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Is a automatic piano

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Aeolian coin operated nickelodeon player piano ragtime

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Aeolian coin operated nickelodeon player piano playing a ragtime piece.

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belief in the abolition of all government and the organization of society on a voluntary, cooperative basis without recourse to force or compulsion.

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a person employed, or a contractor engaged, at a dock to load and unload cargo from ships.

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Atlantic City is a resort city on New Jersey's Atlantic coast that's known for its many casinos, wide beaches and iconic Boardwalk. Established in the 1800s as a health resort, today the city is dotted with glitzy high-rise hotels and nightclubs. In addition to gambling at slot machines and table games, the casinos offer spa treatments, performances by famous comedy and music acts, and high-end shopping.

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RMS Lucitania was a major British Ocean Liner that at one point was the largest passenger ship.

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Harlem is a large neighborhood within the northern section of the New York City borough of Manhattan. Harlem has been known as a major African-American cultural epicenter

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An American explorer who claimed to be the first to reach the North Pole.

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A type of sun umbrella used by women

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smear with tar and then cover with feathers as a punishment.

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Traditionally an immigrant working class neighborhood.

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Written in Latin, the Gutenberg Bible is an edition of the Vulgate, mass printed by Johannes Gutenberg , in Mainz, in present-day Germany, in the 1450s.

extremely rare and valuable.

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An imitation leather material

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Maple Leaf Rag played by Scott Joplin (Alannah)

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Maple Leaf Rag played by Scott Joplin (Alannah)

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Contributed to the industrial revolution in America, created many factory jobs. One example relevant to Ragtime is that Model-T created by Henry Ford was mass produced in an assembly line.

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Provided to YouTube by The Orchard Enterprises The Clef Club March · Paragon Ragtime Orchestra · James Reese Europe · Rick Benjamin Black Manhattan: Theater and Dance Music of James Reese Europe, Will Marion Cook, and Members of the Legendary Clef Club ℗ 2003 Anthology of Recorded Music, Inc.

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coon songs were a genre of music that presented a stereotyped image of African Americans.Popular in the United States from 1880 to 1920

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Also known as The Little Rascals, it was a TV series that portrayed a diverse group of poor children between 1922 and 1944.

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1912, Lawrence, Massachusetts

strikers wanted 15% increase in pay

maintenance of 54 hours work week

double pay for overtime

strike was violent

most workers in this mill was women and young children

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Peary "discovered" the North Pole in 1909

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Village in Westchester County

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A biblical story about a boy hidden by his mother in a basket to keep him from being drowned by Egyptians, by rule of the Pharaoh. The Pharaohs daughter finds him and raises him, and becomes Egyptian royalty.

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Independent working groups comprised of workers themselves; they are dedicated to protecting and serving out the interests of themselves, instead of corporate employers. At this time, strikes and trade unions were quite popular in places without equal employment opportunities.

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adj. devoted to music

n. a symphonic orchestra

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a Jew of central or eastern European descent

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Lativa: a county in Europe, by the Baltic Sea  

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Lativa: a county in Europe, by the Baltic Sea  

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African American pianist and composer famous for his ragtime compositions. He was known as the "King of Ragtime Writers." His style helped transition Americans' taste of music to a more liberal form.

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Language that is a cross between German and Hebrew

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Leon Frank Czolgosz ( Polish pronunciation: ; May 5, 1873 - October 29, 1901) was an American steelworker and anarchist who assassinated American President William McKinley on September 6, 1901 in Buffalo, New York. Czolgosz was executed seven weeks later on October 29, 1901.

Czolgosz was born in Alpena, Michigan, on May 5, 1873. He was one of eight children born to the Polish American family of Paul Czolgosz and his wife Mary Nowak. The Czolgosz family moved to Detroit, Michigan when Leon was 5 years old. When he was 10, while living in Posen, Michigan, Czolgosz's mother died six weeks after giving birth to his sister, Victoria. In his mid-teens, he worked in a glass factory in Natrona, Pennsylvania. By age 17, he found employment at the Cleveland Rolling Mill Company.

After the economic crash of 1893, when the factory closed for some time and looked to reduce wages, the workers went on strike, putting Leon and his brothers out of work. With great economic and social turmoil around him, Czolgosz found little comfort in the Catholic Church and other immigrant institutions, and sought others who shared his concerns regarding injustice. He joined a moderate working man's socialist club, the Knights of the Golden Eagle, and eventually a more radical socialist group known as the Sila Club where he became interested in anarchism.

In 1898, after witnessing a series of similar strikes (many ending in violence), and perhaps ill from a respiratory disease, Czolgosz went to live with his father who had bought a 50 acres (20 ha) farm the year before in Warrensville, Ohio. He did little to assist in the running of the farm and was constantly at odds with his stepmother and with his family's Roman Catholic beliefs. It was later recounted that throughout his life he had never shown any interest in friendship or romantic relationships and was bullied during his childhood by peers.

