# data[].attributes.headline
Civilizationthe stage of human social and cultural development and organization that is considered most  EraNeolithic Erathe final division of the Stone Age, began about 12,000 years ago when the first development of farming appeared in the Epipalaeolithic Near East, and later in other parts of the vovationa new method, idea, product, line of hereditary rulers of a country.more_vertCode of HammurabiCode of Hammurabi is a well-preserved Babylonian code of law of ancient Mesopotamia, dated back to about 1754 BC (Middle Chronology). It is one of the oldest deciphered writings of significant length in the HierarchySocial Hierarchy a kind of social differentiation whereby a society groups people into socioeconomic strata, based upon their occupation and income, wealth and social status, or derived  was a combination of legal and military customs in medieval Europe that flourished between the 9th and 15th centuries. Broadly defined, it was a way of structuring society around relationships derived from the holding of land in exchange for service or  a form of government in which a single person holds supreme authority in ruling a country, also performing ceremonial duties and embodying the country's national identity. Although some monarchs are elected, in most cases, the monarch's position is inherited and lasts until death or  a form of power structure in which power rests with a small number of people. These people may be distinguished by nobility, wealth, family ties, education or corporate, religious, political, or military  a system of government where the citizens exercise power by voting. In a direct democracy, the citizens as a whole form a governing body and vote directly on each issue. In a representative democracy the citizens elect representatives from among Republic state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives, and which has an elected or nominated president rather than a sustained increase in the general price level of goods and services in an economy over a period of time. SystemManorialism, also called manorial system, seignorialism, or seignorial system, political, economic, and social system by which the peasants of medieval Europe were rendered dependent on their land and on their  Arabic word which literally means striving or struggling, especially with a praiseworthy  the branch of agriculture concerned with the raising of livestock. It is animal husbandry: the care, tending and use of animals such as cattle, camels, goats, yaks, llamas, reindeer, horses and sheep. "Pastoralism" often has a mobile aspect but this can take many forms and be at different  profession, activity, or skill of managing international relations, typically by a country's representatives  a period in European history, covering the span between the 14th and 17th centuries and marking the transition from the Middle Ages to  is a political, social, and economic ideology and movement characterized by the promotion of the interests of a particular nation, especially with the aim of gaining and maintaining the nation's sovereignty over its homeland.  is a philosophical and ethical stance that emphasizes the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively, and generally prefers critical thinking and evidence over acceptance of dogma or  ReformationProtestant Reformationwas a major 16th century European movement aimed initially at reforming the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church. Its religious aspects were supplemented by ambitious political rulers who wanted to extend their power and control at the expense of the Exchange also known as theColumbian interchange, named for Christopher Columbus, was the widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, diseases, and ideas between the Americas, West Africa, and the Old World in the 15th and 16th Mercantilismis a national economic policy that is designed to maximize the exports of a nation. Mercantilism was dominant in modernized parts of Europe from the 16th to the 18th centuries before  TradeTriangular is a historical term indicating trade among three ports or regions. Triangular trade usually evolves when a region has export commodities that are not required in the region from which its major imports  Right of KingsDivine Right of Kingsis a political and religious doctrine of royal and political legitimacy. It asserts that a monarch is subject to no earthly authority, deriving the right to rule directly from the will of  is a polysemous French term that can mean: a sociologically defined class, especially in contemporary times, referring to people with a certain cultural and financial capital belonging The Enlightenment The Enlightenment was an intellectual and philosophical movement that dominated the world of ideas in Europe during the 18th century, the "Century of Philosophy". Some consider the publication of Isaac Newton's Principia Mathematica as the first major enlightenment Social  Contract is a theory or model that originated during the Age of Enlightenment and usually concerns the legitimacy of the authority of the state over the The French Revolutionwas a period of far-reaching social and political upheaval in France and its colonies beginning in The Industrial Revolutionwas the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the US, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.Imperialismis a policy or ideology of extending a nation's rule over foreign nations, often by military force or by gaining political and economic control of other CapitalismCapitalism is an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit. Characteristics central to capitalism include private property, capital accumulation, wage labor, voluntary exchange, a price system, and competitive Communism is the philosophical, social, political, and economic ideology and movement whose ultimate goal is the establishment of the communist AfricaScramble for Africa was the occupation, division, and colonisation of African territory by Western European powers during the period of the New Imperialism, between 1881 and 1914.MilitarismThe belief or desire of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles was the most important of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end. The Treaty ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers The Great Depression the Great Depression was the worst economic downturn in the history of the industrialized world, lasting from 1929 to 1939. It began after the stock market crash of October 1929, which sent Wall Street into a panic and wiped out millions of investors.Fascismis a form of radical, right-wing, authoritarian ultra-nationalism, characterized by dictatorial power, forcible suppression of opposition, and strong regimentation of society and of the economy, which came to prominence in early 20th-century Europe.more_vertAppeasementAppeasement is a diplomatic policy of making political or material concessions to an aggressive power in order to avoid conflict.Holocaust was a genocide during World War II in which Nazi Germany, aided by local collaborators, systematically murdered some six million European Jews—around two-thirds of the Jewish population of Europe—between 1941 and 1945.Genocide is intentional action to destroy a people in whole or in part. The hybrid word "genocide" is a combination of the Greek word γένος and the Latin suffix -caedo. The United Nations The United Nations is an intergovernmental organization tasked with maintaining international peace and security, developing friendly relations among nations, achieving international co-operation, and being a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations. Theory Domino Theory was a theory prominent from the 1950s to the 1980s that posited that if one country in a region came under the influence of communism, then the surrounding countries would follow in a domino effect.Crisis Cuban Missile was a 13-day confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union initiated by the American discovery of Soviet ballistic missile deployment in Cuba.Detente is the easing of strained relations, especially in a political situation, through verbal communication. The term in diplomacy originates around 1912 when France and Germany tried, without success, to reduce tensions. Most often the term is used for a phase of the Cold War.Globalization is the process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments worldwide.Terrorism is, in the broadest sense, the use of intentionally indiscriminate violence as a means to create terror among masses of people; or fear to achieve a religious or political aim. It is used in this regard primarily to refer to violence during peacetime or in war against non-combatants Sanctions are political and economic decisions that are part of diplomatic efforts by countries, multilateral or regional organizations against states or organizations either to protect national security interests, or to protect international law, and defend against threats to international peace  MediaSocial Mediaare interactive computer-mediated technologies that facilitate the creation and sharing of information, ideas, career interests and other forms of expression via virtual communities and  Global Positioning System is a satellite-based radionavigation system owned by the United States government and operated by the United States Air Force

