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This photo clearly shows that the angle of the incident light rays is equal to the angle of reflection!

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The 3 drawings below show the different ways momentum can be seen as well as the impulse and effect that follows collisions.

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I LOVE your drawings and appreciate the time you took to do this.  I hope that you enjoyed the process!
Mrs. D

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Because light changes direction between water and air, refraction takes place and allows the observer to see the same fish in two different locations.
THANKS!!  I LOVE THIS PICTURE!!
Mrs. D

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The electric guitar is formed with electromagnets within its system that generate magnetic fields. When the guitar sting is strung, a vibrating motion is produced in the magnetic field which produces the sound heard; the electric guitar is also used with an amplifier which amplifies the sound created by the magnetic fields.

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Once the player's foot leaves contact with the ball, it stops accelerating and from then on only has two forces acting upon it: friction and gravity. The friction comes from the air, which slows down the ball's motion and the gravity pulls it down--allowing the ball to slow down and stop.

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Mrs. D

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In the pictures presented below, I have 3 differences regarding Grindel’s (my dog) ball in free fall. Gravity is the only thing acting upon this ball since I only dropped it. When I used the pool cleaner, I tilted it until the ball was right on the edge and then I let it fall. On the ground, I held it above me and dropped it right in front of Grindel. Lastly, I dropped the ball from the deck onto the ground. This reminded me of terminal velocity and how objects descending out of the sky all reach a constant speed and I thought it was a wonderful thing to put in my short paragraph about free fall.

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Forces in yoga

The applied force on the ground shifts more into my right leg, as I use momentum to raise my left leg

Slight air resistance force acting on the left leg as it was raised

Normal force continues to push equal and opposite against the applied force

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Vi = 5 m/s

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Vf = 4 m/s

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Vi = 5 m/s

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Vf = 0 m/s

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In Case A, my bike rebounds and thus encounters a velocity change of 9 m/s. In Case B, my bike does not rebound and thus encounters a velocity change of 5 m/s. Rebounding is characterized by large velocity and momentum changes. (p.s driving into that wall hurt)

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Inertia
The first photo of the fidget spinner shows inertia at rest because the object at rest stays at rest unless acted on by another force. The second video of the fidget spinner shows inertia of motion because the object in motion stays in motion. My finger pushes the spinner to accelerate the motion. The third video of the fidget spinner shows inertia of direction because the object changes directions due to my finger pushing it in the opposite direction.

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Inertia-

1.) Inertia of rest: The jar of jam in the first photo is not moving and represents the inertia of rest. The object remains at rest unless acted upon.

2.) Inertia of motion: In the second photo, the jar of jam is in motion due to the force exerted from my hand pushing the jar forward. The jar then starts to accelerate away from my hand and remains in motion unless acted upon.

3.) Inertia of movement that is acted upon: In the third photo, the jar of jam is stopped after being in motion. The jar hits the lamp as it is moving and because the lamp has more mass it prevents any motion from the jar, allowing the jar to come to rest.

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The three photos are examples of convex and concave mirrors. The first photo is the passenger side mirror in my car. This is an example of a convex mirror, because the image in a side mirror of a car is not as large as the object. Convex mirrors create a diminished image. The next photo is also an example of a convex mirror, because sun light rays are reflected from sunglasses. Since the rays are reflected when they touch the mirror, sunglasses can protect people's eyes. Lastly, the inside of a metal spoon is an example of a concave mirror. This is because the image seen in the spoon is about the actual size of the object. The image is also inverted.

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Here I have a balloon and my head, neither are touching and both should have a neutral charge or have very little charges.

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Now I’m rubbing the balloon onto my hair, moving the electrons from my hair to the balloon. This makes the balloon have a Negative charge with the extra electrons and my hair have a positive charge from losing those electrons.

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Because the balloon and my hair now have opposite charges, They attract, my hair sticks up to touch the balloon! Now my hair is even frizzier than before ⚡

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This is an image that was taken on my trip to the Philippines. This is an image of the wing of the airplane during our flight from Hong Kong to Chicago. In order for a plane to lift off, it must first overcome the forces of drag and weight. The force of weight is also known as the gravitational force that is pulling the object towards the earth. In order to counteract these forces, the plane must generate enough lift to bring the plane off the ground, thus we get lift off.

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This is a horrible video of me turning so please excuse that BUT.. this is a pirouette and represents inertia. Specifically inertia of movement that is acted upon. While turning, my planted foot is causing friction with the ground which causes me to stop turning.  Dancers also need to find their center of gravity for this skill which can be hard to find (as seen below from my horrible turns).

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This skill requires momentum in the beginning so then I can exert my force into the ground and push up to get the air that I need to make it over.