He became a recluse. He was impressed after hearing a speech by the anarchist Emma Goldman, whom he met for the first time during one of her lectures in Cleveland in May 1901. After the lecture, Czolgosz approached the speakers' platform and asked for reading recommendations. On the afternoon of July 12, 1901, he visited her at the home of Abraham Isaak, publisher of the newspaper Free Society, in Chicago and introduced himself as Fred Nieman (nobody), but Goldman was on her way to the train station. He only had enough time to explain to her about his disappointment in Cleveland's socialists, and for Goldman to introduce him to her anarchist friends who were at the train station. She later wrote a piece in defense of Czolgosz, which paints a portrait of him and his history much at odds with what has been recorded: "Who can tell how many times this American child has gloried in the celebration of the 4th of July, or on Decoration Day, when he faithfully honored the nation's dead? Who knows but what he, too, was willing to 'fight for his country and die for her liberty?,'..." although she also says she did not know him (though they had in fact met briefly) and cannot judge his principles, but nonetheless throughout the essay she, if not outright justifying and suggesting political violence, certainly condones it and offers a favorable view of Czolgosz's act as a blow against tyranny, and suggests that the assassination of a democratically elected President is different from that of an unelected tyrant.

In the weeks that followed, his social awkwardness, his evasiveness, and his blunt inquiries about secret societies around Isaak and another anarchist, Emil Schilling, caused the radical Free Society newspaper to issue a warning pertaining to Czolgosz, on September 1, reading:

ATTENTION! The attention of the comrades is called to another spy. He is well dressed, of medium height, rather narrow shoulders, blond and about 25 years of age. Up to the present he has made his appearance in Chicago and Cleveland. In the former place he remained but a short time, while in Cleveland he disappeared when the comrades had confirmed themselves of his identity and were on the point of exposing him. His demeanor is of the usual sort, pretending to be greatly interested in the cause, asking for names or soliciting aid for acts of contemplated violence. If this same individual makes his appearance elsewhere the comrades are warned in advance, and can act accordingly.

Czolgosz believed there was a great injustice in American society, an inequality which allowed the wealthy to enrich themselves by exploiting the poor. He concluded that the reason for this was the structure of government itself. Then he learned of a European crime which changed his life: On July 29, 1900, King Umberto I of Italy had been shot dead by anarchist Gaetano Bresci. Bresci told the press that he had decided to take matters into his own hands for the sake of the common man.

New York City police lieutenant Joseph Petrosino believed that the same Italian-based anarchist group suspected of responsibility for King Umberto's death was also targeting President McKinley, but his warnings were ignored.

On August 31, 1901, Czolgosz traveled to Buffalo, New York, the site of the Pan-American Exposition, where he rented a room in Nowak's Hotel at 1078 Broadway.

On September 6, Czolgosz went to the exposition armed with a concealed .32 caliber Iver Johnson "Safety Automatic" revolver he had purchased four days earlier. He approached McKinley, who had been standing in a receiving line inside the Temple of Music, greeting the public for ten minutes. At 4:07 P.M., Czolgosz reached the front of the line. McKinley extended his hand. Czolgosz slapped it aside and shot the President in the abdomen twice, at point blank range: the first bullet ricocheted off a coat button and lodged in McKinley's jacket; the other seriously wounded him in his stomach. President McKinley died eight days later on September 14 of an infection which had spread from the wound.

Members of the crowd immediately attacked Czolgosz, as McKinley slumped backward. The President said, "Go easy on him, boys." The police struggled to keep the crowd off of Czolgosz. He was held in a cell at Buffalo's 13th Precinct house at 346 Austin Street until he was moved to police headquarters.

Illustration of how Czolgosz's gun was concealed. Chicago Eagle, September 14, 1901

After McKinley's death, newly inaugurated President Theodore Roosevelt declared, "When compared with the suppression of anarchy, every other question sinks into insignificance."

On September 13, the day before McKinley succumbed to his wounds, Czolgosz was taken from the police headquarters, which were undergoing repairs, and transferred to the Erie County Women's Penitentiary. On September 16, he was brought to the Erie County Jail ahead of being arraigned before County Judge Emery. After the arraignment, Czolgosz was transferred to Auburn State Prison.

A grand jury indicted Czolgosz on September 16 with one count of first-degree murder. Throughout his incarceration, Czolgosz spoke freely with his guards, but he refused every interaction with Robert C. Titus and Loran L. Lewis, the prominent judges-turned-attorneys assigned to defend him, and with the expert psychiatrist sent to test his sanity.

