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Leonardo da Vinci was born in 1452, in the heart of the Renaissance in the heart of Europe. He was born outside Vinci, which lies high up on Mount Albano, in the valley of the Arno River, near the city of Florence. Florence was an independent republic and commercial center at the time of his birth. He was the son of Ser Pierro da Vinci, who was a legal specialist, and a peasant girl named Caterina. He was considered an “illegitimate” son because they were not married. Right away. His father married into a wealthy family and he went to live with his grandparents. Later he lived with his father’s family and they didn’t conceal his birth and welcomed his addition to the family.

As a child he was very smart and was very quick at arithmetic and music. He learned the lyre and had a wonderful singing voice, and quickly went to further develop his talents with a tutor. At age 17, he went to become an apprentice of painting under the instruction of Andrea del Verrochio, in Florence, who was an artist, skilled craftsmen, goldsmith, sculptor and painter. He started to use his science to enhance his paintings. He studied and sketched rock formations, caves and fossils. He had very few close friends during his life, even though he was very kind and sympathetic. Later, during his apprenticeship, he started to find his niche at inventing machines like the helicopter, diving suit, and submarine. After he finished his education, he stayed for a short time assisting Andrea del Verrochio.

From 1478 to 1482, he obtained his own studio. After that, he was offered the job of court artist for Lodvico Sforza, the Duke of Milan. He took it and lived in beautiful Milan for 17 years. There, he had a great variety of jobs including designing artillery, and planning river system diversions for the city. In Milan, he really started to dive into the field of science and learn a lot. Go to the science section to learn more!

Toward the end of his life, in about 1508, King Louis XII of France asked him to accompany him to Milan, and he went willingly. There, he stayed working on anatomy and other fields until 1512, when the French lost Milan. He then had to go to Rome. There, he stayed until his life was finished. He was very good friends with Guiliano de’ Medici, brother of the duke, and he was well housed and treated very kindly. Sadly, while in the bliss of the Renaissance, his health started to fail. In March, 1516, Guiliano died, and Leonardo was left alone in the world, practically deserted. Not far thereafter, on May 2, 1519, the mind of the Renaissance, Leonardo da Vinci died.

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La Gioconda, also known as Mona Lisa, is an oil painting on a poplar wood panel made by Leonardo da Vinci, datable to around 1503-1504 and preserved in the Louvre Museum Paris.
Iconic and enigmatic work of world painting, it is certainly the most famous portrait in history as well as one of the best known works of art ever. The subject's imperceptible smile, with its aura of mystery, has inspired many pages of criticism, literature, works of imagination and even psychoanalytic studies; elusive, ironic and sensual, the Mona Lisa has been loved and idolized from time to time, but also derided or attacked.
La Gioconda represents an obligatory destination for thousands of people a day , so much so that in the large room in which a cordon is exposed it must keep visitors at a safe distance; in the long history of the painting in fact there have been attempts at vandalism, as well as a daring theft which in a certain sense has fueled its legend.
The work traditionally represents Lisa Gherardini, that is "Monna" Lisa , wife of Francesco del Giocondo. Leonardo after all, in that period of his third Florentine stay, lived in the houses next to Palazzo Gondi  a few steps from Piazza della Signoria, which belonged to a branch of the Gherardini family of Montagliari.
This, apparently easy to identify, actually much debated by artistic historiography, has as its ancient sources a document from 1525 which lists some paintings that are among the assets of Gian Giacomo Caprotti called "Salaì", a pupil of Leonardo who followed the master in France, where the work is mentioned for the first time "la Joconda";  Vasari himself wrote that "he took Lionardo to paint the portrait of Monna Lisa his wife for Francesco del Giocondo, and left him four years later. imperfect, which works today is followed by King Francis of France in Fontainebleau ", later extending into a series of praises of the painting, in reality rather generic.
The eyes of the Mona Lisa
Some doubts arose starting from Vasari's description, which speaks of the beautifully painted hair of the eyebrows  and which enhances the dimples on the cheeks. This is however explained by the particular history of the painting, which followed Leonardo until his death in France and which was retouched for years by the artist. In fact, Vasari may have drawn his description from a memory of the work as it was visible in Florence until 1508, when the painter left the city; X-ray analyzes showed that there are three versions of the Mona Lisa hidden under the current one.
In support of Vasari's testimonies, in 2005 Veit Probst, historian and director of the Library of Heidelberg in Germany, published another note by the Florentine chancellor Agostino Vespucci, dated 1503, which confirms the existence of a portrait of Lisa del Giocondo

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The work is attributed to the period in which Leonardo, traveling to Pavia, got to know Francesco di Giorgio, who made him a participant in his treatise on architecture and the lesson of Vitruvius in whose treatise De architectura Martini had started to translate some parts . Leonardo in fact defined himself as "homo without letters", since he had not had an education that allowed him to understand the Latin text; for this reason the vulgar reworking of Vitruvian concepts had to be particularly stimulating, in fact also the so-called Manuscript B, dedicated to urban planning and religious and military architecture.
The design has been kept in the Gallerie dell'Accademia since 1822, when the Austrian government bought it from the heirs of the Milanese collector Giuseppe Bossi. As for most of the works on paper, for conservative reasons it is rarely exposed to the public and therefore it is not included in the usual tour of the museum.
The drawing illustrates the proportions of the human body in geometric form and is accompanied by two explanatory texts, at the top and bottom of the page, inspired by a passage by Vitruvius.