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Gravitational force plays a huge part in a dancers life, especially when in the air. The force driven into the ground exerts an opposite force to propel the dancer upwards, then gravitational force acts as a weight that pushes the dancer back down. Sadly, I wish we could float forever.

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When I rubbed the hat on my head a couple of times, my hair stuck to the hat when I took it off. This happened because electrons were transferred between my hair and the hat through friction. One object gained electrons, while the other lost them. This made one object negatively charged and one object positively charged. Since opposite charges attract, my hair stuck to the hat when it came off.

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Refraction
In the pictures below, I used water to show how an image is distorted or removed from itself, otherwise known as refraction. With refraction, sound, or an image, can change as it moves from one medium into another. To explain further, refraction happens when waves move from one medium into another, bending as it changes speed and as a result changing the sound or appearance of an object.

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1. The first image shows inertia at rest, because the ball is on the counter and will remain at rest unless acted upon by another force.
2. The second image shows inertia of motion. The ball is in motion because of the force exerted by my hand. The ball will remain in motion until it is acted upon by another force.
3. The third image shows the ball being acted upon by another force. The ball stopped moving because my dog caught it in her mouth.

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Balance: In order for dancers to balance, we must use friction. Friction helps us remain stable. Also, dancers must use gravity. The center of gravity has to be directly above where the body contacts the floor to maintain balance.

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2. Turns: For turns, dancers have to maintain balance at a constant speed. In order to rotate, it must be initiated by the push and pull of the arms. Unlike my turns, dancers do not fall out of their turns by maintaing a stable rotational axis.

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Jumps: For jumps, dancers must use their gravitational force. This is used to land gracefully and to prevent injuries.

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When guitar strings are struck they vibrate to create sound. The thicker strings on the left vibrate slower and have lower frequencies than the thinner ones to the right therefore having a lower pitch.

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When tuning a guitar you turn the pegs at the top to either tighten the strings or loosen them. Tightening the strings gives it a higher frequency while loosening them lowers the frequency. This is used to alter the pitch and make the strings in tune.

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When playing you can shorten the length of the string by pressing down on the fingerboard. Because the frequency is affected by the length of the string, shortening them will increase the frequency and give a higher pitch.

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These three images represent reflection and mirrors.  The “object” that is being reflected is the letter “A” on a post-it note.  The first image is of a plane mirror, which means that the image is virtual, upright, and the same size as the object. Light does not pass through the image.  The second image is that of a concave “mirror”.  Images can be real or virtual when a concave mirror is used, but in this case, the image is real, inverted, and enlarged.  Light does pass through the image.  Finally, the last image is of the object being reflected from a convex “mirror”, or spoon.  Convex mirrors can only produce virtual images.  The object in the image is virtual, smaller, and upright.

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This is an image I took of a soccer player. He kicks the ball and the force from his foot continues into the ball sending it upwards until gravity overweighs the force from his foot and pulls it back down to earth.

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Here we can see the refraction of light and how it's acting on a pencil. The speed of light is traveling at a different speed in the air compared to in the water, which is what causes this pencil to look broken.

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In this picture of a recording session I had you can see the waveforms from each instrument/vocalist. A waveform shows you the amplitude of vibration (so loudness) at a certain point in time. Seeing a waveform Allows me to see when a drum is hit, or when a vocalist starts singing, etc.

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Griffin Ellis - Seeing Sound picture.JPG

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Momentum

These cars got into an inelastic collision, where the momentum of all objects before the collision equals the momentum of all objects after the collision. Cars use gas to make kinetic energy. And when they collide the crumpling of the metal dissipates the duration of the impact so stopping doesn’t require acceleration.

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The thickness and tightness of Ann acoustic guitar's strings affect the sound frequencies that are created when the strings are plucked. The tighter and thinner the string is, the higher the frequency is, meaning the sound will have a higher pitch. Plucking a guitar string causes the air around the string to vibrate, creating a sound wave.

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An electric guitar, while having the same principles as an acoustic guitar, requires the sound waves to be passed through a medium -- an amp. Instead of sound waves being created through the vibration of air around the strings and amplified by the hollow body of the guitar, electromagnetic pickups located under the strings pass the sound waves through an input-output system of an amplifier.

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This image shows how the image of the trees is being reflected on the lake through Specular Reflection.

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The refraction of light on the pen causes it to appear broken. The cup has divest in it that cause even more refraction of light than just the water. This illusion is caused by light traveling faster through air than water.

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This picture of a slide shows kinematics. When a person goes to the top of the slide, gravity is working to push the person down but the natural force from the platform at the top keeps to force neutral. Than, as the person goes down the slide, gravity is pulling them down while friction is working to keep the person in contact with the slide.

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https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1gXjJDlQneW3BbOUJauH3ZiK0rE5Jdn5-t9M0t2jtcR4/edit?usp=sharing

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the baby is hanging from his dad’s arms, and gravity is pulling his body towards the ground even though he is using other forces to hold himself up.

