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Person using a JUUL brand of e-cigarette in New York on July 8, 2018
Source: Kenzi Abou-Sabe and Cynthia McFadden, "As Teen Use of Juul Soars, Doctors Ask, What's Really in These E-Cigs?," nbcnews.com, Nov. 1, 2018

Nearly 11 million American adults use e-cigarettes, more than half of whom are under age 35. One in five high school students use e-cigarettes to vape nicotine. E-cigarettes are battery-powered devices that heat a liquid into an aerosol vapor for inhalation. The liquids often contain nicotine (which is derived from tobacco) and flavorings such as mint, mango, or tobacco. Vaping is the act of using e-cigarettes, which were first introduced in the United States around 2006. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has regulated e-cigarettes as a tobacco product since 2016. On Sep. 11, 2019, the Trump administration announced plans to have the FDA end sales of non-tobacco e-cigarette flavors such as mint or menthol in response to concerns over teen vaping.

The JUUL brand of e-cigarettes, a vaporizer shaped like a USB drive, launched in 2015 and has since captured nearly 75 percent of the market, becoming so popular that vaping is often referred to as "juuling." Sales of e-cigarettes are projected to reach $9 billion in 2019.

Is vaping the solution to a major public health problem caused by traditional cigarettes and a safe way to encourage adults to quit smoking? Or are e-cigarettes potentially explosive devices that addict kids to nicotine and cause serious health problems? The pros and cons of the vaping debate are detailed below.

Is Vaping with E-Cigarettes Safe?

Pro 1

E-cigarettes help adults quit smoking and decrease deaths and disease caused by traditional cigarettes.

Traditional cigarettes are known to cause health problems such as lung cancer, heart disease, and stroke. Worldwide, smoking is the top cause of preventable death, responsible for over seven million deaths each year. The National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine found conclusive evidence that switching to e-cigarettes reduces exposure to toxicants and carcinogens. Burning a traditional cigarette releases noxious gases such as carbon monoxide. Cigarette smoke contains tar, which accounts for most of the carcinogens associated with smoking. E-cigarettes don't have those gases or tar. Peter Hajek, professor at Queen Mary University London, said, "smokers who switch to vaping remove almost all the risks smoking poses to their health."
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Pro 2

Vaping is a safer way to ingest a tobacco product.

A UK government report stated that "best estimates show e-cigarettes are 95% less harmful to your health than normal cigarettes." Matthew Carpenter, Co-director of the Tobacco Research Program at the Hollings Cancer Center, said, "Combustible cigarettes are the most harmful form of nicotine delivery."

E-cigarettes are safer for indoor use. Researchers found that the level of nicotine on surfaces in the homes of e-cigarette users was nearly 200 times lower than in the homes of traditional cigarette smokers. Nicotine left behind on surfaces can turn into carcinogens; the amount of nicotine found where vapers live was similar to the trace amounts in the homes of nonsmokers.
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Pro 3

E-cigarettes reduce health care costs, create jobs, and help the economy.

Sally Satel, a psychiatrist specializing in addiction and resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute, wrote that "promoting electronic cigarettes to smokers should be a public health priority. Given that the direct medical costs of smoking are estimated to be more than $130 billion per year, along with $150 billion annually in productivity losses from premature deaths, getting more smokers to switch would result in significant cost savings - as well as almost half a million lives saved each year."

Grover Norquist and Paul Blair of the group Americans for Tax Reform wrote in the National Review that "e-cigarettes and vapor products are the Uber of the product industry. They're a disruptive and innovative technology... Thousands of good-paying jobs are being created by an industry that is probably going to save hundreds of thousands of lives." Tax policy economist J. Scott Moody calculated that the harm reduction from smokers switching to vaping could save $48 billion in annual Medicaid spending.

Juul created more than 1,200 jobs just in 2018. A letter signed by a coalition of anti-regulation groups warned that efforts to limit the e-cigarette industry would destroy tens of thousands of jobs for manufacturers of the devices and the stores that sell them.
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Con 1

Vaping among kids is skyrocketing, getting new generations addicted to nicotine and introducing them to smoking.

Kids might not realize that all JUULpods include nicotine, a harmful and addictive substance. One JUULpod contains as much nicotine as a pack of cigarettes, both of which last for about 200 puffs. Nicotine use by young people may increase the risk of addiction to other drugs and impair prefrontal brain development, which can lead to ADD and disrupt impulse control. Nancy Brown, CEO of the American Heart Association, stated, "The tobacco industry is well aware that flavored tobacco products [such as e-cigarettes] appeal to youth and has taken advantage of this by marketing them in a wide range of fruit and candy flavors."
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Con 2

Vaping causes serious health risks.