The case was prosecuted by the Erie County District Attorney, Thomas Penney, and assistant D.A. Frederick Haller, whose performance was described as "flawless". Although Czolgosz answered that he was pleading "Guilty", presiding Judge Truman C. White overruled him and entered a "Not Guilty" plea on his behalf.

Even had the jury believed the defense that Czolgosz was insane, by claiming that no sane man would have shot and killed the president in such a public and blatant manner, knowing he would be caught, there was still the legal definition of insanity to be overcome. Under New York law, Czolgosz was legally insane only if he was unable to understand what he was doing. And the jury was unconvinced of Czolgosz's insanity due to the directions given to them by Judge White, thus convicting him in only less than a half-hour of deliberations (a jury member later said it would have been sooner but they wanted to review the evidence before conviction).

His last words were: "I killed the President because he was the enemy of the good people - the good working people. I am not sorry for my crime. I am sorry I could not see my father." Czolgosz was electrocuted by three jolts, each of 1,800 volts, in Auburn Prison on October 29, 1901, 45 days after his victim's death. He was pronounced dead at 7:14 a.m.

Czolgosz's brother, Waldek, and his brother-in-law, Frank Bandowski, were in attendance at the execution. When Waldek asked the warden for his brother's body to be taken for proper burial, he was informed that he "would never be able to take it away" and that crowds of people would mob him.

Czolgosz was autopsied by John E. Gerin; his brain was autopsied by Edward Anthony Spitzka. The autopsy showed his teeth were normal but in poor condition; likewise the external genitals were normal although scars were present - the result of chancroids. The autopsy showed the deceased was in good health; a death mask was made of the deceased. The body was buried on prison grounds following the autopsy. Prison authorities had planned to inter the body with quicklime to hasten its decomposition, but decided otherwise after testing quicklime on a sample of meat. After determining that they were not legally limited to the use of quicklime for the process, they poured sulfuric acid into Czolgosz's coffin so that his body would be completely disfigured. The warden estimated that the acid caused the body to disintegrate within twelve hours. His clothes and possessions were incinerated to discourage exhibitions of his life.

Emma Goldman was arrested on suspicion of being involved in the assassination, but was released, due to insufficient evidence. She later incurred a great deal of negative publicity when she published "The Tragedy at Buffalo". In the article, she compared Czolgosz to Marcus Junius Brutus, the assassin of Julius Caesar, and called McKinley the "president of the money kings and trust magnates." Other anarchists and radicals were unwilling to support Goldman's effort to aid Czolgosz, believing that he had harmed the movement.

The scene of the crime, the Temple of Music, was demolished in November 1901, along with the rest of the Exposition grounds. A stone marker in the median of Fordham Drive, a residential street in Buffalo, marks the approximate spot () where the shooting occurred. Czolgosz's revolver is on display in the Pan-American Exposition exhibit at the Buffalo History Museum in Buffalo.

Lloyd Vernon Briggs, who later became the Director of the Massachusetts Department for Mental Hygiene, reviewed the Czolgosz case in 1901 on behalf of Dr. Walter Channing shortly after Czolgosz's death.

Czolgosz's death was re-enacted in the silent film Execution of Czolgosz with Panorama of Auburn Prison. Czolgosz is also featured as a central character of Stephen Sondheim's musical , in which his assassination of McKinley is depicted in a musical number called "The Ballad of Czolgosz". He was also portrayed in the episode "Leon" by Patton Oswalt as an escaped/captured/released/re-captured soul from Hell who could turn his arms into large guns, but had issues with his father. The 1990 film also makes a reference to Czolgosz, with a photograph on the wall.

Cited sources

Andrews, E. Benjamin (1912). History of the United States. six volumes. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.

"Assassin Czolgosz Is Executed At Auburn. He Declared that He Felt No Regret for His Crime. Autopsy Disclosed No. Mental Abnormalities. Body Buried in Acid in the Prison Cemetery". The New York Times. October 30, 1901. At 7:12:30 o'clock this morning, Leon Frans Czolgosz, murderer of ... the formal finding in his case was composed as follows: Foreman, John P. Jaeckel. ...

"Assassin Known As A Rabid Anarchist; Parents of Czolgosz Found at Home in Cleveland. One Member of the Family Now Draws a Pension from the Federal Government" (PDF). The New York Times (published September 8, 1901). September 7, 1901. Lay summary.

Briggs, L. Vernon (1921). The Manner of Man That Kills.

Channing, Walter (1902). "The Mental Status of Czolgosz". American Journal of Insanity. 59 (2): 1-47. ISSN 0002-953X.

Doherty, Brian (January 2011). "The First War on Terror". Reason Magazine. ISSN 0048-6906. a review of The World That Never Was: A True Story of Dreamers, Schemers, Anarchists, and Secret Agents, by Alex Butterworth, Pantheon Books...