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When the strings of bass are played, the vibrations make sound. With that being said, pressing your fingers against a string at different frets impacts the length of the sting which changes the frequency and pitch of the note that is being played.

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When light enters water, it is unable to move as fast as it does in air. The light bends away from the original path, resulting in the pencil appearing to be bent.

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Christina Quach
Due to Newton’s first law of motion, my object will stay at rest and will continue to remain at rest in the same position unless acted upon by a force such as thrust.

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In the photo, because I am standing still there is no heat and no friction.

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As your feet rub across the carpet, your feet rub a layer of electrons off the carpet leaving you with a slight negative charge.

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As you reach for an object you get a shock as the electrons run from your finger to the object which conducts electricity.

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Lightning is an example of the transfer of electrons. The friction of cloud molecules rubbing together causes a buildup of electrostatic charge in the clouds. As positive and negative charges separate, the bottom of the cloud becomes negatively charged and the top becomes positively charged. Electrons at the bottom of the cloud eventually repel and discharge toward an opposite charge on the ground.

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The first image shows a jar of peanut butter on the ground with no outside applied force trying to make it move. The jar stays still from moving because it has static friction.

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Friction opposes motion. In the second image, when I apply a force to the jar, there is static friction because the jar is not yet moving. The static friction opposes the beginning of sliding.

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Once the jar starts moving, I know my applied force is greater than the static friction. There is now kinetic friction, which still opposes sliding but is already moving. I can use less force to push the jar now because kinetic friction is less than static friction.

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Reflection and Refraction of light. When light hits the black phone screen, the wave bounces off and shows a reflection of what is in front of it. In this example, it is my face and camera.

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For refraction, I used a lined background with a glass of water in front of it. Refraction is when a wave changes mediums. This is shown in this example by the light passing through the water, causing the image to distort. Hence why the background appears off when looking through the glass of water.

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In this example, I threw my wallet up in the air.

At some time t, the vertical velocity was equal to zero, due to the fact that there was an acceleration due to gravity of -10m/s2.

Since the velocity function v(t) is differentiable on the interval t ∈ [to,tf ], starting at a positive velocity and ending at a negative velocity, there is a time where the velocity equal to 0m/s.

This picture shows where the vertical velocity of the wallet was (approximately) equal to 0m/s.

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When plucking a guitar string, you create a vibration called a standing wave. Some points on the string *nodes* don’t move while others *anti nodes* oscillate back and forth. Each time a person plucks a string they create several standing waves. The first wave determines the pitch of the note , the next wave - overtone - frequencies multiply with the first one which ultimately creates a complex wave for sound. *Guitars frequencies are determined by four factors- the vibrations of the string , the length, the tension, and the density & thickness.

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Physics relates to volleyball in many ways, however, one example is when a player must vertically jump in order to  execute a spike. To do this, the projectile (volleyball) is launched from an angle below the horizontal at a high speed. The higher the position of launch, the greater the chances of clearing the net and coming in at a steep angle.

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This picture demonstrates inertia at rest because the ball is at rest and is not being acted on by an outside force.

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This video demonstrates inertia of motion because the ball is in motion and only stops until an outside force, the wood, stops it.

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This video demonstrates inertia of direction because the ball continues in one direction and only changes direction once it hits the piece of wood.

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This image is an example of refraction. Refraction is the bending of a wave when it enters a medium- this can include (but not limited to) : a vacuum, air, and water. Refraction bends the light ray toward the normal  to the boundary between the two media. The amount of bending depends on the indices of refraction of the two media and is described by Snells Law.

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1st Image: In this image the object is at rest and will stay at rest unless acted on by a force.

2nd Image: In the second image my sister has used her legs to push herself off the tree and into the air. She is now falling in the air, and will remain falling unless acted upon by an outside force.

3rd Image: In this image she has now hit the water which had forced her body to slow down. This was the force that stopped her movement.

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Inertia

First the definition of Inertia is a property of matter by which it continues in its existing state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line, unless that state is changed by an external force

In simpler words it means, the tendency to preserve its state of motion or the tendency of an object to stay at rest

Inertia comes from Newton’s first law of motion aka the law of inertia- an object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion remains in motion until an unbalanced force interrupts it

In these pictures above it shows he hits and object and his sword comes flying out

Once he hits the object he immediately stops, motion has ceased

The object, his sword, doesn’t stay sheathed but instead flies out and is in motion

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Here you can see the refraction of light as it passes from air to the water. The speed of light in air is faster than in water and this causes the pencil to look broken

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Here you can see the effects of momentum. As the boat turns right the tube accelerates out of the wake and begins to carry momentum. When the boat stops turning the tube does not stop because of its built up momentum.

