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There are two lectures that conduct for this subject which is Profesor Madya Dr. Syakirah and Dr. Norliana. Both are beautiful and good lectures. I am having good times for this subject.

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One of the topic that spark my interest is topic circulatory system. From what i understand From what I learned, I can conclude that circulatory system is a system that carries blood rich oxygen to all parts of our body. Blood passed through the tissues via the capillaries, chemicals are transported between the blood. The interstitial fluid bathes the cell.

The circulatory system can be divided into two categories which are open circulatory system and closed circulatory system.

While for the vertebrates, there are variations in their system which is for amphibian, it has 3 chambered heart while in mammal have 4 chambered heart.

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In my opinion, laboratory session enhances our understanding of specific scientific facts and concepts and of the way in which these facts and concepts are organized in the scientific disciplines. Laboratory experiences also can promote our ability to identify questions and concepts that guide scientific. For animal physiology subject, we have 7 lab session. All of the experiment give us a new knowledge.

One of the experiment that I like is when us need to examine the microcirculation in the hind foot web and study the effects certain vasoactive agents on this phenomenon. It was first time for me to hold the frog with my hand and it make me realize that to be a good biology teacher, I must overcome my fobia on frog.

Next the lab that need my fully focus is when doing lab on brine shrimp. At first, we need to count exactly how many brine shrimp in a beaker. Then Dr. Liana change the procedure of the lab since the size of brine shrimp is too small. All of us very struggle to count the brine shrimp one by one.

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For this topic, I had learned that our nervous system is a complex collection of nerves and specialized cells known as neurons that transmit signals between different parts of the body. It is essentially the body's electrical wiring. Structurally, the nervous system has two components: the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. The Central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord and The Peripheral nervous system is made up of the somatic and the autonomic nervous systems.

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The sensory nervous system is a part of the nervous system responsible for processing sensory information.

In this class, I have learned that there are five category of sensory receptors, which are mechanoreceptors, pain receptors, thermoreceptors, chemoreceptors, and electromagnetic receptors.

Chemoreceptors detect ionic and molecular changes or presence. Think smell and taste.

Mechanoreceptors detect changes and fluctuations in pressure, position, and movement. Think hearing, touch, balance, and stretching.

Electromagnetic receptors detect light, radiation, and magnetic fields. Humans only have visible light detection in their eyes, but sharks have specialized organs for detecting bodily electricity.

Thermoreceptors detect hot and cold temperature. Since our body need to keep a constant temperature so thermoreceptor is temperature detection of our body.

Pain receptors detect pressure, chemicals and severe heat. These are found all over of our skin and tell us if something is wrong.

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For PBL task, we were divided into a few group. Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is a teaching method in which complex real-world problems are used as the vehicle to promote student learning of concepts and principles as opposed to direct presentation of facts and concepts.

Each group are given different task base on the scenario that was given by our lecturer. The task for our group was help Tina to understanding her colleagues. So by the given task, all of my group member attempted to search all the information by using different source. The task was given to us is about vertigo.

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for this topic, Dr Liana give a task to us to doing a short drama on specific defense on B lymphocytes. Lymphocytes are one of the main types of immune cells.  Lymphocytes are divided mainly into B and T cells. For this class, we are focusing more on B lymphocytes.

B lymphocytes produce antibodies which is proteins (gamma globulins) that recognize foreign substances and attach themselves to them.  B lymphocytes are each programmed to make one specific antibody.   When a B cell comes across its triggering antigen it gives rise to many large cells known as plasma cells.  Each plasma cell is essentially a factory for producing antibody.  An antibody matches an antigen much like a key matches a lock.  Whenever the antibody and antigen interlock, the antibody marks the antigen for destruction.  B lymphocytes are powerless to penetrate the cell so the job of attacking these target cells is left to T lymphocytes.

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The function of the digestive system is to break down the foods you eat, release their nutrients, and absorb those nutrients into the body. Although the small intestine is the workhorse of the system, where the majority of digestion occurs, and where most of the released nutrients are absorbed into the blood or lymph, each of the digestive system organs makes a vital contribution to this process.

