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The Missouri Compromise, passed in 1820, admitted Maine as a free state and Missouri as a slave state into the Union. It also banned slavery in the Louisiana Purchase lands located along the 36th parallel. The purpose of this legislation was to  preserve the balance of power in Congress between slave and free states.

Was the MO Compromise a lasting solution to the debate between slave and free states?

Answer: No, the MO Compromise was not a lasting solution to the debate between slave and free states. The MO Compromise increased sectionalism between Northern and Southern States over slavery which was one of the causes of the American Civil War.

Link: https://www.history.com/topics/abolitionist-movement/missouri-compromise

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The Wilmot Proviso was a law enacted to prohibit slavery in newly acquired land after the Mexican-American War. (1846-1848)

Why was the Wilmot Proviso protested by Southerners?

Answer: The Wilmot Proviso was protested by Southerners because these Southerners wanted to bring their slaves into the land to work. They believed that slavery should be legal everywhere in the United States.

Link: https://ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Wilmot_Proviso#:~:text=The%20Wilmot%20Proviso%20further%20divided,many%20Ohioans%2C%20opposed%20slavery's%20expansion.

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During 1848-1854, the Free-Soil party was an American  political party that opposed the extension of slavery in western territory.

Though they did not win the presidential election, what political progress was made by the Free-Soil party?

The Free-Soil party was influential because the remnants of the party that carried the idea of slavery opposition in western United States formed the Republican Party.

Link: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Free-Soil-Party

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The Compromise of 1850 was a series of laws passed by the U.S Congress in 1850. These laws included admitting California to the Union as a free state, dividing the remainder of Mexican cession into the two territories of Utah and New Mexico, passing the Fugitive Slave Act to apprehend runaway slaves, abolishing the buying and selling of slaves in Washington D.C, and compensating Texas with $10 million.

What hurdles were faced in trying to pass the Compromise of 1850?

Answer: Southern States supported slavery and protested against the abolition of slavery in Washington D.C. The growth of popular sovereignty also led to a demand for a similar provision in the Kansas Territory. This resulted in the Bleeding Kansas which caused violence and bitterness.

Link: https://www.ncpedia.org/anchor/compromise-1850

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The Fugitive Slave Acts were a series of laws that allowed for the seizure and return of runaway slaves who escaped into another federal territory or state. These laws were very beneficial to slave owners.

How was Henry David Thoreau involved in the fight against the Fugitive Slave Act?

Answer: Henry David Thoreau was an abolitionist who aided in the escape of slaves and spoke against slavery. He also wrote strongly-worded attacks on the Fugitive Slave Law and on the execution of John Brown.

Link: https://transcendentalism.tamu.edu/thoreaus-stance-abolition

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The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 was a law which made the territories of Kansas and Nebraska. This allowed states to decide on whether slavery was legal or not. This act cancelled the Missouri Compromise.

Why did Douglas want to repeal the Missouri Compromise and replace it with the KS/NE act?

Douglas wanted to repeal the Missouri Compromise and replace it with the KS/NE act because he argued in favor of popular sovereignty. He also wanted to build a transcontinental railroad to settle the differences between the North and the South. Without the support of slave-state Senators, the likelihood of completing the railroad was very low.

Link: https://www.history.com/topics/19th-century/kansas-nebraska-act

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Bleeding Kansas was a period of outbreaks of violent guerrilla warfare between pro-slavery and anti-slavery groups after the creation of the Kansas territory.

If the Missouri Compromise had not been repealed and replaced, would this violence have occurred? Explain.

If the Missouri Compromise had not been repealed and replaced, I do not think that this violence would have occurred. I believe this way because the Missouri Compromise appeased anti-slavery states by balancing slave and free states. When this was taken away allowing states to have the option to be slave states, this upset anti-slavery groups. This caused major tension and was ultimately a huge cause of the Bleeding Kansas.

Link: https://www.history.com/topics/19th-century/bleeding-kansas#:~:text=Bleeding%20Kansas%20describes%20the%20period,killed%20between%201855%20and%201859.

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The Dred Scott vs. Sanford case ruled that African-Americans, whether free or enslaved, were not United States citizens and could not sue in court.

Should the Supreme Court always be trusted? Explain.

I believe that in this time, the Supreme Court was not as trustworthy as it is today. As evident, majority of the Supreme Court was pro-slavery and were against the possession of rights and citizenship for Americans of African-descent.

Link: https://www.britannica.com/event/Dred-Scott-decision

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The Lincoln-Douglas Debates were a series of seven debates between Democratic senator Stephan A. Douglas and his Republican challenger Abraham Lincoln during the 1858 Illinois senatorial campaign.

What was the “Freeport Doctrine” and how did it both help and hurt Douglas?

The "Freeport Doctrine" forced the South to adopt a Federal Slave Code. This stated that slavery could only exist in places with support from local police. This "Freeport Doctrine: was acceptable to many Northern Democrats which helped Douglas ,but angered those in the South who favored the continuation of slavery. This led to Douglas's loss to Lincoln in the presidential election of 1860.

Link: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Freeport-Doctrine

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John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry was a raid led by abolitionist John Brown to initiate a slave revolt in Southern States. This was done by taking over the U.S arsenal in Harper's Ferry, Virginia.

Was John Brown justified in his plan?

I think that John Brown was justified in trying to stand up against slavery although this revolt made any further accommodation between North and South nearly impossible, leading to  the American Civil War.

Link: https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/john-browns-raid-on-harpers-ferry

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During the 1860 Presidential Election, Abraham Lincoln defeated  John C. Breckenridge, Stephan A. Douglas, and John Bell.

How did divided political parties lead to Lincoln’s election?

Divided political parties led to Lincoln's election because there was still a major debate over slavery. Lincoln dominated  the North and on election day obtained to majority of electoral votes during his campaign. As a result of having 4 candidates instead of 2, the odds favoring Lincoln were much higher as he just needed the majority.

Link: https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1860

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Secession is when  a state attempts to secede from the nation it was once a part of. This process was started by South Carolina before the Civil War. The Confederate States of America were the group of states that seceded from the Union.

Could secession have been a long-term solution?

No, I do not think secession could have been a long-term solution because it would alter America's flow and create large tension between the Union and Confederate States. This ultimately would not be a good idea.

Link: https://www.britannica.com/topic/secession

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Fort Sumter was when forces from the Confederate States of America attacked the U.S military garrison. This marked the start of the American Civil War.

What actions did Lincoln take to prevent an outbreak of violence at Fort Sumter?

Abraham Lincoln was very active during the battle. He ordered 75,000 militia volunteers to end the rebellion and announced plans to restock the fort.

Link: https://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/fort-sumter