# data[].attributes.subject
Civilizationthe stage of human social and cultural development and organization that is considered most  EraNeolithic Erathe final division of the Stone Age, began about 12,000 years ago when the first development of farming appeared in the Epipalaeolithic Near East, and later in other parts of the vovationa new method, idea, product, line of hereditary rulers of a country.more_vertCode of HammurabiCode of Hammurabi is a well-preserved Babylonian code of law of ancient Mesopotamia, dated back to about 1754 BC (Middle Chronology). It is one of the oldest deciphered writings of significant length in the HierarchySocial Hierarchy a kind of social differentiation whereby a society groups people into socioeconomic strata, based upon their occupation and income, wealth and social status, or derived  was a combination of legal and military customs in medieval Europe that flourished between the 9th and 15th centuries. Broadly defined, it was a way of structuring society around relationships derived from the holding of land in exchange for service or  a form of government in which a single person holds supreme authority in ruling a country, also performing ceremonial duties and embodying the country's national identity. Although some monarchs are elected, in most cases, the monarch's position is inherited and lasts until death or  a form of power structure in which power rests with a small number of people. These people may be distinguished by nobility, wealth, family ties, education or corporate, religious, political, or military  a system of government where the citizens exercise power by voting. In a direct democracy, the citizens as a whole form a governing body and vote directly on each issue. In a representative democracy the citizens elect representatives from among Republic state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives, and which has an elected or nominated president rather than a sustained increase in the general price level of goods and services in an economy over a period of time. SystemManorialism, also called manorial system, seignorialism, or seignorial system, political, economic, and social system by which the peasants of medieval Europe were rendered dependent on their land and on their  Arabic word which literally means striving or struggling, especially with a praiseworthy  the branch of agriculture concerned with the raising of livestock. It is animal husbandry: the care, tending and use of animals such as cattle, camels, goats, yaks, llamas, reindeer, horses and sheep. "Pastoralism" often has a mobile aspect but this can take many forms and be at different  profession, activity, or skill of managing international relations, typically by a country's representatives  a period in European history, covering the span between the 14th and 17th centuries and marking the transition from the Middle Ages to  is a political, social, and economic ideology and movement characterized by the promotion of the interests of a particular nation, especially with the aim of gaining and maintaining the nation's sovereignty over its homeland.  is a philosophical and ethical stance that emphasizes the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively, and generally prefers critical thinking and evidence over acceptance of dogma or  ReformationProtestant Reformationwas a major 16th century European movement aimed initially at reforming the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church. Its religious aspects were supplemented by ambitious political rulers who wanted to extend their power and control at the expense of the Exchange also known as theColumbian interchange, named for Christopher Columbus, was the widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, diseases, and ideas between the Americas, West Africa, and the Old World in the 15th and 16th Mercantilismis a national economic policy that is designed to maximize the exports of a nation. Mercantilism was dominant in modernized parts of Europe from the 16th to the 18th centuries before  TradeTriangular is a historical term indicating trade among three ports or regions. Triangular trade usually evolves when a region has export commodities that are not required in the region from which its major imports  Right of KingsDivine Right of Kingsis a political and religious doctrine of royal and political legitimacy. It asserts that a monarch is subject to no earthly authority, deriving the right to rule directly from the will of  is a polysemous French term that can mean: a sociologically defined class, especially in contemporary times, referring to people with a certain cultural and financial capital belonging The Enlightenment The Enlightenment