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This video clip assesses the importance of the Scientific Revolution as a turning point in history. It explains how scientific reasoning affected government and politics, social science, and other aspects of life; it also gives examples of the scientific method in play in modernity. AllHistories.
“Turning Points in History - Scientific Revolution.” YouTube, YouTube, 29 Sept. 2009, www.youtube.com/watch?v=9hodYUDDfsY.

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This Khan Academy video breaks down Europe from the end of the Renaissance through the Age of Enlightenment. The narrator discusses the reasoning that emerged in the Scientific Revolution as a pushing factor during the Enlightenment.
“The Scientific Revolution and the Age of Enlightenment | World History.” Khan Academy, Khan Academy, www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/renaissance-and-reformation/scientific-revolution-enlightenment/v/the-scientific-revolution-and-the-age-of-enlightenment-world-history-khan-academy.

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The Scientific Revolution and the Age of Enlightenment | World History | Khan Academy

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An overview of how the Scientific Revolution catalyzed the Age of Enlightenment with a discussion of the degree to which Enlightenment ideas have or even can be fulfilled. World History on Khan Academy: From prehistory to today, this course covers the human events that have shaped our planet.

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Enlightened absolutist rulers were those extreme rulers who embraced the tenets of the Enlightenment and benevolence of human rights as long as it benefited their rule. The Seven Years' War under Frederick II of Prussia and Catherine the Great of Russia are two prominent examples. The feuding views of support for absolutist rule versus the limit of the king's authority, Voltaire versus Montesquieu, for example, characterized the political ideological shifts occurring in this time as well.

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Salons were the upper class's method of avoiding censorship. Enlightenment thinkers gathered in salons in cities, mainly Paris, and discussed their ideas. These salons were often hosted by wealthy women and saw a way of increasing rights for females. Coffeehouses became a similar gathering place for lower classes.

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Time period in which individualism was sought after through exaggeration of Enlightenment ideals. Worldviews of later Enlightenment thinkers became more Deistic and atheistic, which contradicted earlier Enlightenment thinkers. Jean Jacques Rousseau and David Hume were later Enlightenment thinkers who promoted skepticism and individualism rather than rationalism.

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Voltaire was the most famous representative philosophe. He was an outspoken Deist who disliked the Catholic church and fought for religious tolerance and legal equality. He was also a supporter of the arts and dabbled himself in play writing. He was known for his short temper and spent time in England during an exile from France.

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Philosophes were French philosophers who promoted Enlightenment ideas. Philosophes helped France become the most prominent country of the Enlightenment through reaching the educated elite. Philosophes did not face as many censorship restrictions as Eastern Europeans did.

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Bernard de Fontenelle was one of the most prominent popularizers of the time period. He, along with other popularizers, made science approachable and understandable for the educated. This critical step brought science into conflict with religion as opposed to earlier scientists who believed their developments exalted God.

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Core tenant of Enlightenment; idea that all things need to be approached from a critical, scientific way of thinking. It was eventually used to question the arbitrary and corrupt church authorities. It was instrumental in the birth of social science.

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Newton was a synthesizing scientist and mathematician. He discovered the laws of gravity and formulated his hypotheses into the mathematical field of calculus.  He integrated the views of Copernicus, Kepler, Brahe, and Galileo in his book, Principia. Newton's views were naturalist and he merged Deism with religious views regarding nature and creation, setting him apart from later philosophers.

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Galileo was a Florentine scientist who challenged ideas regarding motion, and he was instrumental in the development of the scientific method. His publications landed him in hot water, and he was tried for heresy in 1632, which resulted in his forced recant of views threatening the church.

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Copernicus was a polish clergyman and astronomer who believed the sun, rather than the earth, was the center of the universe. He made this belief the basis of Copernican theory, which served as a foundation for later astronomers.