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I am mid throwing this box of cookies and as it leaves my hands the only things acting on the cookies are gravity and horizontal velocity.

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the physics of music ♫

-sound waves are longitudinal

-HOWEVER

-music is made with the frequencies of standing waves

-standing wave- result of reflection and interference

-different frequencies=different notes (pitches)

-string instruments:

-string has two fixed ends

-cut string in half-  get first harmonic

-cut that in half- get second harmonic

-so on

-standing wave creates peaks along the string (antinodes)

-between those peaks there are points standing still (nodes)

-the fixed ends of these strings are both nodes bc they're stuck in one place

-the wave made by the fixed string will have at least two nodes (one at each end) & one antinode (in the middle)

-harmonic- made up of fundamental wave and overtones

-the fundamental wave is the first harmonic

-overtones- built on the fundamental

-each overtone adds a node & antinode

-overtones are higher-numbered harmonics

-wind/brass instruments:

-air molecules move back and forth in the pipe (my example is a flute)

-the molecules that oscillate the most form antinodes (open ends of the pipe)

-in between the antinodes are the nodes, where the molecules don’t move (closed ends of the pipe)

-thin string=high pitch

-thick string =low pitch

-high frequency=high pitch

-low frequency=low pitch

-(pitches are measured in hertz btw)

-(my string examples are a cello and a bass)

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White light is combination of different wavelengths of light, which are separated into component colors when refracted. When white light from the sun travels into another medium (the prism), it changes speed depending on the wavelength, causing light to refract at varying angles (angle of refraction). The colors are light that are projected onto the paper.

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The strings are stretched across the bridge and nut of the violin so that the ends are stationary. This allows for the creation of standing waves. The frequencies and harmonic overtones of the resulting sounds depend on the material properties of the string. For example, like the tension that's used, the length, and the mass.

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This fruit bowl shows gravity because all of the fruit is being being pulled down.

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This chair and pillow show gravity because the chair pushes the pillow up while gravity pulls it down.

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This mirror shows gravity because it is being hung on the wall, which is what keeps it from falling straight down.

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This picture can be seen to represent Newton's 2nd law. The kid behind me had an acceleration that was dependent on his mass and the force exerted. When he ran into my back it exerted a set amount of force onto me, because of my mass and the force exerted onto me I accelerated forward at a certain speed from his push.

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Guitar strings can be elastic or steel which make them vibrate. Once the guitar is strummed the vibrations turn into sound waves which travel in both directions then come back together

These strings act in a way that can satisfy the relationship between wavelength and frequency which can be represented in the equation f = v/λ. This equation means that the frequency of a wave(f) is dependent on the speed of the wave(v), and the length of the wave. Waves will travel slower on the biggest string (top of sting on guitar) since mass is increased the (v) will decrease.

Frets are the strips of metal that are on the neck of the guitar. The function of the frets is to decrease the length of the strings which will cause a higher frequency. This decreases the length of the sound waves by decreasing the length of the string then increasing the frequency of the string

This guitar is an electric acoustic, meaning it can be played without an amp or with an amp for projection. An amp can control the frequency of the sound sent by the guitar. Changing the frequency can make the sound have a higher or lower pitch. An amp makes the sound louder by recreating the signal and making it stronger when it's sent to the loudspeaker.

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- This ​represents inertia because your body is moving with the car as it is accelerating however as it comes to a quick stop your body continues to move even though the car is no longer in motion. When the brakes are applied by the driver an unbalanced force is applied to the car. The sudden stop causes the forces to not be exerted over enough time to stop the motion of the person driving as well and the person is sent moving forward.

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- When two balls are rolling they continue to roll until something stops them. An object in motion tends to stay in motion unless acted on by an outside force. The outside force could be a wall, hand or friction from the ground. The balls also did not start rolling until they were pushed by an outside force. An object at rest stays at rest unless acted on by an outside force.

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- When you stir a cup of coffee or tea the stirring motion continues even after you remove the spoon and stop stirring due to inertia. This is due to objects resisting having their motion changed so i continues to move in the direction it was being stirred until it slows down and eventually stops. However it does not immediately stop when the spoon is removed because the object is in motion and tends to stay in motion.

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Example #2 is the carpet-to-doorknob test. by walking across the carpet with my socks my body unknowingly is collecting electrons. This is due to the friction of my socks and the surface of the carpet. Due to my moving some of the charges ( positive and negative ) are being ‘exchanged’ in a way. And due to this exchange one object ( me ) may end up having excess negative charges and the other ( carpet ) having excess positive charges. Therefore when I reach a metal object ( metals are conductors for electricity ), it produces a small shock or in other words the electrons leave my body which causes a spark.

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Gravity acts upon the pencil as it drops