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April 15, 1452-May 2nd, 1519
Leonardo was a man of many trades. He was a painter, draftsman, sculptor, architect and engineer. He is most well known by his painting of the Mona Lisa.
The Mona Lisa was a famous portrait painted in 1503 with Oil paint on a 2' 6" x 1' 9" canvas.
Another notable painting by Leonardo is the last supper. Painted in through the years 1495-1498 on a 15' 1" x 29' 0" canvas with oil paints.
He invented scissors. He was unschooled, a self-taught. His birth was a "scandal" a rich father and a peasant mother. He was a gay artist and was going to be persecuted for sodomy.

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March 6, 1475 to February 18, 1564. He was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect,  and poet of the High Renaissance. Some of his accomplishments include painting the Sistine chapel, and carved the David and Pieta statues. He did artistic forgery, he painted himself in the Sistine chapel, and he published his own autobiography.

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He was born in 1483 and died April 6,1520. His full name was Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino.  He was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. He painted the school of Athens in 1509- 1511 from fresco. He was in charge of all of the Pope's artistic projects, he had a rivalry with Michelangelo and he learned to paint from his father.

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He was born in 1386 and died  December 13, 1466.
He was an Italian sculptor of the Renaissance, he sculpted in marble and bronze. He carved for the Baptistry. Some of his works include The Ascension, with Christ Giving the Keys to Saint Peter and St. John the Evangelist. One of his most famous works is his bronze statue of David, and his equestrian statue of Gattamelata is considered to be the forefather of works like that.

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He was born May 3rd, 1469 and died June 21st, 1527.
He was a philosopher, poet and playwright of the Renaissance period. He wrote the play, the Mandrake.
When Machiavelli focused on Philosophy, he did so in the way of studying Political Philosophy. The central problem of political philosophy is how to deploy or limit public power so as to maintain the survival and enhance the quality of human life. So it is one of the more abstract studies of Philosophy.
One of his greatest accomplishments was The Mandrake play, published in 1524. Interesting facts:  Machiavelli tried to organize a Florentine militia against the Medici family but his plans failed and he was banished, tortured and stayed away from active politics, His book was condemned by Pope Clement VIII, and The 20th century Italian Communist Antonio Gramsci drew great inspiration from Machiavelli’s writings on ethics, morals, and how they related to the State and revolution in his writings on Passive Revolution, and how a society can be manipulated by controlling popular notions of morality.

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Born June 28th, 1491 and died January 28th, 1547.
He ruled England from 1509 until he died. He was the second Tudor monarch of England.  He had six wives and one of his sisters became the Queen of France.
He was regarded as the father of the British navy as he helped to build the first gunship. He declared both of his daughters illegitimate because he wanted them to be boys. He was also cruel to his wives when they couldn't produce a male heir. As a child he showed promise of being a great musician

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He was born February 19th, 1473 and Died May 24th, 1543. He made a model that placed the sun at the center of the universe rather than the earth, and proposed that the planets revolved around the sun. He formulated several new ideas about our skies.
He originally went to school and became a canon because of his Uncle's influence. He also went to school and studied law.He made a handwritten book on his views of the universe

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He was born in February 15th,  1564 and died January 8th, 1642. He was an astronomer and physicist. He made contributions to the studies of motion, astronomy, and strength of materials. And his studies led to the development of the scientific method. He made interstellar discoveries with the telescope and astronomy and paved the way for the acceptance of the Copernican Heliocentric system. He discovered four of Jupiter's satellite moons, he didn't believe that the moon caused the tides and thought that they were due to earth's rotation.

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He was born in June 24th, 1400 and died February 3rd, 1468. He was a German blacksmith, goldsmith, printer and publisher who introduced printing to Europe with his invention, The Printing Press. His printing press was first unveiled in 1450 in Strasbourg. The most influential book published by Gutenburg was the Gutenburg Bible, which led to bibles later being mass produced on his printing presses. Gutenburg bibles originally sold for 30 Florins. But now they sell for 30 million dollars.

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He was born December 27th, 1571 and died November 15th, 1630. He originally went to study to become a Lutheran Minister, and while he was there he met Nicholas  Copernicus. Copernicus can be accredited to Kepler's changes in study. He observed the Major laws of planetary motion. He also provided a correct account of how vision occurs, he developed a novel for the behavior of light and he discovered new polyhedrons.
He and Galileo had many disagreeing opinions, NASA honored Kepler by naming a mission after him.

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He was born in November 10th,  1483 and died February 18th, 1546. He was a German professor of theology, composer, priest, monk and a seminal figure in the Protestant Reformation. His father wanted him to be a lawyer. He developed the '95 Theses'  which propounded two central beliefs- the bible is the central religious authority and humans may reach salvation only by their faith and not by their deeds. Those Ideas helped spark the Protestant reformation. His writings were responsible for fractionalizing the Catholic Church , he is also remembered as a controversial figure. He wrote a paper on why he was unhappy with the church, he started the Lutheran Church, and he translated the bible into German.

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He was born in April 1564 and died in April 23rd, 1616. He was an English poet, playwright and an actor. He studied mostly Latin, classical historians, moralists, and poets. He never went to University.  He wrote several plays and songs including Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, The Tempest, Othello and Macbeth.
Shakespeare is the highest selling fiction writer of all time (over 4 billion copies sold), He married Anne Hathaway at 18, and he wrote 38 plays and 154 sonnets.

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He was born in January 22nd, 1561 and died April 9th, 1626. He was a philosopher and  an author. He was also a speaker in parliament and a lord chancellor. He was a leading figure in natural philosophy and in the field of scientific methodology. Bacon wrote on questions of law, state and religion, as well as on contemporary politics; but he also published texts in which he speculated on possible conceptions of society, and he pondered questions of ethics.
He is considered to be the father of the scientific method, he was appointed to the Queen's counsel.

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He was born in July 10th, 1509 and died May 27, 1564. He was a french theologian and pastor. He was the leading French Protestant Reformer and the most important figure in the second generation of the Protestant Reformation. He studied to be a priest and to be a lawyer. He learned Greek, Hebrew and Latin so that he would be able to read the bible in it's original form.

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He was born in January 1st, 1449 and died April 8, 1492. He was a statesman and was nicknamed Lorenzo the magnificent. He was a patron of the arts and letters. After his father died, he began his ascension to power and was deemed the most brilliant of his family members and the most well known. He came to power at the age of 20, his mother wrote many sonnets, and was referred to as the golden child.