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Pneumonia by definition is an infection in one or both lungs. Bacteria and viruses are the most common causes of pneumonia, but fungi can induce pneumonia as well.

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When an individual is infected with Pneumonia, their bronchi and alveoli are involved. The infection causes inflammation within the alveoli, specifically the alveolar sacs, resulting in a thick fluid that inhibits and blocks the airways in the bronchi

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External respiration, the exchange of gases between the lungs (specifically alveoli) and the blood, is the process affected. Pneumonia leads to a thick, mucus fluid to build up on the alveolar membrane which clogs up the capillaries and inhibits O2 from diffusing into the blood from the lungs, and inhibits CO2 from being deposited into the lungs from the blood.

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Symptoms:  Chest pain when you breathe or cough, Confusion or changes in mental awareness (in adults age 65 and older), Cough, Fatigue, Fever, sweating and shaking chills, Lower than normal body temperature (in adults older than age 65 and people with weak immune systems), Nausea, vomiting or diarrhea, and Shortness of breath are all common symptoms of Pneumonia.

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Treatment includes antibiotics (to help combat the infection by bacteria, fungi, etc.); rest and fluid intake to help reduce mucus and fluid in alveoli

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https://www.healthline.com/health/pneumonia#diagnosis
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