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Modal verbs are used to express certain hypothetical conditions, such as advice, capability, or requests (there’s a full list in the next section). They’re used alongside a main verb to change its meaning slightly. Because they’re auxiliary verbs, they can’t necessarily be used on their own. (A modal verb should only appear alone if it’s clear from context what the main verb is.)

Consider the difference between these two examples:

I swim every Tuesday.

I can swim every Tuesday.

The first example is a simple factual statement. The speaker participates in a swimming activity every week on Tuesdays.

The second example uses the modal verb can. Notice how the meaning changes slightly. The speaker does not swim every Tuesday; they’re saying they are capable of swimming every Tuesday if they need to. It’s hypothetical.

Modal verbs are quite common in English, and you’ve probably seen them hundreds of times without actually knowing their name. The most frequently used ones are:

can

may

might

could

should

would

will

must

There are more modal verbs, although the ones above are the most common. Some modal verbs are outdated and rarely used—like shall and ought to—while others are more colloquial—such as got to, need to, or have to. Some express very specific conditions that don’t come up often, like dare, for example, “I dare say.” The phrase , as in “I used to be an English student, too,” also behaves like a modal verb.

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Some things seem likely, but we don’t know for sure. In these cases, you can use the modal verbs should and must to show probability without certainty.

Her parents must be so proud.

My baby brother should be asleep by now.

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In situations when something is possible but not certain, use the modal verbs could, may, or might.

Judging by the clouds, it might rain today.

She may become the youngest pro soccer player ever.

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The modal verb can shows whether or not the subject is able to do something, such as perform an action or demonstrate an ability. Likewise, the negative form, cannot or can’t, shows that the subject is unable to do something.

She can speak three languages, but none of them well.

You can lead a horse to water, but you can’t make it drink.

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If you want to ask permission to do something, start your question with can, may, or could. Traditionally, in more formal and polite usage, may is better for permission; if you ask “can I go to the bathroom?” it could be misinterpreted as, “do I have the ability to go to the bathroom?” (However, in modern usage may and can are both perfectly acceptable options when describing possibility or permission.)

May I leave early today?

Could I play too?

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Similarly, if you want to ask someone else to do something, start your question with will, would, can, or could.

Would you get that box off the top shelf?

Will you turn that music down?

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What if you want to recommend something, but not command it? If you’re giving suggestions or advice without ordering someone around, you can use the modal verb should.

You should try the lasagna.

That guy should wear less cologne.

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On the other hand, if you want to command someone, use the modal verbs must, have to, or need to.

You must wash your hands before cooking.

You need to be here before 8:00.

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Modal verbs can express a necessary action, such as an obligation, duty, or requirement. Likewise, the negative form expresses that an action is not necessary. Use the same modal verbs as with commands: must, have to, or need to.

We have to wait for our boss to arrive before we open.

You don’t need to come if you don’t want to.

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I could have had accident last night – Dün gece kaza geçirebilirdim

If I stay in my normal job, I may have been a millionaire – Normal işime devam etseydim şimdiye milyoner olmuştum belki

I could have won the race if I ran much more fast – Daha hızlı koşsaydım yarışmayı kazanabilirdim

They must have been at home last night because their lights were on – Dün gece evdeydiler (tahmin) çünkü ışıkları açıktı

You must have been so tired last night after sport – Dün gece spordan sonra çok yorgun olmuş olmalısın

Jack must have cheated in the exam because he got 100 points even his top grade ise 20 – Jack sınavda kopya çekmiştir çünkü 100 puan aldı (en yüksek notu 20 olmasına rağmen)

She couldn’t have gone because her pursue is on me – O gitmiş olamaz çünkü cüzdanı burada

It couldn’t have rained so much, if it could, you should be wet now – Çok yağmur yağmıyor sanırsam. Aksi taktirde ıslanırdın

He may have had nasal operation because he said he can’t breath comfortably – O burnundan rahat nefes alamıyor. Burun ameliyatı geçirmiş olabilir

You can’t have eaten all food because it was for five people – Tüm yemeği yemiş olamazsın çünkü yemek 5 kişi içindi

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1. Will Jessica be able to deal with given homeworks? – Jessica verilen ödevleri yapabilecek mi?

2. You are able to do it – Sen bunu yapabilirsin

3. I am so sorry that I haven’t be able to come to the meeting on time – Çok üzgünüm. Toplantıya vaktinde gelemedim

4. It is excellent being able to watch you on the pitches – Seni sahalarda görebilmek harika

5. He wasn’t able to comprehend what I meant – Ne demek istediğimi tam olarak kavrayamadı

6. I was fired and I wasn’t able to get foods. I hadn’t money– Kovulmuştum ve yemek bile alamıyordum. Param yoktu

7. They will not able to catch up us – Bizi yakalayamayacaklar

8. Do you trust in yourself? Are you able to overcome those situations – Kendine güveniyor musun? Bu durumların üstesinden gelebilecek misin?

9. Your brother is able to understand computer literate – Senin kardeşin bilgisayarın dilinden anlıyor

10. Our teacher has assigned us to write 4 essays in a 2 days. Will we able to do them? – Hocamız 2 günde 4 makale yazmamızı istedi. Yapabilecek miyiz?

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TEK VİDEODA TÜM MODALLAR 📝 | can, could, should, would, will, may, might, must | İNGİLİZCE ✏️

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Past Modals | Perfect Modals Konu Anlatımı | İngilizce Öğreniyorum