The CDC confirmed six vaping-related deaths and over 450 possible cases of lung illness associated with e-cigarettes as of Sep. 6, 2019. People who use e-cigarettes have a 71 percent increased risk of stroke and 40 percent higher risk of heart disease, as compared to nonusers. Studies have shown that e-cigarettes can cause arterial stiffness and cardiovascular harm, and may increase the odds of a heart attack by 42 percent.
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Con 3

E-cigarettes can catch fire or even explode.

Airlines prohibit e-cigarettes in checked baggage due to the possibility of their lithium batteries catching fire. In Jan. 2019, a passenger's e-cigarette overheated and caught fire in the airplane cabin. That same month, a Texas man died when debris from an e-cigarette explosion tore his carotid artery. In 2018, a man in Florida was killed by shrapnel from his e-cigarette exploding. The US Fire Administration (USFA) found 195 reports of e-cigarette explosions and fires including 133 acute injuries, of which 29% were severe. The USFA stated, "No other consumer product that is typically used so close to the human body contains the lithium-ion battery that is the root cause of the incidents."
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Did You Know?

1. E-cigarettes are the fourth most popular tobacco products with 4 percent of retail sales, behind traditional cigarettes (83%), chewing/smokeless tobacco (8%), and cigars (5%).

2. E-cigarettes are also known as "e-cigs," "e-hookahs," "mods," "vape pens," "vapes," "vaporizers," "e-pipes," and "electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS)."

3. Some e-cigarettes are made to resemble regular cigarettes, cigars, or pipes, while others look like pens or USB flash drives.

4. According to the CDC, 58.8% of people who vape were also current regular cigarette smokers, 29.8% were former cigarette smokers, and 11.4% were never cigarette smokers.

5. The liquid used in e-cigarettes is also known as e-liquid or vape juice. The main components are generally flavoring, nicotine, and water, along with vegetable glycerin and propylene glycol, which distribute the flavor and nicotine in the liquid and create the vapor.

Footnotes:

1. Lisa Rapaport, "Almost One in 20 U.S. Adults Now Use E-Cigarettes," reuters.com, Aug. 27, 2018

2. Jerome Adams, "Surgeon General's Advisory on E-cigarette Use Among Youth," e-cigarettes.surgeongeneral.gov, Jan. 10, 2019

3. National Institute on Drug Abuse, "Electronic Cigarettes (E-cigarettes)," drugabuse.gov, June 2018

4. Lori Higgins, "Your Kids Think It's Cool to Vape at School. It's a Big Problem.," freep.com, Sep. 25, 2018

5. NBC News, "Vaping 101: How Do E-Cigarettes Work?," nbcnews.com, Apr. 24, 2014

6. FDA, "The Facts on the FDA's New Tobacco Rule," fda.gov, Nov. 9, 2017

7. Richard Craver, "FDA Scrutiny of Juul Not Affecting Dominant Market Share," journalnow.com, Jan. 23, 2019

8. Richard Craver, "Juul Market Share Slips following Removal of Fruity-flavored E-cigs," journalnow.com, Feb. 5, 2019

9. Angelica LaVito, "Fda Chief Accuses Juul, Altria of Reneging on Promise to Combat 'Epidemic' Teen Vaping Use," usatoday.com, Feb. 8, 2019

10. CDC, "Smoking & Tobacco Use," cdc.gov, Feb. 6, 2019

11. National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine, "Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes," nap.edu, 2018

12. John Ross, "E-Cigarettes: Good News, Bad News," health.harvard.edu, July 25, 2016

13. James Meikle, "Vaping: E-Cigarettes Safer Than Smoking, Says Public Health England," theguardian.com, Aug. 19, 2015

14. Peter Hajek, Anna Phillips-Waller, Dunja Przulj, et al., "A Randomized Trial of E-Cigarettes versus Nicotine-Replacement Therapy," New England Journal of Medicine, Jan. 30, 2019

15. Yue-Lin Zhuang, Sharon E. Cummins, Jessica Y. Sun, and Shu-Hong Zhu, "Long-Term E-Cigarette Use and Smoking Cessation: A Longitudinal Study with US Population," Tobacco Control, 2016

16. Public Health England, "E-Cigarettes Around 95% Less Harmful Than Tobacco Estimates Landmark Review," gov.uk, Aug. 19, 2015

