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General Focus (Large and slow moving e.g. NEA)
Specific Focus (Small and nimble e.g. a local school)
Policy trends lean towards those with the most influence and can usually be determined by the stateʻs economy.

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(also known as Superintendents)

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(School Board, CSSO, and SEA have the major control and accountability/responsibility for school/student success)

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Local - 65%
State - 25%
Federal - 10%
(e.g. Illinois estimates)

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Who is driving the bus (Money and Policy)?

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Who is driving the bus (Money and Policy)?

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National Trends: Continuing to shift towards more local control. State holding the accountability, but looking to the USDOE for guidance through their block grants (e.g. "Title I").

State Trends: Appointing board members (Mayor/Governor control) has not shown any major impact on student success, curriculum alignment, improved coordination of services, principal/teacher turnover, reducing the achievement gap. That being said, the trend is moving towards more states having appointed boards and mayoral control

Local Trends: Continuous shift of delegating power to the local and school level. Decline in loyalty to interest groups (e.g. teacher unions). Declining membership may have an impact on national/state/local education policy. Although the readings state that there has been an increase in interest group power, the current state of interest groups is deteriorating.

School Trends: The SEA/CSSO has the majority of say in matters such as what to teach, who to teach it, what is funded.

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Funding for Education (2018 U.S. Snapshot)

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Funding for Education (2018 U.S. Snapshot)

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source

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Teacher Unions & Private, non-governmental actors, interest group... These interest groups are the community advocates for policies that range from collective bargaining agreements (striketracker) to curriculum/textbook selection (policytracker)

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Appointed by the president of the United States of America

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When appointing members

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(or local board of education)

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(also known as CSSO)

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(also Local Education Agency)

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(State board of education hires the state superintendent)

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When electing the board members