At one point Amazon tried selling it for 99 cents, and it still didn't work. Eventually Amazon wrote off a $170 million loss from the phone, and as of September, the phone was no longer available for purchase on Amazon.com
(Arunima Arun)

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Healthier french fries which absorbs less oil, but did not have any difference from the traditional oily fries,also costlier.

-Nandhini Balaji
AM.EN.U4CSE18338

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Arswat

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didnt differentiate itself from its predecessor
bharath

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Apple came up with 4 wheels at a cost of 750 dollars or 35000 rupees for their mac pro CPU's. When a apple phone itself costed 900 dollars. 4 wheels alone costed 750 dollars which was not just a failure but a costly failure. Apple hyped it a lot but people did not buy any.

Venkata Satya Sai Karri

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BMW' can be parked remotely with the key. NO 1 practically uses. (Arjun)

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its the best phones company earlier after the evolution of phones they put on windows feature while everyone using android!

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Eventhough yogurt seemed good for hair, but consumers couldn't make the leap to yogurt and resulted in nausea in consumers.
Sree Sai V G

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windows vista failed miserably as it was nearly as same as the successful windows 7.

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windows vista failed miserably as it was nearly as same as the successful windows 7.

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-Ashwin Suresh

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One Plus 8 Pro's NEW Third Camera which had new filter which can see through things.

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It was an online platform to share 7 second videos and it was very fun. But it was shut down and people lost their careers during their peak.

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Google could not able to meet design and better features as compared to WhatsApp and WhatsApp continued to be people's favourite.

(Nishant)

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They tried their best to give for low cost but safety measures not worked well
Jaya krishna .CH