17. Medical University of South Carolina, " "Can E-Cigarettes Help Smokers Quit? Study Finds Smokers Who Are Willing to Use E-Cigarettes Tend to Smoke Less and Increase Their Quit Attempts," sciencedaily.com, Dec. 29, 2017

18. D. Bush and M.L. Goniewicz, "A Pilot Study on Nicotine Residues in Houses of Electronic Cigarette Users, Tobacco Smokers, and Non-Users of Nicotine-Containing Products," International Journal of Drug Policy, June 2015

19. Matthew L. Myers, "New U.S. Survey Shows Youth Cigarette Smoking Is at Record Lows, but E-Cigarettes and Cigars Threaten Progress," tobaccofreekids.org, June 7, 2018

20. David Nutt, "Vaping Saves Lives. It'd Be Madness to Ban It," theguardian.com, Oct. 14, 2016

21. Martin Dockrell, "Clearing up Some Myths Around E-Cigarettes," publichealthmatters.blog.gov.uk, Feb. 20, 2018

22. Sally Satel, "How E-Cigarettes Could Save Lives," washingtonpost.com, Feb. 14, 2014

23. Grover Norquist and Paul Blair, "Vaping for Tax Freedom," nationalreview.com, Oct. 15, 2014

24. J. Scott Moody, "E-Cigarettes Poised to Save Medicaid Billions," tobacco.ucsf.edu, Mar. 31, 2015

25. Grover Norquist, Lisa Nelson, Norm Singleton, et al., "Coalition Urges President Trump to Halt Regulatory Assault on Innovative Electronic Cigarette Industry," atr.org, Feb. 4, 2019

26. Kaitlyn M. Berry, Jessica L. Fetterman, Emelia J. Benjamin, et al., "Association of Electronic Cigarette Use with Subsequent Initiation of Tobacco Cigarettes in US Youths," JAMA Network Open, Feb. 1, 2019

27. American Lung Association, "E-cigarettes, 'Vapes' and JUULs: What Parents Should Know," lung.org, Jan. 24, 2019

28. JUUL, "FAQS: JUULpod Basics," support.juul.com (accessed Feb. 15, 2019)

29. JUUL, "JUUL Savings Calculator," juul.com (accessed Feb. 15, 2019)

30. Maggie Fox, "Vaping, Juuling Are the New Smoking for High School Kids," nbcnews.com, June 7, 2018

31. Dennis Thompson, "Vaping Tied to Rise in Stroke, Heart Attack Risk," consumer.healthday.com, Jan. 30, 2019

32. Paul M. Ndunda and Tabitha M. Muutu, "9 - Electronic Cigarette Use Is Associated with a Higher Risk of Stroke," abstractsonline.com, Feb. 6, 2019

33. Hanan Qasim Zubair, et al., "Short-Term E-Cigarette Exposure Increases the Risk of Thrombogenesis and Enhances Platelet Function in Mice," Journal of the American Heart Association, Aug. 2018

34. Pablo Olmedo, et al., "Metal Concentrations in e-Cigarette Liquid and Aerosol Samples: The Contribution of Metallic Coils," Environmental Health Perspectives, Feb. 21, 2018

35. Otmar Geiss, Ivana Bianchi, Josefa Barrero-Moreno, "Correlation of Volatile Carbonyl Yields Emitted by E-Cigarettes with the Temperature of the Heating Coil and the Perceived Sensorial Quality of the Generated Vapours," International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, May 2016

36. Matthew Rossheim, Melvin D. Livingston, Eric K. Soule, Helen A. Zeraye, and Dennis L. Thombs, "Electronic Cigarette Explosion and Burn Injuries, US Emergency Departments 2015-2017," Tobacco Control, Sep. 2018

37. Mary Lee Clark, "Mason Report Finds E-Cigarette Explosions, Injuries Are More Common Than Previously Thought," gmu.edu, Sep. 28, 2018

38. Rasha Ali, "E-Cigarette Battery Ignites Fire on American Airlines Flight from Las Vegas to Chicago," usatoday.com, Jan. 6, 2019

39. David Williams, "A Man Dies After His E-Cigarette Explodes in His Face," cnn.com, Feb. 5, 2019

40. Eli Rosenberg, "Exploding Vape Pen Caused Florida Man's Death, Autopsy Says," washingtonpost.com, May 17, 2018

41. Lawrence A. McKenna, Jr., "Electronic Cigarette Fires and Explosions in the United States 2009 - 2016," usfa.fema.gov, July 2017

