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We are using the Ancient Wisdom example for this (Post #3)

Define Problem: The problem here is a family let their son die because they chose to believe in traditional home remedies rather than medical attention to treat their ill child.

Gather Information: In the article it tells the reader that the family did not treat their child with real medication, instead they chose to use home remedies to attempt to heal. It wasn't the worst thought in the world but they let their beliefs get the best of them. In the end however, it was a terrible idea as their son died.

Evaluate Evidence: The evidence ends up being very against the parents. They waited too long to seek real treatment for their child so by the time they did, it was far too late. Their son was taken off life support after 5 days.

Recognize Assumptions, Emotions, Biases: The family was bias to using natural remedies due to past negative medication experiences. They were in the end blinded by their beliefs and only saw their child's illness to be a small cold.

Synthesize Evidence, Identify Alternatives: Evidence points one way of the family being abusive to their child, in another way it shows them doing what they truly thought was best. Instead of saying that they are guilty and should serve prison time, we could accept that they were only were doing what they felt was best. We could then attempt to educate them and other people so they don't make the same mistakes again.

Select Best Alternative: We conclude that they need to be held accountable, but not placed in jail away from their other children. They should be educated about what is right, and serve some sort of punishment. Possibly community service.

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Definition: People try to give meaning to objects that most often cannot be seen.

Connection: In the following video, it is explained that believing in aliens is similar to having religious beliefs. This is because you cannot see aliens, nor can you see the higher power above us, such as a god. People are still drawn to believe in these things and give them meaning to make them seem real.

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Why Believing in Aliens Is Religion in Disguise | Michael Shermer

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Definition:
When something is not described well, or is not made clear to the audience that it is being presented to.

Connection:
In the link posted below, in the seventh slide it talks about the term "Deja Vu". The phrase is translated from French (meaning already seen), and it reflects on having a weird feeling that you have already done the exact same thing before. Some people relate having Deja Vu to psychic experiences.

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What Science Can't Explain

Science is powerful, but there is much it can't explain. And when people see, hear or believe something that is not explained, science finds itself trying to prove things don't exist, and that's truly impossible. In the following pages, you'll learn more about some of the most common inexplicable phenomena - from ghosts to supposed man-like beasts, from incredible experiences at the line between life and death to amazing but unexplained feats of the mind itself. How much of this is real? We'll let you decide.

The Taos Hum

Some residents and visitors in the small city of Taos, New Mexico, have for years been annoyed and puzzled by a mysterious and faint low-frequency hum in the desert air.

Oddly, only about 2 percent of Taos residents report hearing the sound. Some believe it is caused by unusual acoustics; others suspect mass hysteria or some secret, sinister purpose. Whether described as a whir, hum, or buzz and whether psychological, natural, or supernatural no one has yet been able to locate the sound's origin. Thing is, a survey revealed that those who claim to hear the sounds actually hear many different sounds, suggesting the experiences may be subjective, not actually objective sounds (and pretty certainly not one particular sound).

The next item on our list could fill big shoes if it had to. Guess what it is?

For decades, large, hairy, manlike beasts called Bigfoot have occasionally been reported by eyewitnesses across America. Despite the thousands of Bigfoot that must exist for a breeding population, not a single body has been found. Not one has been killed by a hunter, struck dead by a speeding car, or even died of natural causes. In the absence of hard evidence like teeth or bones, support comes down to eyewitness sightings and ambiguous photos and films.

Since it is logically impossible to prove a universal negative, science will never be able to prove that creatures like Bigfoot and the Loch Ness monster do not exist, and it is possible that these mysterious beasts lurk far from prying eyes. Call us skeptical, and check out our complete story about Bigfoot.

Intuition

(Image credit: © Goldenkb | Dreamstime.com)

Whether we call it gut feelings, a 'sixth sense,' or something else, we have all experienced intuition at one time or another. Of course, gut feelings are often wrong (how many times during aircraft turbulence have you been sure your plane was going down?), but they do seem to be right much of the time. Psychologists note that people subconsciously pick up information about the world around us, leading us to seemingly sense or know information without knowing exactly how or why we know it. But cases of intuition are difficult to prove or study, and psychology may only be part of the answer.

If your intuition is telling you that the next slide is about mysterious disappearances, you're right!

Mysterious Disappearances

People disappear for various reasons. Most are runaways, some succumb to accident, a few are abducted or killed, but most are eventually found. Not so with the truly mysterious disappearances. From the crew of the Marie Celeste to Jimmy Hoffa, Amelia Earhart, and Natalee Holloway, some people seem to have vanished without a trace. When missing persons are found, it is always through police work, confession, or accident never by 'psychic detectives'). But when the evidence is lacking and leads are lost, even police and forensic science can't always solve the crime.

