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Type or energy
Description with image
Advantages
Disadvantages
Sources of information

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Type: Non renewable energy.

Description: Fossil fuels – coal, oil and natural gas – are hydrocarbons which when burnt release energy.
Energy can be used directly e.g. petrol in cars or indirectly to produce electricity.

Advantages
Cheap and infrastructure for extraction is available.

Disadvantages burning of fossil fuels releases greenhouse gases which are linked to global warming.
Fossil fuels can be difficult and costly to extract, as they're buried deep underground.
Fossil fuels are non renewable - it takes about 1 million years to make the amount of fossil fuels we use in a year
Remaining fossil fuel supplies:
Coal – 250 years
Gas – 70 years
Oil – 50 years

Sources
https://www.twig-world.com/film/fossil-fuels-use-1317/   https://www.google.com/search?q=gas+burner&rlz=1C1GCEV_en&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi_yOu5x4LvAhWEwVkKHVe7ClcQ_AUoAXoECCUQAw&biw=1536&bih=750&safe=active&ssui=on

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Description- An impoundment facility, typically a large hydropower system, uses a dam to store river water in a reservoir. Water released from the reservoir flows through a turbine, spinning it, which in turn activates a generator to produce electricity.

Advantages:
Hydropower is renewable since the water used to create this energy remains on Earth and can be used for other purposes afterward.
Hydropower requires a low operating cost compared to other energy sources.
Dams used for getting hydro electric energy can also be used for controlling bodies of water.

Disadvantages:
The cost of building dams is very expensive compared.
Building dams can have negative effects on the environment of the area in which they were built.

links: https://www.twig-world.com/film/hydropower-1333/

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Find out how to capture the power of water.

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Type: Non-renewable

Description:
- Nuclear power releases heat by splitting atoms with no resulting emissions
- Created using uranium mined from the ground (finite supply)
- Reserves of Uranium will last hundreds or thousands of years
- Example: France uses nuclear power as their main source of electricity (80%)

Advantages:
- Nuclear power is a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels
- Does not produce polluting gases
- Relatively cheap

Disadvantages:
- Radioactive materials and waste
- Costly long term waste disposal
- Health implications

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Description: A type of ocean based renewable energy source that uses the power of the waves to generate electricity. Wave energy uses the vertical movement of the surface water that produces tidal waves. It’s usually measured by shoreline devices, nearshore devices and offshore devices.

Wave energy advantages:

Abundant and clean energy resource;

Pollution free;

Reduces dependence on fossil fuels;

Wave energy is usually predictable;

Presents no barriers or difficulty to migrating fish and aquatic animals.

Disadvantages:

Wave energy conversion devices are location dependent requiring suitable sites where the waves are consistently strong.

Intermittent power generation as the waves come in intervals and does not generate power during calm periods.

Sources:
https://www.alternative-energy-tutorials.com/wave-energy/wave-energy.html

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Description:
Geothermal power plants use steam to produce electricity. The steam comes from reservoirs of hot water found a few miles or more below the earth's surface. The steam rotates a turbine that activates a generator, which produces electricity. There are three types of geothermal power plants: dry steam, flash steam, and binary cycle.

Advantages:

1. Renewable and Sustainable: Geothermal energy is a renewable resource as it relies on the Earth's internal heat,

2. Low Emissions: They release minimal greenhouse gases and air pollutants, contributing to reduced air pollution and mitigating climate change.

3. Long Lifespan: Geothermal power plants have a long lifespan, typically lasting 30 to 50 years. Doesnt require much added infrastructure

Disadvantages:

1. Location Constraints: Geothermal energy is not accessible worldwide. It is primarily available in regions with high geothermal activity. Limited geographical availability restricts its widespread adoption.

2. High Initial Costs: Developing a geothermal power plant can require significant upfront investment. Exploration, drilling, and infrastructure costs can be substantial.

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Tidal hydropower: rotating blades are placed on the seafloor which powers an electricity generator with their movement. 

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Advantages:
1. Water is denser than air, therefore producing more with less
2. No greenhouse gases are emitted.

Disadvantages:
1. Expensive to set up and maintain
2. Technology is slow to develop

Sources of information:
https://www.pnnl.gov/explainer-articles/tidal-energy#:~:text=Benefits%20of%20tidal%20energy&text=Water%20is%20hundreds%20of%20times,renewable%20energy%20source%20to%20pursue.

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Type: Renewable energy

Places like UK are suitable for wind farms because they are naturally a windy country. However there has been local opposition because it is apparently wrecking the countryside, they produce noise and visual pollution.

Offshore wind farms are a solution for this however they are expensive and time consuming to build to set up. Even though winds are stronger offshore wind energy is considered inefficient. An example is that it takes 2,400 wind turbines to produce what one nuclear plant would produce

UK is investing large amounts of capital in wind in order for it to become the most dominant source of energy, however it is still controversial.

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non-renwable

Advantages of using coal:

1. Availability: Coal is a relatively abundant resource, with reserves that are estimated to last for several decades or even centuries.

2. Affordability: Coal is one of the most cost-effective sources of energy, making it a popular choice for electricity generation and industrial processes.

3. Energy density: Coal has a high energy density, which means that it can produce a lot of energy for a relatively small volume of fuel.

4. Reliability: Coal-fired power plants can provide a reliable and stable source of electricity, which is important for industries and communities that depend on a steady supply of power.

Disadvantages of using coal:

1. Environmental impact: Coal mining and combustion are associated with a range of environmental impacts, including air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and land disturbance.

2. Health impacts: Exposure to coal dust and other pollutants from coal mining and combustion can lead to respiratory and other health problems.

3. Non-renewable: Coal is a non-renewable resource, which means that once it is depleted, it cannot be replenished.

4. Unsustainable: Coal is a major contributor to global climate change, and its continued use is incompatible with the goal of achieving a sustainable and low-carbon economy.

5. Dependence on transportation: Coal must be transported from mines to power plants or other users, which can create logistical challenges and environmental impacts, such as air and water pollution from transportation emissions and spills.

sources:
https://www.dentonisd.org/cms/lib/TX21000245/Centricity/Domain/9037/energy%20resources%20advantages%20disadvantages.pdf

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Type: Renewable Energy

Description: The energy from the sun. It's the most abundant resource on Earth. It can be captured using various technologies, such as solar panels. The man types of solar energy are photovoltaic and thermal.

Advantages: Can be used in remote areas, has la ow running cost ( sunlight energy is free), is silent and is sustainable, renewable and reliable.

Disadvantages: Relatively high capital cost, the production of solar panels produces pollution, and no electricity is produced in periods with no sunlight, so it is required to store the electricity produced. Also needs sunlight, which varies regionally and seasonally, so it is weather dependent.

Sources: https://app.kognity.com/study/app/ess-4-sl-class-2024/sid-69-cid-172069/book/renewable-energy-i-id-8751/ and https://news.energysage.com/what-is-solar-energy/

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scotland has a great oportunity to exploit wave energy has they have a big coast that they share with the atlantic ocean, and it is a very untapped resource

The tecnology that is used is a turbine that is put underwater a creates electricity by catching the kinetic motion of the waves and tides and creates electricity.

The advantages of this machine is that it does not obstruct the local environment.

a piece of tecnology that is being used is a machine that collectes the water and pumps it to shore and then the machine converts the kinetic motion to electricity.