In this class, we are doing some group activities. We are divided into a few group that consist 5 or 6 student.
Group 1: Carbohydrate
Group 2: Protein
Group 3: Fat
Group 4: RNA and DNA

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For mini project group, I am with my 3 other friends which is Ain, Aisyah and Mira. I am grateful for having them in my group as they are giving their full cooperative on doing this mini project. At first, we spent so much of times for finding title for our mini project. At first, we do not have any idea on how to carry out the research related to the animal physiology. Then we deciden to make a experiment on fish physiology. Through going through several articles we could come up with a proposal on the lifespan of fish. We want to know that if a different temperature can effect the lifespan of fish.

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To us vertigo was a new thing as we are never heard before about it. PBL was a learning method that test our critical thinking skills, problem-solving abilities, and communication skills. By using this method of learning, I gain new experiment as it all on us to search the information to solve the task that given by our lecture.

My groupmates for this task were Amira, Ain and Aishah. I am very grateful for having them in my group as all of group members work very hard to search the information and how to solve the problem. We work in harmonies as all of us very understanding to each other. So by doing PBL, it gives us chances to work in group by finding and evaluate the research material by our own. We worked in fun way as we do not want to stress ourselves. All of us very kind to each other and we also willing to help if one of us cannot understand about certain information. All the group member give their best commitment to solve the tash that was given.

Dr. Syakirah as our facilitator has given great help in guiding us to in a right way. At the beginning, when we get the task, we were slightly misunderstanding the concept of the PBL. So after Dr. Syakirah give some comment, we finally figure out to carried out the PBL. The scenario that was posted on the padlet was easy for us to understand. Then, we were given enough time to discuss and searching the information that was needed to solve our task.

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We arrived at the Kuala Gandah Elephant Conservation Centre at 10 am. At there, we were welcomed by 3 tour guide. Before any activities, there a few guide line that must we follow strictly. One of the rules that I still remembered is we should not try to provoke them as they will react as we want to threat them.

Each of group are giving a task that must us to complete. My group are given a task on to clean the gazebo that the tourist used to watch the elephant being bath. I and 4 other friend are being ask to take all the cleaning apparatus near the cage of elephant. Then all of the members give a good cooperation to clean the gazebo and we successfully to complete the task before the peak time of tourist come. There was not much thing that we can help as we reach there a bit late.

Then after finishing clean the gazebo, I and my group member move to the near of elephant cage. At there, we were given task on cutting the fruit that will be given to the elephant. Then after finished cutting the fruit, the tour guide brought us to the museum. The museum at Kuala Gandah Elephant Sanctuary in the vicinity of the office is small but good enough for us to learn more about this endangered animal. The replica of the elephant bones and the skull also can be observed at the museum. After finishing visited the museum, we are given one hour to eat our lunch.

At 1.30, my friends and I was told to enter a room near the registration counter. At this room, all of us can sit down in the comfort of the air conditioned room and watched the video on issues that affect the wild elephants, their diminishing habitat and the role the Trans-location Team play in ensuring the survival of these endangered species. The duration of the show was about 20 -25 minutes.

As the water was high, we were restricted to bath the elephant by our self but it did not mind as we also can saw the elephant bathing at the nearby river. Then after watching the elephant bathed, we are given opportunity to see the elephant show. At that time, we can see many tourist bringing their children as it was also a school holiday. There are 5 elephants that was doing show and we can see that the elephants were well trained. Then after the show, the elephants were being feed as to reward them for showing us a good show. All of the visitors can have the opportunity to feed them with fruits such as watermelon and papaya. We can feed them by putting the fruits directly to the mouth of the elephant or by letting the elephant used it trunk to take the fruits.

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As a conclusion, animal physiology had teach me on how an animal physiology work. After learn on animal physiolog subject, I can know that animal physiology is the study of the internal physical and chemical functions of animals. I am very grateful to have Profesor Madya Dr. Shakirah and Dr. Norliana as our lectures to conduct this subject.