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Brazil was under colonial rule with Portugal. In the early 1800's, Brazil ended up defeating the Portuguese and they surrendered their all their land except for the Montevideo. This brought some peace to Brazil.

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Brazilian Independence | 3 Minute History

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Portugal experience a constitutional revolution in 1820. This demanded the return of the old king and the creation o their first constitution. Pedro switched sides to Brazil, and declared their independence against his father and Cortez.

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After the Napoleonic wars, Germans started to get a sense of unification. It grew more and more till they wanted revolutions and to make a constitution. Bismarck rose to power, uniting most of Germany, then crushing France. Afterwards, he appointed a new emperor.

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The empire had its origin through traditional cabinet diplomacy and agreement by the leaders of the states in the North German Confederation, led by Prussia. Years later, Otto Von Bismarck quickly rose to power and helped Germany gain its new independence.

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German Empire | Facts, History, Flag, & Map

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The German Empire was founded in 1871, after three successful wars by the North German state of Prussia. Prussia remained the dominant force in the nation until the empire's demise at the end of another war in 1918. Learn more about the history and significance of the German Empire in this article.

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Italy used to be divided into many different states. The revolutions of 1848 swept across Europe and their were many wars to try and gain Italian independence. After even more wars, Italy finally became whole. But it had a lot of problems to solve first.

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There were many wars in Italy to fight for their independence. One of them was the battles of Custoza. This happened 11 miles from Southwest of Verona, in Lombardy. Another war was the battle of Novara, where 70,000 Austrian troops defeated 100,000 poorly trained Italian troops. The second war was the battle of Solferino, which resulted in the annexation of most of Lombardy by Sardinia Piedmont. All of these wars contributed to the unification of Italy.