42. CDC, "About Electronic Cigarettes (E-Cigarettes)," cdc.gov, Nov. 29, 2018

43. FDA, "Vaporizers, E-Cigarettes, and Other Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (Ends)," fda.gov, Feb. 5, 2019

44. Blanca Myers, "What's Inside Vape Juice?," wired.co.uk, Apr. 25, 2017

45. Veppo, "What Is E-Juice or Vape Juice?," veppocig.com (accessed Feb. 15, 2019)

46. Richard Harris and Carmel Wroth, "FDA to Banish Flavored E-Cigarettes to Combat Youth Vaping," npr.org, Sep. 11, 2019

47. CDC, "Outbreak of Lung Illness Associated with Using E-cigarette Products," cdc.gov, Sep. 11, 2019

48. Lisa Rapaport, "Vaping May Aid Smoking Cessation but Also Boost Relapse Risk," physiciansweekly.com, July 15, 2019

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Is Vaping with E-Cigarettes Safe? - ProCon.org

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Nearly 11 million American adults use e-cigarettes, more than half of whom are under age 35. One in five high school students use e-cigarettes to vape nicotine. E-cigarettes are battery-powered devices that heat a liquid into an aerosol vapor for inhalation. The liquids often contain nicotine (which is derived from tobacco) and flavorings such as mint, mango, or tobacco.

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Goal 3: Good health and well-being - The Global Goals

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Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages.

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How can our generation, the victims of the addictive substance era be proactive leaders to end the epidemic?

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To answers Darell’s question, weed is not legal in France so there aren’t no age to buy weed. And we don’t understand your question about dispensary

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To answers Sydney’s question, nicotine is legal in France but really not recommended, there are even warnings like "smoking causes stroke and disability" with rather shocking images to dissuade people from buying. And in United States ? What are the laws regarding nicotine ?

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Congratulations and thank you to all of you for your commitment to this project.
I see that all of you have participated and raised interesting issues!
I also see some questions or posts unanswered, so I encourage you to make sure every post and question is answered, to move forward together as a team.
(one piece of advice: to answer a question, add a comment to the post, and add a post when you want to raise another question or idea).
Do not hesitate also to make research and share any article or video that could nourish your exchanges and work.
Finally, do not forget to think of a guiding question to go further in this project. You have until December 16th to reflect and exchange on your question!

Keep up the good work!! :)

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hello i was wondering how the laws is with drugs more specifically weed what I've seen there are dispensary there do you have to be a certain age?

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Historic Example of Addictive Substances causing conflict.

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Historic Example of Addictive Substances causing conflict.

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What were the Opium Wars?

What caused the Opium Wars?

Who were the main combatants in the Opium Wars?

What were the long-term consequences of the Opium Wars?

Opium Wars, two armed conflicts in China in the mid-19th century between the forces of Western countries and of the Qing dynasty, which ruled China from 1644 to 1911/12. The first Opium War (1839-42) was fought between China and Britain, and the second Opium War (1856-60), also known as the Arrow War or the Anglo-French War in China, was fought by Britain and France against China. In each case the foreign powers were victorious and gained commercial privileges and legal and territorial concessions in China. The conflicts marked the start of the era of unequal treaties and other inroads on Qing sovereignty that helped weaken and ultimately topple the dynasty in favour of republican China in the early 20th century.

The Opium Wars arose from China's attempts to suppress the opium trade. Foreign traders (primarily British) had been illegally exporting opium mainly from India to China since the 18th century, but that trade grew dramatically from about 1820. The resulting widespread addiction in China was causing serious social and economic disruption there. In spring 1839 the Chinese government confiscated and destroyed more than 20,000 chests of opium-some 1,400 tons of the drug-that were warehoused at Canton ( Guangzhou) by British merchants. The antagonism between the two sides increased in July when some drunken British sailors killed a Chinese villager. The British government, which did not wish its subjects to be tried in the Chinese legal system, refused to turn the accused men over to the Chinese courts.

Hostilities broke out later that year when British warships destroyed a Chinese blockade of the Pearl River (Zhu Jiang) estuary at Hong Kong. The British government decided in early 1840 to send an expeditionary force to China, which arrived at Hong Kong in June. The British fleet proceeded up the Pearl River estuary to Canton, and, after months of negotiations there, attacked and occupied the city in May 1841. Subsequent British campaigns over the next year were likewise successful against the inferior Qing forces, despite a determined counterattack by Chinese troops in the spring of 1842. The British held against that offensive, however, and captured Nanjing (Nanking) in late August, which put an end to the fighting.

