# data[].attributes.body
Topic: International Aid and Globally directed (UN) development work don’t work

Sources:
Bodenstein, Thilo, & Kemmerling, Achim. (2015). A Paradox of Redistribution in International Aid? The Determinants of Poverty-Oriented Development Assistance. World Development, 76, 359-369.

Alesina, Alberto, & Dollar, David. (2000). Who Gives Foreign Aid to Whom and Why? Journal of Economic Growth (Boston, Mass.), 5(1), 33-63.

Breuning, M. (1995). Words and deeds: Foreign assistance rhetoric and policy behavior in the netherlands, belgium, and the united kingdom. International Studies Quarterly, 39(2), 235. https://doi.org/10.2307/2600848

Burnell, P. (1998). Britain’s new government, new White Paper, new aid? Eliminating world poverty: A challenge for the 21st century. Third World Quarterly, 19(4), 787–802. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436599814244

Collier, P. (2007). The bottom billion : Why the poorest countries are failing and what can be done about it. Oxford ; New York: Oxford University Press.

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Q1:International Aid and Globally directed development work don’t work. Discuss this statement, remembering to include arguments on both sides of the debate and their relevance to multi-lateral aid and development.

the sourse i have found:
1.
Healey, J. (2012). International aid [electronic resource]. Thirroul, NSW, Australia: Spinney Press.

2.
Morton, K. (2005). International aid and China's environment : taming the yellow dragon. London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.

3.
International Aid and Democracy Promotion. (2020). Routledge.

4.
Krueger, A. (n.d.). International aid for developing countries in the age of Covid-19.

5.
Alesina, Alberto, & Dollar, David. (2000). Who Gives Foreign Aid to Whom and Why? Journal of Economic Growth (Boston, Mass.), 5(1), 33–63. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009874203400

6.
Heywood, A. (2014). Global politics (Second edition.). Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.

7.
Hallberg, K., & World Bank. Operations Evaluation Dept. (2005). Improving investment climates [electronic resource] : an evaluation of World Bank Group assistance. Washington, DC: World Bank.

8.

Develtere, P., Huyse, Huib, & Ongevalle, Jan Van. (2012). How do we help? [electronic resource] : the free market in development aid. Leuven: Universitaire Pers Leuven.

9.

Buntaine, M. T. (2016). Giving aid effectively : the politics of environmental performance and selectivity at multilateral development banks (First edition.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

10.

Lia, B. (2007). Building Arafat's police [electronic resource] : the politics of international police assistance in the Palestinian territories after the Oslo Agreement (1st ed.). Reading, UK: Ithaca Press.

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Global governance is an effective mechanism to combat climate change and environmental issues. Discuss this statement in the light of Global Governance and Globalisation, remembering to include arguments on both sides of the debate.：

1.Deere-Birkbeck, C. (2009). Global governance in the context of climate change: the challenges of increasingly complex risk parameters. International Affairs, 85(6), 1173-1194.

2.Gough, I. (2013). Climate change, social policy, and global governance. Journal of International and Comparative Social Policy, 29(3), 185-203.

3.Held, D., & Hervey, A. (2011). Democracy, climate change and global governance: Democratic agency and the policy menu ahead. The governance of climate change, 2011, 89-110.

4.Biermann, F., Pattberg, P., Van Asselt, H., & Zelli, F. (2009). The fragmentation of global governance architectures: A framework for analysis. Global environmental politics, 9(4), 14-40.

5.Zürn, M. (2010). Global governance as multi-level governance. Handbook on multi-level governance, 80-99.

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topic: Multiculturalism is compatible with civic unity. Discuss this statement with reference to culture, identity and its impact on globalisation, remembering to include arguments on both sides of the debate.

sources:
Schlesinger, A. M. (1998). The disuniting of America: Reflections on a multicultural society(Revised and enlarged edition). Norton.