was an intellectual and philosophical movement that dominated the world of ideas in Europe during the 18th century, the "Century of Philosophy". Some consider the publication of Isaac Newton's Principia Mathematica as the first major enlightenment Social  Contract is a theory or model that originated during the Age of Enlightenment and usually concerns the legitimacy of the authority of the state over the The French Revolutionwas a period of far-reaching social and political upheaval in France and its colonies beginning in The Industrial Revolutionwas the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the US, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.Imperialismis a policy or ideology of extending a nation's rule over foreign nations, often by military force or by gaining political and economic control of other CapitalismCapitalism is an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit. Characteristics central to capitalism include private property, capital accumulation, wage labor, voluntary exchange, a price system, and competitive Communism is the philosophical, social, political, and economic ideology and movement whose ultimate goal is the establishment of the communist AfricaScramble for Africa was the occupation, division, and colonisation of African territory by Western European powers during the period of the New Imperialism, between 1881 and 1914.MilitarismThe belief or desire of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles was the most important of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end. The Treaty ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers The Great Depression the Great Depression was the worst economic downturn in the history of the industrialized world, lasting from 1929 to 1939. It began after the stock market crash of October 1929, which sent Wall Street into a panic and wiped out millions of investors.Fascismis a form of radical, right-wing, authoritarian ultra-nationalism, characterized by dictatorial power, forcible suppression of opposition, and strong regimentation of society and of the economy, which came to prominence in early 20th-century Europe.more_vertAppeasementAppeasement is a diplomatic policy of making political or material concessions to an aggressive power in order to avoid conflict.Holocaust was a genocide during World War II in which Nazi Germany, aided by local collaborators, systematically murdered some six million European Jews—around two-thirds of the Jewish population of Europe—between 1941 and 1945.Genocide is intentional action to destroy a people in whole or in part. The hybrid word "genocide" is a combination of the Greek word γένος and the Latin suffix -caedo. The United Nations The United Nations is an intergovernmental organization tasked with maintaining international peace and security, developing friendly relations among nations, achieving international co-operation, and being a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations. Theory Domino Theory was a theory prominent from the 1950s to the 1980s that posited that if one country in a region came under the influence of communism, then the surrounding countries would follow in a domino effect.Crisis Cuban Missile was a 13-day confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union initiated by the American discovery of Soviet ballistic missile deployment in Cuba.Detente is the easing of strained relations, especially in a political situation, through verbal communication. The term in diplomacy originates around 1912 when France and Germany tried, without success, to reduce tensions. Most often the term is used for a phase of the Cold War.Globalization is the process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments worldwide.Terrorism is, in the broadest sense, the use of intentionally indiscriminate violence as a means to create terror among masses of people; or fear to achieve a religious or political aim. It is used in this regard primarily to refer to violence during peacetime or in war against non-combatants Sanctions are political and economic decisions that are part of diplomatic efforts by countries, multilateral or regional organizations against states or organizations either to protect national security interests, or to protect international law, and defend against threats to international peace  MediaSocial Mediaare interactive computer-mediated technologies that facilitate the creation and sharing of information, ideas, career interests and other forms of expression via virtual communities and  Global Positioning System is a satellite-based radionavigation system owned by the United States government and operated by the United States Air Force

