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March 3,1865 (Freedmen’s Bureau created)

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March 3,1865 (Freedmen’s Bureau created)

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Was established in 1865 by Congress to help millions of former black slaves and poor white’s in the South in the aftermath of the civil war

The Freedmen’s Bureau was established by an act of congress two months before Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered to the Union’s Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court house, Virginia, effectively ending the Civil War

The Freedmen’s Bureau provided food, housing, and medical aid, established schools, and offered legal assistance

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April 15,1865 (Abraham Lincoln is assassinated)

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April 15,1865 (Abraham Lincoln is assassinated)

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At 10:15, Booth slipped into the box and fried his .44-caliber single-shot derringer pistol into the back of Lincoln’s head

On April 18, Lincoln’s body was carried to the Capitol rotunda to lay in state on a catafalque. Three days later, his remains were boarded onto a train that conveyed him to Springfield, Illinois, where he had lived before becoming president.

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April 15,1865 (Andrew Johnson becomes President)

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April 15,1865 (Andrew Johnson becomes President)

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After the death of President Abraham Lincoln VP Andrew Johnson becomes President

Johnson’s presidency is defined by the readmittance of the southern states into the Union and by Reconstruction politics

Johnson clashes with the “Radical Republicans” who control congress they thought Johnson was to lenient to the south and so he was impeached

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The newly formed state legislature quickly authorized many needed public projects and the taxes to pay for them. Among these projects was the creation, for the first time in the south, of free public education. But the public schools excluded black children.

The state legislatures also began to pass laws limiting the freedom of the former slaves. These laws mirrored those of colonial times, which placed severe restrictions on both slaves and emancipated blacks.

Neither of these groups could vote, serve on juries, travel freely, or work in occupations of their choice. Even their marriages were outside the law.

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December 6,1865 (13th Amendment is ratified)

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December 6,1865 (13th Amendment is ratified)

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Passed by congress on January 31,1865, and ratified on December 6,1865, the 13th amendment abolished slavery in the US

Provides that "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, expect as a punishment for crime where of the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the US, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.".

The 13th amendment was passed at the end of the civil war before the Southern states had been restored to the Union and should have easily passed the Congress

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The KKK was formed by a group of six young confederate veterans.

"One of the Klan’s greatest strengths during this period was the large number of editors, ministers, former confederate officers and political leaders who hid behind its sheets and guided its actions".

- Southern Poverty Law Center

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On this date, the house overrode President Andrew Johnson's veto of the Civil Rights bill of 1866 with near unanimous Republican support, 122 to 41 , marking the first time congress legislated upon civil rights.

First introduced by Senate Judiciary Chairman Lyman Trumbull of Illinois, the bill mandated that "all persons born in the US," with the exception of American Indians, were "hereby declared  to be citizens of the US.

The legislation granted all citizens the "full and equal benefit of laws and proceedings for the security of person and property.".

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This was Memphis worst race riot in the city's history, with forty-six African Americans and two whites dead, five African American women raped and hundreds of African American homes burned to the ground.

At the end of the war, four regiments of black Union soldiers were stationed just outside of Memphis at Fort Pickering.

The tension was palpable, and only catalyst was needed to incite an all out battle.

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Congress divides the former Confederacy into five military districts and requires elections in which African American men can vote

On March 2, 1867, Congress overrode President Andrew Johnson’s veto to enact the first of four Reconstruction Acts.

The First Reconstruction Act was formally titled “An act to provide for the more efficient government of the Rebel States.”

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July 28,1868 (14th Amendment is ratified)

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July 28,1868 (14th Amendment is ratified)

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The amendment grants citizenship to "all persons born or naturalized in the United States" which included former slaves who had just been freed after the Civil War.

The amendment had been rejected by most Southern states but was ratified by the required three-fourths of the states. Known as the "Reconstruction Amendment," it forbids any state to deny any person "life, liberty or property, without due process of law" or to "deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws."

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The convention passed a resolution asking Congress to lend the state $1 million to buy land for poor whites and Blacks.

When Congress rejected the proposal, the first South Carolina legislature under the new constitution passed a homestead law to aid poor farmers and shifted the tax burden to large plantation owners.

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February 3,1870 (15th Amendment is Ratified)

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February 3,1870 (15th Amendment is Ratified)

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Officially granted African American men the right to vote by declaring that the “right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.”

However, the promise of the 15th Amendment was blocked for almost a century through the use of poll taxes, literacy tests and other means — and more recently by voter ID laws.

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1875 (Mississippi plan or “Shotgun Policy”)

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1875 (Mississippi plan or “Shotgun Policy”)

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Thousands of black voters were murdered in Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and South Carolina. White terrorists also intimidated and ostracized Southern whites who supported the Republican Party.

They harassed the children of white Republicans in schools and isolated the wives of prominent white Republicans in churches and social clubs. On many occasions direct violence, usually reserved for African American Republican voters, was used on white Party activists as well.

The violence and intimidation of black and white voters, often called the “shotgun policy” or the “Mississippi Plan,” destroyed the effectiveness of the Republican Party in most areas of the South as an alternative to one-party (Democratic) rule. Whites left the GOP and rejoined the Democrats or quit politics. Blacks who continued to vote did so at the risk of being killed.

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After the 1876 election Compromise of 1877

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After the 1876 election Compromise of 1877

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The Compromise of 1877 was an informal agreement between southern Democrats and allies of the Republican Rutherford Hayes to settle the result of the 1876 presidential election and marked the end of the Reconstruction era.

Immediately after the presidential election of 1876, it became clear that the outcome of the race hinged largely on disputed returns from Florida, Louisiana and South Carolina–the only three states in the South with Reconstruction-era Republican governments still in power.