Meer, N., & Modood, T. (2012). How does interculturalism contrast with multiculturalism? Journal of Intercultural Studies, 33(2), 175–196. https://doi.org/10.1080/07256868.2011.618266

Bajpai, R. (2019). 7. Multiculturalism in India: An Exception?. In R. Ashcroft & M. Bevir (Ed.), Multiculturalism in the British Commonwealth (pp. 127-149). Berkeley: University of California Press. https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520971103-008

Modood, T. (2014). Understanding ‘Death of Multiculturalism’ discourse means understanding multiculturalism. Journal of Multicultural Discourses, 9(3), 201–211. https://doi.org/10.1080/17447143.2014.934254

Meer, N., Modood, T., & Zapata-Barrero, R. (Eds.). (2016). Multiculturalism and interculturalism: Debating the dividing lines. Edinburgh University Press.

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Globalisation has been a liberating and democratising force for civil society. Discuss this statement, remembering to include arguments on both sides of the debate.Zifcak, S. (2005). Globalisation and the rule of law. London ; New York: Routledge.
Hay, C., & Marsh, David. (2001). Demystifying globalization [electronic resource]. Basingstoke : New York: Macmillan in association with POLSIS, University of Birmingham.
Gygli, Savina, Haelg, Florian, Potrafke, Niklas, & Sturm, Jan-Egbert. (2019). The KOF Globalisation Index – revisited. Review of International Organizations, 14(3), 543–574. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-019-09344-2
Rosow, S. J. (2015). Globalization and democracy. Lanham, Maryland ; London, England: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.

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Global governance is an effective mechanism to combat  climate change and environmental issues. Discuss this statement in the light of Global Governance and Globalisation, remembering to include arguments on both sides of the debate.

Bulkeley, H., & Castán Broto, V. (2013). Government by experiment? Global cities and the governing of climate change: Government by experiment? Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 38(3), 361–375. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5661.2012.00535.x

Lyeonov, S., Pimonenko, T., Bilan, Y., Štreimikienė, D., & Mentel, G. (2019). Assessment of green investments’ impact on sustainable development: Linking gross domestic product per capita, greenhouse gas emissions and renewable energy. Energies, 12(20), 3891. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12203891

Hunt, J., & Wu, J. (2017). Asian urban environment and climate change: Preface. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 59, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2017.07.019

Li, D. H. W., Yang, L., & Lam, J. C. (2012). Impact of climate change on energy use in the built environment in different climate zones – A review. Energy, 42(1), 103–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2012.03.044

Arndt, C., & Tarp, F. (2017). Aid, environment and climate change. Review of Development Economics, 21(2), 285–303. https://doi.org/10.1111/rode.12291

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Anderson, Bret, Dore-Welch, Elizabeth, & Johnson, Kristin. (2019). Think Globally, Teach Locally: Experiencing the Foreign Aid Debate Through Service Learning. The Forum for Social Economics, 48(4), 334–353. https://doi.org/10.1080/07360932.2016.1222946

Martin, Sonya N. (2010). "Act locally, publish globally": International/multi-disciplinary research efforts needed to understand the impact of globalization on science education. Cultural Studies of Science Education, 5(2), 263–273. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11422-010-9270-x

Fink, Günther, & Redaelli, Silvia. (2011). Determinants of International Emergency Aid—Humanitarian Need Only? World Development, 39(5), 741–757. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2010.09.004

Richard Vaughan. (2013). International Aid - Education corruption costs billions globally. The Times Educational Supplement, 5063, 8.

Alesina, Alberto, & Dollar, David. (2000). Who Gives Foreign Aid to Whom and Why? Journal of Economic Growth (Boston, Mass.), 5(1), 33-63.

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Global governance is an effective mechanism to combat climate change and enviromental issues. Discuss this statement in the light of Global governance and Globalisation, remembering to include arguments on both sides of the debate.