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Francis Fukuyama-Which argued that the spread of liberal democracies worldwide and the free market capitalism of the West and its lifestyle could mark the end of the socio-cultural evolution of humanity and become the final form of human governance

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Francis Fukuyama-Which argued that the spread of liberal democracies worldwide and the free market capitalism of the West and its lifestyle could mark the end of the socio-cultural evolution of humanity and become the final form of human governance

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Liberalism (International Relations)-Liberalism is a school of thought within the theory of international relations, about three interrelated principles.
International Organizations-Is an international member, scope, or presence organization. There are two main types: international non-governmental organizations internationally operating non-governmental organizations
Anarchy-A state of disorder due to lack of authority or non-recognition.
Globalization-Process by which companies or other organizations develop international influence or begin to operate on an international scale
Religious Fundamentalism-Religious fundamentalism refers to the belief of an individual or group of persons in the absolute authority of a sacred religious text or the teachings of a particular religious leader, prophet and or God
Resurgent nationalism-resurgent. There's something resurgent coming back to life or being revitalized. The popularity of an old song may be resurgent after it is featured on a popular new movie's soundtrack. They are resurgent when things fall out of favor or stop being active and then experience an energy or interest burst.resurgent. There's something resurgent coming back to life or being revitalized. The popularity of an old song may be resurgent after it is featured on a popular new movie's soundtrack. They are resurgent when things fall out of favor or stop being active and then experience an energy or interest burst.
Legitimacy-Compliance with the law or the rules.
9/11 Terrorist Attacks-During the terrorist attacks of 9/11, nearly 3,000 people were killed, which triggered major U.S. initiatives to fight terrorism
Terrorism-The unlawful use of violence and intimidation in pursuit of political goals, particularly against civilians.
Syrian Civil War-The armed conflict in Syria is ongoing. It is a conflict between the Ba'ath government forces and those who want this government to be removed
Comparative Advantage-The ability of an individual or group to carry out a particular economic activity more efficiently than any other activity (such as making a specific product).
Standard of Living-The amount of wealth and material comfort that a person or community has at their disposal.
Sanctions-Typically a trade ban, possibly limited to some sectors (such as armaments) or with some exceptions (such as food and medicine)
Consumption-Use of the resource. Renewable Energy-This is energy from renewable resources that are naturally replenished on a human scale, such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and geothermal heat.
Climate Change-The change in global or regional climate patterns, notably the apparent change from the mid to the late 20th century and largely attributed to the increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide produced by the use of fossil fuels
Kyoto Protocol-Also known as the Kyoto Agreement, it is an international agreement between industrialized nations setting mandatory greenhouse gas emission limits.
Paris Climate Agreement-Is an agreement signed in 2016 under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change on the mitigation, adaptation and financing of greenhouse gas emissions.
Fossil Fuel-Natural fuel, like coal or gas, formed from the remains of living organisms in the geological past.
Online Blackmail-Blackmail is an act of coercion by threatening to reveal or publicize Sextortion, by definition a form of blackmail in which power is abused and used to extort sexual favors or images from someone
Cyber Bullying-Use of electronic communication to intimidate a person, typically by sending intimidating or threatening messages.
Whistleblowers-A person who informs about an unlawful person or organization
Hackers-A person using computers to gain unauthorized data access.
Social Media-Websites and applications enabling users to create, share or participate in social networking content.
Stuxnet-A family of cleverly written malware worms primarily targeting SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) control systems for large infrastructures such as power plants.

