# data[].attributes.body
Within the research study, feeding behavior and temperament were evaluated with regard to their genetic influence as well as their correlation to direct economic value. It was determined that behavior traits can contribute to the growth efficiency of beef cattle which could potentially be genetically influenced.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Close mobile search navigation

You do not currently have access to this article.

Sign in

Don't already have an Oxford Academic account? Register

Sign in via your Institution

Purchase

Subscription prices and ordering

Short-term Access

To purchase short term access, please sign in to your Oxford Academic account above.

Don't already have an Oxford Academic account? Register

Genetic and phenotypic relationships of feeding behavior and temperament with performance, feed efficiency, ultrasound, and carcass merit of beef cattle ¹ - 24 Hours access

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Genetic and phenotypic relationships of feeding behavior and temperament with performance, feed efficiency, ultrasound, and carcass merit of beef cattle 1

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
ABSTRACT. Feeding behavior and temperament may be useful in genetic evaluations either as indicator traits for other economically relevant traits or because th

# data[].attributes.body
These specific heritability traits had to do with how well cattle of different ages dealt with being in a chute. These are important traits to know about because they can limit the amount of struggling within the chute, therefore limit bruising caused by hitting the chute. A better market product is made by limiting the amount of bruising to the animal.

# data[].attributes.body
A sensitive period for beef cattle is during weaning. Fence line weaning, depicted below, is a low stress form of weaning which will lessen the effects that high stress weaning can have on overall development.

Holt, Kim. “Fence-Line Weaning: A Healthier Way to Break the Bond.” Progressive Cattleman, Progressive Publishing, 17 Aug. 2010, www.progressivecattle.com/topics/herd-health/fence-line-weaning-a-healthier-way-to-break-the-bond.

# data[].attributes.body
Operant Conditioning

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
New Approaches and Tools for Grazing Management

# data[].attributes.body
I chose beef cattle as my species because I have grown up having beef cattle as a part of my life in one form or another. Up until my eighth grade year, my only exposure to cattle was through visiting my grandparents and assisting my dad while doing routine vaccinations for their herd. Then my eighth grade year we started our own herd. Our herd is a mix of primarily Ayrshire dairy and Shorthorn and cross-bred angus beef cattle. My sisters show the dairy cattle and I showed the beef cattle. Cattle have been an important part of my life for as long as I can remember. I want to continue to work with them and include them within my work in the future. Learning more about their behavior will better prepare me for that work.

# data[].attributes.body
Two bulls are head butting each other in order to assert dominance.

# data[].attributes.body
Reinforcement:
(+) placing a little grain in front of the chute after the cow has been secured in the chute
(-) moving out of the flight zone once the cow has begun moving forward so she will fully enter the chute
(-) using a rattle paddle to move cattle forward and then removing it once they start moving

Punishment:
(+) head gate pressure applied in order to prevent the animal from moving its head around too much
(+) squeezing the center of the chute applies pressure to the cow preventing her from moving her body around

# data[].attributes.body
Cattle have almost a 360° field of vision which allows them to see most of their surroundings; however, they have dichromatic vision which does not allow for them to see as many colors as humans can. Cattle's hearing is much better than humans, but they are limited within the frequency range to which they can here. Sense of smell in cattle is impeccable. They can smell things from six miles away. The sense of touch is important within cattle as it is a major factor in communication.

Dalton, Clive. “Cattle Senses.” LSB, www.lifestyleblock.co.nz/lifestyle-file/livestock-a-pets/cattle/cattle-behaviour/item/55-cattle-senses.html.

# data[].attributes.body
This study from the University of St. Thomas claims that cattle have a very linear hierarchy. Displays of dominance, however, can change depending on several factors listed on page two of the study.

# data[].attributes.body
Visual: Cattle will swish their tails and move their ears to indicate different things.
Auditory: Cattle will bellow to indicate different things.
Tactile: Cows will lick their calves.
Chemical/Olfactory: The Flehmen response is when bulls are able to detect if a female is in heat based off of smell.

# data[].attributes.body
The bull is displaying the Flehmen response. It allows him to detect if a female is in heat.

# data[].attributes.body
Female-female mounting is a good indicator that a female is in standing heat and therefore ready to breed.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
A cow standing to be mounted is the most accurate sign of estrus. Standing heat is the most sexually intensive period of the estrous cycle. During this period, cows stand to be mounted by other cows or move forward slightly with the weight of the mounting cow.

# data[].attributes.body
Maternal behaviors in cattle include:
1. Cows will lick their calves after birth in order to stimulate the calves' activity.
2. Cows will often ingest their placenta and/or lick the amniotic fluids after birthing.  Since cattle are considered to be hider species, it is thought they do this in order to reduce the risk  of attracting predators.
3. Cows will use quiet grunting sounds during the first few hours after calving. Although it is not certain, the function of these calls may serve as a way for the calf to recognize the cow's voice.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
We provide a critical summary of the literature on maternal behavior in cattle. The studies we review increase our basic understanding of this behavio...

# data[].attributes.body
Neonatal behaviors in cattle include:
1. Calves begin by lifting their head.
2. Calves will begin to stand, first with their front legs then their hind legs.
3. Calves will begin suckling from the cow.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
An Error Occurred Setting Your User Cookie

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
In general, only the information that you provide, or the choices you make while visiting a web site, can be stored in a cookie. For example, the site cannot determine your email name unless you choose to type it.

# data[].attributes.body
Cattle tend to consume about one dozen meals per day. The rate at which cattle eat will vary depending on the physical form of the feed. Cattle that are housed in groups tend to eat more than if they were to eat individually, with subordinate cows eating fast than dominant ones. In regards to feed preference, texture and ease of prehension must be considered.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Cows Eating Grass at Lowland Farm--Holistic High Density Grazing

# data[].attributes.body
Link to website where information was attained:

https://www.merckvetmanual.com/behavior/normal-social-behavior-and-behavioral-problems-of-domestic-animals/behavioral-problems-of-cattle

# data[].attributes.body
Flight Zone in Cattle

# data[].attributes.body
Welfare Audit