1. Zelli, F., & van Asselt, H. (2013). Introduction: The institutional fragmentation of global environmental governance: causes, consequences, and responses. Global Environmental Politics, 13(3), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1162/GLEP_a_00180

2. Dellmuth, L. M., & Gustafsson, M.-T. (2021). Global adaptation governance: How intergovernmental organizations mainstream climate change adaptation. Climate Policy, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2021.1927661

3.Maria, D. L., Maria-Therese, G., & Ece, K. (2020). Global adaptation governance: Explaining the governance responses of international organizations to new issue linkages. Environmental Science & Policy, 114, 204–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2020.07.027

4. Chang, Y.-C., Wang, C., Khan, M. I., & Wang, N. (2020). Legal practices and challenges in addressing climate change and its impact on the oceans—A Chinese perspective. Marine Policy, 111, 103355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2018.11.018

5.Hickmann, T., & Elsässer, J. P. (2020). New alliances in global environmental governance: How intergovernmental treaty secretariats interact with non-state actors to address transboundary environmental problems. International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, 20(3), 459–481. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10784-020-09493-5

# data[].attributes.headline
International Aid and Globally directed (UN) development work don’t work. Discuss this statement, remembering to include arguments on both sides of the debate and their relevance to multi-lateral aid and development.

# data[].attributes.subject
International Aid and Globally directed (UN) development work don’t work. Discuss this statement, remembering to include arguments on both sides of the debate and their relevance to multi-lateral aid and development.

# data[].attributes.body
1.Robelski, Swantje, et al. ‘(Un)Bounded Social Work?—Analysis of Working Conditions in Refugee and Homeless Aid in Relation to Perceived Job Stress and Job Satisfaction’. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 17, no. 2, Jan. 2020, p. 601. DOI.org (Crossref), doi:10.3390/ijerph17020601.

2.Radell RC(2008) Does foregn aid really work.
Oxford University,press/
3.Shafiullah M (2011) foeregn aid & its impact on  income inequality. International review of research  papers.72,,91-105.
3.Collier P(2007)the bottom, why the poorest countries falling & what can be done about it.

Sharika MOON

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Global governance is an effective mechanism to combat climate change and environmental issues.

Source:
Abbott, K. W., Green, J. F., & Keohane, R. O. (2016). Organizational ecology and institutional change in global governance. International Organization, 70(2), 247–277.

Bisaro, A., & Hinkel, J. (2016). Governance of social dilemmas in climate change adaptation. Nature Climate Change, 6(4), 354–359.

Castán Broto, V. (2017). Urban governance and the politics of climate change. World Development, 93, 1–15.

Dorsch, M. J., & Flachsland, C. (2017). A polycentric approach to global climate governance. Global Environmental Politics, 17(2), 45–64.

Kern, K., & Bulkeley, H. (2009). Cities, europeanization and multi-level governance: Governing climate change through transnational municipal networks. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 47(2), 309–332.

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Global governance is an effective mechanism to combat climate change and environmental issues. Discuss this statement in the light of Global Governance and Globalisation, remembering to include arguments on both sides of the debate:

Siddharth Shekhar Yadav, Kristina Maria Gjerde,
The ocean, climate change and resilience: Making ocean areas beyond national jurisdiction more resilient to climate change and other anthropogenic activities,Marine Policy,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2020.104184.

Richard Stafford, Peter J.S. Jones,Viewpoint – Ocean plastic pollution: A convenient but distracting truth?,Marine Policy,2019,
Pages 187-191,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2019.02.003

V. Ramanathan, Y. Feng,
Air pollution, greenhouse gases and climate change: Global and regional perspectives,Atmospheric Environment,2009,
Pages 37-50,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.09.063.

Scavia, D., Field, J.C., Boesch, D.F. et al. Climate change impacts on U.S. Coastal and Marine Ecosystems. Estuaries 25, 149–164 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02691304

Jelle Bijma, Hans-O. Pörtner, Chris Yesson, Alex D. Rogers,Climate change and the oceans – What does the future hold?,
Marine Pollution Bulletin,
2013,Pages 495-505,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.07.022.