Everett, Marshall (1901). Complete Life of William McKinley and Story of his Assassination.

Goldman, Emma (1931). Living My Life. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.

"Leon Czolgosz Trial: 1901". Great American Trials. New England Publishing. 1994. pp. 225-227.

Lee, Earl (2001). You Are Being Lied To. The Disinformation Company.

Miller, Scott (2011). The President and the Assassin. New York: Random House. ISBN 978-1-4000-6752-7.

Rauchway, Eric (2004). Murdering McKinley: The Making of Theodore Roosevelt's America (paperback ed.). Hill and Wang. ISBN 978-0-8090-1638-9.

Richardson, Heather Cox (August 24, 2003). "A captivating tale of a murder that mattered, and why it did". Chicago Tribune. p. 7. ISSN 1085-6706. Archived from the original on August 24, 2003. a review of Rauchway's Murdering McKinley

Seibert, Jeffrey W. (2002). I Done My Duty: The Complete Story of the Assassination of President McKinley (Illustrated ed.). Bowie, Md.: Heritage Books. ISBN 978-0-7884-2118-1.

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Leon Frank Czolgosz ( Polish pronunciation: ; May 5, 1873 - October 29, 1901) was an American steelworker and anarchist who assassinated American President William McKinley on September 6, 1901 in Buffalo, New York. Czolgosz was executed seven weeks later on October 29, 1901. Czolgosz was born in Alpena, Michigan, on May 5, 1873.

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The Morgan Library, originally called the Pierpont Morgan Library, was a library originally built in the 20th century as J. P. Morgans private library

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a person employed, or a contractor engaged, at a dock to load and unload cargo from ships.

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In 1900, 2.3 million people lived in NYC slums

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The Olympia Theatre, also known as Hammerstein's Olympia, was built by Oscar Hammerstein Longacre Square (Later known as Timews Square). Opened 1895

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Represents interests of workers in the U.S.

Many supported strikes, fighting for better wages adn working hours

Rose with the industrial revolution of the early 1900s

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an extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority, formerly especially an emperor or empress.

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The minstrel show, or minstrelsy, was an American form of entertainment developed in the 19th century of comic skits, variety acts, dancing, and music, performed by white people in blackface or, especially after the U.S. Civil War, by black people.

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A Canadian- American actress who was significant in the development of Hollywood films and was one of "America's Sweethearts"

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British Ocean liner, briefly the worlds largest passenger ship

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compact city on the Miljacka River where the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand sparked World War I

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

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41st Governor of New York (1915-1918)

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a Jewish scholar or teacher, especially one who studies or teaches Jewish law.

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Dwarfed circus performer that travelled across the world.

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A fringed shawl traditionally worn by Jewish men during prayer; tallith

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Jim Europe Clef Club Orchestra (Alannah)

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Jim Europe Clef Club Orchestra (Alannah)

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James Reese Europe founded the Clef Club. which was a 100-piece orchestra of entirely black musicians. Europe composed his music around his role in the American jazz scene.

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In the first decade of the 20th century, 9 million people immigrated to America

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Please click here if you are not redirected within a few seconds.

Find records in our extensive historical archive. 14-day free trial. Start now! Make Instant Discoveries. Easy & Automatic Matches. Start Your Family Tree. Get our DNA Test. Join 106 Million Users. 24/7 Customer Support. Solve Family Mysteries.

Ellis Island is a federally owned island in New York Harbor, within the states of New York and New Jersey, that contains a museum and former immigration inspection station of the same name. Wikipedia

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Please click here if you are not redirected within a few seconds. Easily find immigration records in our extensive historical archive. Start now! Start Your Family Tree. Get our DNA Test. New Records Added Daily. 24/7 Customer Support.

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Famous black university established in the late 1800s in Tuskegee, Alabama

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a way of organizing a society in which major industries are owned and controlled by the government rather than by individual people and companies

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The 25th President of the United States, William McKinley, was shot and fatally wounded on September 6, 1901, inside the Temple of Music on the grounds of the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York. McKinley was shaking hands with the public when he was shot by Leon Czolgosz, ananarchist. The President died on September 14 from gangrene caused by the bullet wounds. McKinley became the third American president to be assassinated, following Abraham Lincoln in 1865 and James A. Garfield in 1881. - wikipedia

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a small Jewish town or village in eastern Europe

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German submarines used in WW1 and WW2

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Form of theatre in which many unrelated acts are strung together for a full show.

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Fred Astaire Judy Garland Vaudeville Medley

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Bessie Love and Gus Shy sing and dance: "Gee But I'd like To Make You Happy" - from 1930

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African American explorer co-credited with finding the North Pole.

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Yiddish word for Father. In Ragtime, Tateh is a Jewish immigrant who endures extreme economic and social hardships in the U.S.