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Puritanism refers to the movement
for reform, which occurred within the
Church of England between the time
of Elizabeth and Charles II. Puritans wanted to purify the Roman Catholic Church. They were soon put under persecution by the King so they fled to North America and established the Massachusetts Bay Colony. They practiced their beliefs safely away from harassment. These beliefs eventually led to witch hysteria that terrorized Puritans in the colonies.

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Calvinism is a Protestant theological system of John Calvin and his successors, which developed Luther's doctrine of justification by faith alone. Calvinism emphasizes the grace of God and the doctrine of predestination. The Puritans wanted to rid the Church of any Catholic residue and build upon the Calvinist ideas such as total depravity and limited atonement. They also shared with other Calvinists a belief in double predestination, that some people were destined by God to receive grace and salvation while others were destined for Hell.The Calvinistic beliefs in the existence of witchcraft added to the witch scare in Salem.

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The City Upon a Hill theory was a concept created by Jon Winthrop to set an example for other Christians around the world. His theory stated that the new Massachusetts Colony
would be a place of complete reform
where God would be found in scripture and a strong work ethic. Puritans ended up building colleges that taught young men the words of God. A strong belief in education was
established in order to read the Word of God. They taught that grace was a free gift of salvation and that total depravity is very present.

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The infamous witch hysteria began in Salem during the spring of 1692, after a group of young girls claimed to be possessed by the devil and accused several local women of witchcraft. This derived from the strong Calvinistic belief that Satan acted on the Earth and that he recruits witches and wizard to work for him. There was a belief that a person afflicted by witchcraft exhibits certain symptoms. This witch hysteria was also during a time of troubles which made it seem likely that Satan was active. As a wave of hysteria spread throughout colonial Massachusetts, a special court convened in Salem to hear the cases.

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The image below shows a typical witch trial in Salem, MA in which a young girl is accused of being a witch. The Salem witch trials occurred in colonial Massachusetts between 1692 and 1693. Over two hundred people were accused of practicing witchcraft and twenty were executed. Eventually, the colony admitted the trials were a mistake and compensated the families of those convicted. The story of the trials is now known as a time of paranoia and injustice.