# data[].attributes.body
Global governance is an effective mechanism to combat climate change and environmental issues. Discuss this statement in the light of Global Governance and Globalisation, remembering to include arguments on both sides of the debate.：

Betsill, Michele M, & Bulkeley, Harriet. (2006). Cities and the Multilevel Governance of Global Climate Change. Global Governance, 12(2), 141–160. https://doi.org/10.1163/19426720-01202004
Biermann, F., Siebenhüner, Bernd, & Schreyogg, Anna. (2009). International organizations in global environmental governance [electronic resource]. Routledge.
Jaenicke, Martin. (2017). The Multi‐level System of Global Climate Governance – the Model and its Current State. Environmental Policy and Governance, 27(2), 108–121. https://doi.org/10.1002/eet.1747
Gupta, Joyeeta, & Pahl-Wostl, Claudia. (2013). Global Water Governance in the Context of Global and Multilevel Governance. Ecology and Society, 18(4), 53. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-05952-180453
Kumar, R. (2020). The united nations and global environmental governance. Strategic Analysis, 44(5), 479–489. https://doi.org/10.1080/09700161.2020.1824462

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1. International Aid and Globally directed (UN) development work don’t work. Discuss this statement, remembering to include arguments on both sides of the debate and their relevance to multi-lateral aid and development.

Riddell, R. C. (2008). Does foreign aid really work?. Oxford University Press.

Yontcheva, B., & Masud, N. (2005). Does Foreign Aid Reduce Poverty? Empirical Evidence From Nongovernmental and Bilateral Aid. IMF Working Papers, 05(100), 1. https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451861198.001

Cohen, M. A. (2013). Giving to developing countries: Controversies and paradoxes of international aid. Social Research: An International Quarterly, 80(2), 591-606.

Van Tilburg, C. (2015). Controversies in medical aid to developing countries: balancing help and harm. International Health, 7(3), 147-148. https://doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihv028

Shafiullah, M. (2011). Foreign aid and its impact on income inequality. International Review of Business Research Papers, 7(2), 91-105.

# data[].attributes.body
International Aid and Globally directed (UN) development work don’t work. Discuss this statement, remembering to include arguments on both sides of the debate and their relevance to multi-lateral aid and development.

Milanović, B. (2005). Worlds apart [electronic resource] : measuring international and global inequality (Course Book.). Princeton University Press.

Ang, Y. Y. (2016). How China escaped the poverty trap. Cornell University Press.

Healey, J. (2012). International aid [electronic resource]. Spinney Press.

Deeks, Steven G, Lewin, Sharon R, Ross, Anna Laura, Ananworanich, Jintanat, Benkirane, Monsef, Cannon, Paula, Chomont, Nicolas, Douek, Daniel, Lifson, Jeffrey D, Lo, Ying-Ru, Kuritzkes, Daniel, Margolis, David, Mellors, John, Persaud, Deborah, Tucker, Joseph D, Barre-Sinoussi, Françoise, Alter, Galit, Auerbach, Judith, Autran, Brigitte, … Chen, Zhiwei. (2016). International AIDS Society global scientific strategy: Towards an HIV cure 2016. Nature Medicine, 22(8), 839–850. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.4108

Fink, Günther, & Redaelli, Silvia. (2011). Determinants of International Emergency Aid—Humanitarian Need Only? World Development, 39(5), 741–757. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2010.09.004

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Topic: International Aid and Globally directed (UN) development work don’t work

Sources:
Bodenstein, Thilo, & Kemmerling, Achim. (2015). A Paradox of Redistribution in International Aid? The Determinants of Poverty-Oriented Development Assistance. World Development, 76, 359-369.

Alesina, Alberto, & Dollar, David. (2000). Who Gives Foreign Aid to Whom and Why? Journal of Economic Growth (Boston, Mass.), 5(1), 33-63.

Breuning, M. (1995). Words and deeds: Foreign assistance rhetoric and policy behavior in the netherlands, belgium, and the united kingdom. International Studies Quarterly, 39(2), 235. https://doi.org/10.2307/2600848

Burnell, P. (1998). Britain’s new government, new White Paper, new aid? Eliminating world poverty: A challenge for the 21st century. Third World Quarterly, 19(4), 787–802. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436599814244

Collier, P. (2007). The bottom billion : Why the poorest countries are failing and what can be done about it. Oxford ; New York: Oxford University Press.