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Vladimir Lenin-A Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist, Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov 22 April 1870 – 21 January 1924, better known by the alias Lenin. He served from 1917 to 1922 as head of Soviet Russia's government and from 1922 to 1924 as head of the Soviet Union.

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Vladimir Lenin-A Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist, Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov 22 April 1870 – 21 January 1924, better known by the alias Lenin. He served from 1917 to 1922 as head of Soviet Russia's government and from 1922 to 1924 as head of the Soviet Union.

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Mao Zedong-Also known as Chairman Mao, he was a revolutionary Chinese Communist who became the founding father of the People's Republic of China, ruled by him as Chairman of the Communist Party of China from its establishment in 1949 until his death in 1976.
Mahatma Gandhi-An advocate of passive resistance Synonyms: Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi Example of spiritual leader during India's struggle with Great Britain for domestic rule. A religious or sacred leader. Nationalist leader the nationalist movement's leader.
The Great Depression-A long, severe economic or market recession.
Inflation-Something inflating action or inflated condition.
Fascism-It's a kind of one-party dictatorship government.
tripartite pact - Also known as the Berlin Pact, Joachim von Ribbentrop, Galeazzo Ciano and Saburō Kurusu signed an agreement between Germany, Italy and Japan in Berlin on 27 September 1940.
Appeasement-Action or appeasement process.
Blitzkrieg-An intense military campaign aimed at a swift victory.
d-day- (6 June 1944) in the Second World War when Allied forces invaded northern France through the Normandy beach landings.
Island Hopping-Travel from one island to another, particularly as a tourist in a small island area.
Atom Bomb-A nuclear weapon (also called an atom bomb, nuke, nuclear bomb, nuclear warhead, A-bomb, or nuclear bomb) is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission (fission bomb) or from a combination of fission and fusion reactions (thermonuclear bomb).
The Holocaust-The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah, was a World War II genocide in which Nazi Germany, supported by local collaborators, systematically murdered around two-thirds of Europe's Jewish population between 1941 and 1945 around six million European Jews.
Genocide-Intentional killing of a large group of people, in particular those of a particular ethnic group or nation.
Concentration Camps-Auschwitz-Birkenau, Poland. Due to its size and the large number of lives lost within the walls of this death camp, the most famous and largest of all Nazi camps.

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The Edict of Nantes-The Calvinist Protestants of France (also known as Huguenots) were signed in April 1598 by King Henry IV of France.

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The Edict of Nantes-The Calvinist Protestants of France (also known as Huguenots) were signed in April 1598 by King Henry IV of France.

