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Plato and Aristotle, who were two major philosophers of this century, helped build the basics of what music meant in terms of function and overall physicality. Although both of them had two opposing views, they both help us realize that music has a function in society.

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BCE Philosopher and Mathmetician Pythagoras identifies the mathematical relationships that are apart of the harmonic series. It helped calculate the numerical ratios that define intervals between notes.

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The Roman music culture is established.The music of Rome took a lot from the Greek as well as their own manner of how they lived.

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The Romans did not contribute to the theory or philosophy of music but did develop older Greek ideas.

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The Emperor Constantine issued the EDict of Milan, allowing religious freedom to Christians and made Christianity the official religion of the empire. Began Music in churches - Our understanding of music from the 4th-9th century is due to the preservation of these texts in Churches.

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Emperor Constantine made the city of modern day Instanbul his imperial capital, so that while the Christian Church remianed centered around the pope, the eastern branch grew up in Byzantium, which produced the modern Orthodox Church.

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St. Augustine wrote "Confessions" which is him confessing his dilemma of whether or not music should form part of the Christian worship or not.

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The churches and monasteries in the different parts of Europe developed a number of local music idioms.

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St. Ambrose, bishop of Milan, was a musical leader in the early church who was credited with the promotion of singing hymns in the means of strengthening the faith. (Ambrosian Chant)

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Ancius Manlius Severinus Boethius followed Capella's lead by writing "De institutione musica" which arranged many of the ancient ideas about Music. He was concerned about speculative music; both harmonic principles and mathematical principles. Boethius also contributed the three trains of thought: Musica Mundana, Musica Humana and Musica Instrumentalis.

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Martianus Capella outlined a program based on the seven "liberal arts" divided in two divisions: the Trivium and the Quadrivium. The Trivium consisted of Ars Grammatica(Grammar), Ars Rhetorica(Rhetoric/Style) and Ars Dialectica(Logic). The Quadrivium consisted of Ars Mathematica (Basic Math), Ars Geometria (Geometry), Ars Musica (Music) and Ars Astronomia (Astronomy).

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St. Patrick founded the Celtic Musical tradition but didn't last past the 7th century. ( Celtic Chant)

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Singers in the Frankish territories developed its musical idiom called Gallican chant, which was one of the most influential chants in the Western Chants later on.

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Music Theorists organized the tonal structures of Byzantine church music on the basis of the Modal System.

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Mozarabic Chant originated from Spain and Portugal on the Iberian Peninsula. The surviving musical manuscripts are almost indecipherable.

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Charlemagne  understood the need to base his secular power on the support of the church. Pope Leo III was threatened and Charlemagne came to the rescue. Charlemagne was then Crowned the Holy Roman Empire on Christmas day in 800.

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Musicians began to develop a notation that would preserve itself. ( Roman Chant)

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Development of the Gregorian Chant in Europe led by Pope Gregory I, who led the church from 590-604.

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The practice of troping chant continued from the 9th Century through 12th century.

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Minstrels sang tales and traveled from place to place where any audience could be found. They consisted of men and women.

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Lyrical poetry of the Troubadours began in Aquitaine. The most famous was England's King Richard the Lionhearted.

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Guido de'Arezzo contributed to the music education system for teaching sight-singing. The Guidonian hand is very famous as a teaching method "showing" the names of the notes in the places of each knuckle.

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German Philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche established the use for terms Apollonian for art that is abstract and appeals to intellect and Dionysian for art that arouses the emotions. This is important because He is giving us more ways to classify music through the ancient gods.

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Goliards are introduced in the 11th and 12th centures and are described as young men who traveled from place to place making a living through singing.

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The Italian tradition of popular spiritual songs were called Laude. They were almost like folk songs than those of the troubadours. The Portuguese and Spanish also began to write songs in the vernacular. In Britian, they created Carols.

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Many instruments including the Harp, Lute, Bagpipes and Organ were made available during this time.