Peace negotiations proceeded quickly, resulting in the Treaty of Nanjing, signed on August 29. By its provisions, China was required to pay Britain a large indemnity, cede Hong Kong Island to the British (the handover of Hong Kong back to China would not occur until 1997), and increase the number of treaty ports where the British could trade and reside from one (Canton) to five. Among the four additional designated ports was Shanghai, and the new access to foreigners there marked the beginning of the city's transformation into one of China's major commercial entrepôts. The British Supplementary Treaty of the Bogue (Humen), signed October 8, 1843, gave British citizens extraterritoriality (the right to be tried by British courts) and most-favoured-nation status (Britain was granted any rights in China that might be granted to other foreign countries). Other Western countries quickly demanded and were given similar privileges.

In the mid-1850s, while the Qing government was embroiled in trying to quell the Taiping Rebellion (1850-64), the British, seeking to extend their trading rights in China, found an excuse to renew hostilities. In early October 1856 some Chinese officials boarded the British-registered ship Arrow while it was docked in Canton, arrested several Chinese crew members (who were later released), and allegedly lowered the British flag. Later that month a British warship sailed up the Pearl River estuary and began bombarding Canton, and there were skirmishes between British and Chinese troops. Trading ceased as a stalemate ensued. In December Chinese in Canton burned foreign factories (trading warehouses) there, and tensions escalated.

The French decided to join the British military expedition, using as their excuse the murder of a French missionary in the interior of China in early 1856. After delays in assembling the forces in China (British troops that were en route were first diverted to India to help quell the Indian Mutiny), the allies began military operations in late 1857. They quickly captured Canton, deposed the city's intransigent governor, and installed a more-compliant official. In May 1858 allied troops in British warships reached Tianjin (Tientsin) and forced the Chinese into negotiations. The treaties of Tianjin, signed in June 1858, provided residence in Beijing for foreign envoys, the opening of several new ports to Western trade and residence, the right of foreign travel in the interior of China, and freedom of movement for Christian missionaries. In further negotiations in Shanghai later in the year, the importation of opium was legalized.

The British withdrew from Tianjin in the summer of 1858, but they returned to the area in June 1859 en route to Beijing with French and British diplomats to ratify the treaties. The Chinese refused to let them pass by the Dagu forts at the mouth of the Hai River and proposed an alternate route to Beijing. The British-led forces decided against taking the other route and instead tried to push forward past Dagu. They were driven back with heavy casualties. The Chinese subsequently refused to ratify the treaties, and the allies resumed hostilities. In August 1860 a considerably larger force of warships and British and French troops destroyed the Dagu batteries, proceeded upriver to Tianjin, and, in October, captured Beijing and plundered and then burned the Yuanming Garden, the emperor's summer palace. Later that month the Chinese signed the Beijing Convention, in which they agreed to observe the treaties of Tianjin and also ceded to the British the southern portion of the Kowloon Peninsula adjacent to Hong Kong.
Kenneth Pletcher The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica

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Opium Wars | Definition, Summary, Facts, & Causes

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Opium Wars, two mid-19th-century armed conflicts between China and Western countries. The first Opium War (1839-42) was fought between China and Britain; the second Opium War (1856-60), also known as the Arrow War or the Anglo-French War in China, was fought by Britain and France against China.

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What are the laws regarding nicotine in France? What is the legal age to purchase a nicotine device?

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Hi ! I’m Anaelle and I’m 17 too. To answer Hunter’s question, in France, this isn’t at the point of a social norm but a lot of people are vaping. In France, this is more cigarettes that are widespread and yes there are substances that are like valuing that are widespread.

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Hi ! I’m Anaelle and I’m 17 too. To answer Hunter’s question, in France, this isn’t at the point of a social norm but a lot of people are vaping. In France, this is more cigarettes that are widespread and yes there are substances that are like valuing that are widespread.

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My name is Hunter Tibbetts I go to Mountain View High school, in Centreville, Virginia. I was addicted to vaping for around a year or so until I actually was caught with a two types of vaping devices, and expelled from my school. My questions for the French students are, is vaping a social norm like in the U.S. and is there a substance similar that is used widespread throughout France.

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Hello my name is Sydney Thornley I attend Mountain View High school. I recently transferred here from Centreville High school. 

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Hello my name is Sydney Thornley I attend Mountain View High school. I recently transferred here from Centreville High school. 

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Hi I’ m Laura and I am 17 years old and i’m happy too

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Hello I am Camille
i'm happy to work with you on this topic