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Dynasty-Of the country's hereditary rulers
Louis XIV-Known as the "Great Louis" and the "King of the Sun." 1638 - 1715. France's King (1643 - 1715)
Divine Right-The doctrine that kings and queens are entitled to rule by God and that rebellion against them is a sin
Mercantilism-Belief in profitable trading benefits
Subsidies-A sum of money granted by a government or public body to assist an industry or business in order to keep the price of a commodity or service low or competitive
Tariffs-Import or export tax between sovereign states
Bourgeoisie-The middle class, typically with reference to its perceived materialist values or conventional attitudes
Edict of Fontainebleau-This was an edict issued by Louis XIV of France, also known as the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes
Absolutism-Acceptance or belief in absolute political, philosophical, ethical or theological principles
Enlightenment-The act of enlightenment or the state of enlightenment
Philosopher-An individual engaged in philosophy or learned it,especially as an academic discipline
Sovereign-A supreme ruler, in -particular a monarch
Social Contract-An unofficial agreement shared by all in a society in which they give up some freedom for security
Constitution-A body of fundamental principles or precedents recognized as governing a state or other organization
State of Nature -Concept used in moral and political philosophy, religion, theories of social contracts and international law to denote the hypothetical conditions of people's lives before societies came into being
Separation of Powers-An act to vest government legislative, executive and judicial powers in separate bodies
Enlightened Despot-The behavior and policies of the absolute monarchs of Europe during the 18th and 19th centuries, influenced by the ideas of the Enlightenment, encouraging them to increase their power
Estates General-The Dutch legislative body, consisting of the upper and lower house and the Hague meeting
The French Revolution-The uprising against the monarchy in France between 1789 and 1799 resulted in France being established as a republic
The Reign of Terror-Period of repression or bloodshed without remorse, in particular Reign of Terror during the French Revolution
The Guillotine-a machine with a heavy blade sliding vertically in grooves, used for beheading people
Declaration of Rights of Man-A document on the human rights of the French Revolution
Republic-A State in which the people and their elected representatives hold supreme power and which has a president elected or nominated rather than a monarch
Nationalism-Identification with and support for one own nation, particularly to the exclusion or detriment of other nations  interests
Coup d'etat-Identification with and support for one own nation, particularly to the exclusion or detriment of other nations  interests
Napoleonic Code-French civil code established in 1804 under Napoleon I
Scorched-Earth Policy-Military strategy to burn or destroy crops or other resources that could be useful to an invading enemy
Napoleon Bonaparte-The late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries French general, political leader and emperor
Puppet State-State that is de jure independent but depends entirely on external power
Congress of Vienna of 1815-Meeting of ambassadors of European States chaired by Klemens von Metternich from November 1814 to June 1815 in Vienna
Toussaint Louverture-The Haitian Revolution's best known leader also was a growing resistance leader
Slavery- Property law applies to persons allowing the possession, purchase and sale of other persons as a form of property

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colony- group of people from an ethnic
Bartolomeu Dias- is a noble man in Portuguese royal household
Treaty of Tordesillas- agreement between portugal and spain
Columbian Exchange-wide speared transfer of plants
Tribute-statement or act
Hernan Cortes-spanish conquistador 
Totems-nature or animal statue 
Seven Years War- a point when everyone (countries)was at war
Mercantilism-believe benefits of profitable trading
Triangular Trade-countries pay for their imports of trade
Tsetse Fly-large biting flies in africa 
Ghana- country in west africa
Animism-soul to plants
Mansa Musa- was an emperor
 The Middle Passage-african slaves to america

# data[].attributes.subject
colony- group of people from an ethnic
Bartolomeu Dias- is a noble man in Portuguese royal household
Treaty of Tordesillas- agreement between portugal and spain
Columbian Exchange-wide speared transfer of plants
Tribute-statement or act
Hernan Cortes-spanish conquistador 
Totems-nature or animal statue 
Seven Years War- a point when everyone (countries)was at war
Mercantilism-believe benefits of profitable trading
Triangular Trade-countries pay for their imports of trade
Tsetse Fly-large biting flies in africa 
Ghana- country in west africa
Animism-soul to plants
Mansa Musa- was an emperor
 The Middle Passage-african slaves to america