One word about our next slide: Boo!

Ghosts

(Image credit: © Michal Bednarek | Dreamstime.com)

From the Shakespeare play "MacBeth" to the NBC show "Medium," spirits of the dead have long made an appearance in our culture and folklore. Many people have reported seeing apparitions of both shadowy strangers and departed loved ones. Though definitive proof for the existence of ghosts remains elusive, sincere eyewitnesses continue to report seeing, photographing, and even communicating with ghosts. Ghost investigators hope to one day prove that the dead can contact the living, providing a final answer to the mystery.

Our next mystery is not about ghosts. Our next mystery is not about ghosts. Wait a minute? Haven't I read that before somewhere?

Deja vu

Deja vu is a French phrase meaning 'already seen,' referring to the distinct, puzzling, and mysterious feeling of having experienced a specific set of circumstances before. A woman might walk into a building, for example, in a foreign country she'd never visited, and sense that the setting is eerily and intimately familiar. Some attribute deja vu to psychic experiences or unbidden glimpses of previous lives. As with intuition (see #3), research into ,human psychology can offer more naturalistic explanations, but ultimately the cause and nature of the phenomenon itself remains a mystery. [ All About Deja Vu]

The next mystery is really out of this world. Read on!

UFOs

There is no doubt that UFOs (Unidentified Flying Objects) exist - many people see things in the skies that they cannot identify, ranging from aircraft to meteors. Whether or not any of those objects and lights are alien spacecraft is another matter entirely; given the fantastic distances and effort involved in just getting to Earth from across the universe, such a scenario seems unlikely.

Still, while careful investigation has revealed known causes for most sighting reports, some UFO incidents will always remain unexplained. [ UFO Sightings & News]

You must check out the next mystery. We're deadly serious.

Near-Death Experiences and Life After Death

People who were once near death have sometimes reported various mystical experiences (such as going into a tunnel and emerging in a light, being reunited with loved ones, a sense of peace, etc.) that may suggest an existence beyond the grave. While such experiences are profound, no one has returned with proof or verifiable information from "beyond the grave."

Skeptics suggest that the experiences are explainable as natural and predictable hallucinations of a traumatized brain. A study of people in cardiac arrest in 2015 found that when the heart is dying, it gets peppered by signals from the brain, which tries to stay active. The scramble of signals might be responsible for near-death experiences, researchers figure.

Two mysteries to go. Can you divine what they might be?

Psychic powers and ESP

Psychic powers and extra-sensory perception ( ESP) rank among the top ten unexplained phenomena if for no other reason than that belief in them is so widespread. Many people believe that intuition (see #3) is a form of psychic power, a way of accessing arcane or special knowledge about the world or the future. Researchers have tested people who claim to have psychic powers, though the results under controlled scientific conditions have so far been negative or ambiguous. Some have argued that psychic powers cannot be tested, or for some reason diminish in the presence of skeptics or scientists. If this is true, science will never be able to prove or disprove the existence of psychic powers.

The Body/Mind Connection

Medical science is only beginning to understand the ways in which the mind influences the body. The placebo effect, for example, demonstrates that people can at times cause a relief in medical symptoms or suffering by believing the cures to be effective - whether they actually are or not. Using processes only poorly understood, the body's ability to heal itself is far more amazing than anything modern medicine could create. So while there are many unexplained phenomena, and frankly some of them are dubious, the explainable science of the body and mind, even if we're still trying to figure much of it out, may be among the most amazing phenomena of all.

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Science is powerful, but there is much it can't explain. And when people see, hear or believe something that is not explained, science finds itself trying to prove things don't exist, and that's truly impossible.

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Definition:
Something that is easy to do and/or understand.

Connection:
Simplistic things do not take much time to think about, as it is intended to make the audience understand the example very fast and easily. This example of simplicity shows a picture of McDonald's french fries in the shape of the Wi-Fi logo. This is a very quick, and easy way to show people that go to McDonald's that they have free Wi-Fi inside the restaurants.

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Definition: Causes that will attempt to push their beliefs onto you through a social stand. These stands will be marches, or campaigns to try and get their beliefs through to you without any real scientific means.

Connection: Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to a white man on a bus in 1955. She used a social stand to get her point across and this helped start the civil rights movement. She just did what she knew was right.

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Rosa Parks' Early Life

Rosa Louise McCauley was born in Tuskegee, Alabama, on February 4, 1913. She moved with her parents, James and Leona McCauley, to Pine Level, Alabama, at age 2 to reside with Leona's parents. Her brother, Sylvester, was born in 1915, and shortly after that her parents separated.

