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the technologies of choice delivered audio and visual materials to accompany written texts

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Audio formats used in classrooms evolved from cylinder recordings to phonographrecords

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Audio formats used in classrooms evolved from cylinder recordings to phonographrecords

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and then, the radio,
and then,  Photographs and slides,
and then, films-movies (moving pictures)

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Mid‐century: Repetition as the mother of learning

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Mid‐century: Repetition as the mother of learning

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Audiolingual Method!
Language labs
Behavioristic approach

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 late 1960s and early 1970s computers had evolved!

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 late 1960s and early 1970s computers had evolved!

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with keyboard allowed interaction, creation

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Early CALL--> pathway to CALL application

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Early CALL--> pathway to CALL application

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*practice the forms of language, self‐pacing and self‐ selection of exercises;
*immediate performance feedback;
*assessment of mastery, based on cumulative performance;
*liberating the teacher from correcting endless workbook assignments
*freeing up class time so that the teacher could focus on communicative activities

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The vast majority of CALL exercises were vocabulary flashcards,
text‐based grammar drill‐and‐practice of uncontextualized forms and sentences,
and translations --> are we going back behavioristic paradigms??

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The 1960s to early 1980s: Interactivity and authenticity

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The 1960s to early 1980s: Interactivity and authenticity

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microcomputers! computers are everywhere, in every home-- but baby steps!

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Apple II in 1977 and
the IBM PC in 1981

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looks like a huge calculator rather than a PC

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Tandberg Computer‐Controlled Cassette Recorder - 1984

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or VHS casettes for videos

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games and simulations, rather than drill practices

Games constituted the antithesis of drill‐and‐practice, offering instead a fun context for communicative language use.

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Standards for Foreign Language Learning: Preparing for the 21st century (1996 )

*building proficiency in five spheres:
- Communication,
- Cultures,
-Connections,
-Comparisons,
- Communities.

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the integration of CD/DVD players,
microphone as an input source

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interaction between people and cultures

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WEB based development tools for language

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Learning Management Systems (LMCs) orCourse Management Systems (CMSs) 

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Learning Management Systems (LMCs) orCourse Management Systems (CMSs) 

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baby steps to distance learning-online learning

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Early 21st century: The social turn: tutorial-CALL & tool CALL

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Early 21st century: The social turn: tutorial-CALL & tool CALL

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*tutorial CALL (programs that substitute for the teacher in delivering language instruction, practice, and evaluation)
*tool CALL (the use of generic productivity, e‐learning, and digital media creation applications for teaching)