# data[].attributes.headline
Excommunication- action of officially excluding someone from participation in the sacraments and services of the Christian Church
Simony-the buying or selling of ecclesiastical privileges, for example pardons or benefices.
Pope Urban II-influential speech of the Middle Ages, giving rise to the Crusades
Tithe-one tenth of annual produce or earnings, formerly taken as a tax for the support of the Church and clergy
Saladin- become a prominent figure in Muslim, Arab, Turkish and Kurdish culture, and he has often been described as being the most famous Kurd in history
Spanish Inquisition-extension of the Papal Inquisition, set up in 15th century Spain, to investigate and punish converted Jews and Muslims thought to be insincere Excessive questioning or interrogation
Renaissance-the culture and style of art and architecture developed during the Renaissance-the language or dialect spoken by the ordinary people in a particular country or region
University-educational institution 
Three Field System-arable land of an estate or village was divided into three large fields
Guilds-an association of people for mutual aid or the pursuit of a common goal
Commercial Revolution-period of European economic expansion, which began in the 16th century
Agricultural Revolution-is the transformation of human societies from hunting and gathering to farming
Biological Warfare-the use of toxins of biological origin or microorganisms as weapons of war
Flagellant-a person who subjects themselves or others to flogging, either as a religious discipline or for sexual gratification
Longbow-large bow drawn by hand and shooting a long feathered arrow. It was the chief weapon of English armies from the 14th century until the introduction of firearms
Joan of Arc-French military leader of the fifteenth century
Nationalism-identification with one's own nation and support for its interests, especially to the exclusion or detriment of the interests of other nations
Printing Press-a machine for printing text or pictures from type or plates
Humanism-Renaissance cultural movement which turned away from medieval scholasticism and revived interest in ancient Greek and Roman thought
niccolo machiavelli- wrote the political treatise The Prince in the 1500s
Indulgences-the action or fact of indulging
Protestant Reformation- major 16th century European movement aimed initially at reforming the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church

# data[].attributes.subject
Excommunication- action of officially excluding someone from participation in the sacraments and services of the Christian Church
Simony-the buying or selling of ecclesiastical privileges, for example pardons or benefices.
Pope Urban II-influential speech of the Middle Ages, giving rise to the Crusades
Tithe-one tenth of annual produce or earnings, formerly taken as a tax for the support of the Church and clergy
Saladin- become a prominent figure in Muslim, Arab, Turkish and Kurdish culture, and he has often been described as being the most famous Kurd in history
Spanish Inquisition-extension of the Papal Inquisition, set up in 15th century Spain, to investigate and punish converted Jews and Muslims thought to be insincere Excessive questioning or interrogation
Renaissance-the culture and style of art and architecture developed during the Renaissance-the language or dialect spoken by the ordinary people in a particular country or region
University-educational institution 
Three Field System-arable land of an estate or village was divided into three large fields
Guilds-an association of people for mutual aid or the pursuit of a common goal
Commercial Revolution-period of European economic expansion, which began in the 16th century
Agricultural Revolution-is the transformation of human societies from hunting and gathering to farming
Biological Warfare-the use of toxins of biological origin or microorganisms as weapons of war
Flagellant-a person who subjects themselves or others to flogging, either as a religious discipline or for sexual gratification
Longbow-large bow drawn by hand and shooting a long feathered arrow. It was the chief weapon of English armies from the 14th century until the introduction of firearms
Joan of Arc-French military leader of the fifteenth century
Nationalism-identification with one's own nation and support for its interests, especially to the exclusion or detriment of the interests of other nations
Printing Press-a machine for printing text or pictures from type or plates
Humanism-Renaissance cultural movement which turned away from medieval scholasticism and revived interest in ancient Greek and Roman thought
niccolo machiavelli- wrote the political treatise The Prince in the 1500s
Indulgences-the action or fact of indulging
Protestant Reformation- major 16th century European movement aimed initially at reforming the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church

# data[].attributes.body
arable land - to be plowed used to grow crops
colony - a place under the full that's partial on another country
monarchy - form of a government that has as monarch as the head
aristocracy - the most highest class in the certain societies
oligarchy - a little group of people that's in charge of organization, institution, or country

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One theory as to how the universe was formed