Did you know? When Rosa Parks refused to give up her bus seat in 1955, it wasn't the first time she'd clashed with driver James Blake. Parks stepped onto his very crowded bus on a chilly day 12 years earlier, paid her fare at the front, then resisted the rule in place for Black people to disembark and re-enter through the back door. She stood her ground until Blake pulled her coat sleeve, enraged, to demand her cooperation. Parks left the bus rather than give in.

Rosa's mother was a teacher, and the family valued education. Rosa moved to Montgomery, Alabama, at age 11 and eventually attended high school there, a laboratory school at the Alabama State Teachers' College for Negroes. She left at 16, early in 11th grade, because she needed to care for her dying grandmother and, shortly thereafter, her chronically ill mother. In 1932, at 19, she married Raymond Parks, a self-educated man 10 years her senior who worked as a barber and was a long-time member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People ( NAACP). He supported Rosa in her efforts to earn her high-school diploma, which she ultimately did the following year.

Rosa Parks: Roots of Activism

Raymond and Rosa, who worked as a seamstress, became respected members of Montgomery's large African American community. Co-existing with white people in a city governed by " Jim Crow " (segregation) laws, however, was fraught with daily frustrations: Black people could attend only certain (inferior) schools, could drink only from specified water fountains and could borrow books only from the "Black" library, among other restrictions.

Although Raymond had previously discouraged her out of fear for her safety, in December 1943, Rosa also joined the Montgomery chapter of the NAACP and became chapter secretary. She worked closely with chapter president Edgar Daniel (E.D.) Nixon. Nixon was a railroad porter known in the city as an advocate for Black people who wanted to register to vote, and also as president of the local branch of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters union.

December 1, 1955: Rosa Parks Is Arrested

On Thursday, December 1, 1955, the 42-year-old Rosa Parks was commuting home from a long day of work at the Montgomery Fair department store by bus. Black residents of Montgomery often avoided municipal buses if possible because they found the Negroes-in-back policy so demeaning. Nonetheless, 70 percent or more riders on a typical day were Black, and on this day Rosa Parks was one of them.

Segregation was written into law; the front of a Montgomery bus was reserved for white citizens, and the seats behind them for Black citizens. However, it was only by custom that bus drivers had the authority to ask a Black person to give up a seat for a white rider. There were contradictory Montgomery laws on the books: One said segregation must be enforced, but another, largely ignored, said no person (white or Black) could be asked to give up a seat even if there were no other seat on the bus available.

Nonetheless, at one point on the route, a white man had no seat because all the seats in the designated "white" section were taken. So the driver told the riders in the four seats of the first row of the "colored" section to stand, in effect adding another row to the "white" section. The three others obeyed. Parks did not.

"People always say that I didn't give up my seat because I was tired," wrote Parks in her autobiography, "but that isn't true. I was not tired physically... No, the only tired I was, was tired of giving in."

Eventually, two police officers approached the stopped bus, assessed the situation and placed Parks in custody.

Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott

Although Parks used her one phone call to contact her husband, word of her arrest had spread quickly and E.D. Nixon was there when Parks was released on bail later that evening. Nixon had hoped for years to find a courageous Black person of unquestioned honesty and integrity to become the plaintiff in a case that might become the test of the validity of segregation laws. Sitting in Parks' home, Nixon convinced Parks-and her husband and mother-that Parks was that plaintiff. Another idea arose as well: The Black population of Montgomery would boycott the buses on the day of Parks' trial, Monday, December 5. By midnight, 35,000 flyers were being mimeographed to be sent home with Black schoolchildren, informing their parents of the planned boycott.

On December 5, Parks was found guilty of violating segregation laws, given a suspended sentence and fined $10 plus $4 in court costs. Meanwhile, Black participation in the boycott was much larger than even optimists in the community had anticipated. Nixon and some ministers decided to take advantage of the momentum, forming the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) to manage the boycott, and they elected Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.-new to Montgomery and just 26 years old-as the MIA's president.

As appeals and related lawsuits wended their way through the courts, all the way up to the U.S. Supreme Court, the Montgomery Bus Boycott engendered anger in much of Montgomery's white population as well as some violence, and Nixon's and Dr. King's homes were bombed. The violence didn't deter the boycotters or their leaders, however, and the drama in Montgomery continued to gain attention from the national and international press.

On November 13, 1956, the Supreme Court ruled that bus segregation was unconstitutional; the boycott ended December 20, a day after the Court's written order arrived in Montgomery. Parks-who had lost her job and experienced harassment all year-became known as "the mother of the civil rights movement."

Rosa Parks's Life After the Boycott

Facing continued harassment and threats in the wake of the boycott, Parks, along with her husband and mother, eventually decided to move to Detroit, where Parks' brother resided. Parks became an administrative aide in the Detroit office of Congressman John Conyers Jr. in 1965, a post she held until her 1988 retirement. Her husband, brother and mother all died of cancer between 1977 and 1979. In 1987, she co-founded the Rosa and Raymond Parks Institute for Self-Development, to serve Detroit's youth.

In the years following her retirement, she traveled to lend her support to civil-rights events and causes and wrote an autobiography, Rosa Parks: My Story. In 1999, Parks was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal, the highest honor the United States bestows on a civilian. (Other recipients have included George Washington, Thomas Edison, Betty Ford and Mother Teresa.) When she died at age 92 on October 24, 2005, she became the first woman in the nation's history to lie in honor at the U.S. Capitol.

HISTORY Vault: Black History

Fact Check

We strive for accuracy and fairness. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate.

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Rosa Parks: Bus Boycott, Civil Rights & Facts | HISTORY

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Rosa Parks (1913-2005) helped initiate the civil rights movement in the United States when she refused to give up her seat to a white man on a Montgomery, Alabama bus in 1955. Her actions inspired the leaders of the local Black community to organize the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

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Definition:
A piece of information which intends to come off as a misleading or a distracting statement.

Connection:
In the link attached, these students performed a great example of a Red Herring red flag. The girl talks about how she wants an iPhone for Christmas because everyone has one, and the guy interjects the conversation with a distracting statement asking about her grade.

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Definition:
When people tend to remember certain events that correspond with personal beliefs and simply ignore the events that do not correspond with their own personal beliefs.

Connection:
In businesses, people that invest in a company tend to just listen to the good reviews rather than the bad ones. Bad reviews and opinions can be made, but are sometimes not payed attention to therefore leaving the bad opinions not heard often.

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Nike is rated "Poor" with 3.2 / 10 on Trustpilot

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Do you agree with Nike's TrustScore? Voice your opinion today and hear what 914 customers have already said.

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Definition: People's beliefs usually blind them from seeing the truth, and in lots of cases it can get them killed.

Connection:
Vice News reports of an incident that happened in 2012 where an Alberta couple was charged in the death of their 19 month-old son. He died of bacterial meningitis due to not being treated because his parents believed in traditional home remedies over medical treatment. Their son stopped breathing suddenly and only then did they try to contact a hospital, but it was too late.

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A Canadian couple whose 19-month-old baby died of meningitis after being treated with only home remedies is on trial in Alberta.

David Stephan, 32, and his wife Collet Stephan, 35, have pleaded not guilty to failing to provide the necessaries of life for their son Ezekiel, who died four years ago. If they're found guilty, they could be sentenced to up to five years in jail.

"I'm not saying they killed him, abused him or ignored him - they loved him," Crown prosecutor Clayton Giles said in court, according to Global News. "They didn't take him to a doctor until it was too late - far too late."

Ezekiel had already been sick for a couple of weeks when suddenly he stopped breathing, prompting his parents to call an ambulance. The child was then airlifted to a Calgary hospital. He was taken off of life support after five days.

"Obviously they were loving parents, and they weren't trying to harm their kid, but the question is, was there clearly a point in time when they should've taken their child to a doctor?" Tim Caulfield, Canada Research Chair in Health Law & Policy at the University of Alberta, explained. "That's the question the Crown is trying to put in front of the jury."

A Canadian couple whose 19-month-old baby died of meningitis after being treated with only home remedies is on trial in Alberta.

David Stephan, 32, and his wife Collet Stephan, 35, have pleaded not guilty to failing to provide the necessaries of life for their son Ezekiel, who died four years ago. If they're found guilty, they could be sentenced to up to five years in jail.

"I'm not saying they killed him, abused him or ignored him - they loved him," Crown prosecutor Clayton Giles said in court, according to Global News. "They didn't take him to a doctor until it was too late - far too late."

Ezekiel had already been sick for a couple of weeks when suddenly he stopped breathing, prompting his parents to call an ambulance. The child was then airlifted to a Calgary hospital. He was taken off of life support after five days.

"Obviously they were loving parents, and they weren't trying to harm their kid, but the question is, was there clearly a point in time when they should've taken their child to a doctor?" Tim Caulfield, Canada Research Chair in Health Law & Policy at the University of Alberta, explained. "That's the question the Crown is trying to put in front of the jury."

The doctors determined that he'd been suffering from a lung infection, which had developed into meningitis - a revelation that may not have come as a shock to his mother Collet. In an interview with the RCMP, who were called in by hospital staff, Collet told an officer that a nurse she consulted, who was also a family friend, warned her that Ezekiel probably had meningitis, the court heard.

Collet told police she'd assumed Ezekiel, who'd been dealing with a runny nose and fever in February 2012, had a respiratory infection called croup, and that natural remedies seemed to be helping him. On the tape, according to the CBC, the parents explained they preferred naturopathic remedies because of past negative experiences with the medical system.

Related: Charges Against French Parents Stir Mandatory Vaccination Debate

Among the remedies David and Collet gave Ezekiel to boost his immune system when they noticed him becoming stiff and lethargic were olive leaf extract, whey protein, water with maple syrup, juice with frozen berries, and a mixture of apple cider vinegar, horseradish root, hot pepper, mashed onions, garlic, and ginger, the CBC reported.

But on his Facebook page, David writes that CBC's reporting of these facts a "major misrepresentation," although he doesn't offer an alternative explanation.

"The idea of boosting an immune system with maple syrup, juice and frozen fruit is so illogical that I am left here shaking my head," he writes. "As all of these items contain high amounts of simple sugars, I would suspect that they would serve to feed viruses and bacteria and actually do the opposite of boosting the immune system."

According to Global, the court heard that Ezekiel's believed he was getting better. But after he took a nap, he stopped breathing - that's when they called 911.

While the Stephans, who have said in the past that they were "blindsided" by the criminal charges, didn't respond to VICE News' requests for an interview, they have made several Facebook posts about the trial.

On a memorial page for their son, they argued that the government lawyers had an agenda to go after those who did not believe in vaccinations - the so-called 'anti-vaxxer' community.

A negative outcome, they wrote on February 10 , would "create the legal precedent that when a child falls ill, parents who chose not to vaccinate have a greater onus to seek mainstream medical attention sooner than parents who do vaccinate, and if any harm befalls the non-vaccinated child from an illness that there was a vaccine for, the parents can be held criminally liable...bringing us one step closer to vaccinations."

But Caulfield doesn't believe the path is as clear. While the government should be taking "a stand against pseudoscience that can do real harm," he said, this theory is "a bit of a stretch."

"In this case, with the decision not to go to a doctor for something like meningitis, where we have a clear cure, it's much clearer - but for their decision not to go to the doctor, there were these adverse events," he said. "With vaccination, the causation may not be as clear.

Related: A Measles Outbreak at Disneyland Is Reigniting the Debate on Vaccinations

"Having said that, it does set up a legal norm that embraces the idea of more science-informed decision," he continued. "This case could add to that debate and it could be pointed to by those who think the government should take a stronger stand when it comes to unscientific approaches to particular positions to health."

This isn't the first time the Stephans' affinity for natural remedies has gotten them into trouble. The couple's company, Truehope Nutritional Support, challenged Health Canada in court in 2004 after the federal health watchdog seized a small shipment of their supplement EMPowerplus.

Truehope sold the product as an "alternative mental health treatment" for people with bipolar disorder, anxiety, and other mental illnesses.

While Health Canada failed to block its distribution, the agency has issued several warnings over the years about the "potential risk to health associated" with taking EMPowerplus, and expressed concern about "unauthorized health claims, and medical advice being provided by non-medically qualified staff."

Follow Tamara Khandaker on Twitter: @Anima_tk

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These Anti-Vaccination Parents Are on Trial for Their Son's Death

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A Canadian couple whose 19-month-old baby died of meningitis after being treated with only home remedies is on trial in Alberta. David Stephan, 32, and his wife Collet Stephan, 35, have pleaded not guilty to failing to provide the necessaries of life for their son Ezekiel, who died four years ago.

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Definition:
This is usually incorporated with celebrities advertising products. A lot of people who watch the advertisements may notice the celebrity advertising it, and believe that they should use the product because the popular celebrity is involved with it

Connection:

In the video we linked, Lebron James, a famous Basketball player from the NBA is promoting a very popular soda by the name of Sprite Cranberry. Unfortunately, just because a popular NBA star is advertising for a popular company, doesn’t mean that the product is good. Drinking Sprite can lead to tooth decay because of the excessive citric acid intake. The only reason that the celebrities are advertising a company’s product is because of money. Famous figures could be advertising a product, but it doesn’t necessarily mean that it is a good product.

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Assignment #1 - Red Flags by Matthew Smith and Kris Handson