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Football assistant refferee
Team of officials who review the game from multiple angles with a 3 second delay to appoint “clear and obvious errors mistakes or fouls
Can be used in one of four scenarios being:
- to review goals and check for fouls in the build up
- penalty decisions
- red card decisions, but not double yellows
- mistaken identity in the awarding of a yellow or red card
Introduced with the intention of obtaining the correct decision within football however there are arguments against the use of it such as the time it takes to reach the correct decision, the fact it takes away an element of enjoyment in arguing over whether or not it was the correct decision and also that the technology could malfunction.

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Rugby

1. TMO - television match official

TMO is someone who watches the match action on TV screens, usually in a truck outside the ground. Using a system called Hawk-Eye, they can see multiple camera angles of an incident and pass on information to the match referee – via an earpiece – to help him make accurate decisions.

Used in Rugby when:

-scoring of a try

-also to help to ascertain whether a kick went between the posts

-possible foul play

-by medical staff when assessing injuries and safety within game

The footage recorded is shown on a big screen inside the ground. Ref can ask the TMO to look at an incident, either while the game continues or after stopping play.

1. Problems:

-People have complained that TMO interrupts games.

-Referees can be put under far more pressure to act by the aggressive reaction of a home crowd that watches an incident involving a visiting player on the big screen

1. Prosthetic limbs -

Competitive athletes or simply “serious amateurs”—can benefit from the technological advances in innovative sports prosthetics. A good example is the Cheetah Xtend, a carbon fiber blade designed for below-the-knee amputee runners. A similar version, the Cheetah Xtreme, is a blade geared specifically to high-speed, short distance running. Its “Xtreme” curving shape provides the dynamic flexing and push-off needed for sprinting.

1. Clothing:

Rugby players’ apparel has changed more than in most sports over the last 15 years or so. At the elite level, the heavy cotton jerseys that were once ubiquitous are not so popular. In their place are lighter, synthetic tops that are aerodynamic and wick sweat away. They are also less easy to tug effectively.

1. Australian athletics analytics company – named catapult, developed small units with GPS trackers and body system monitors that are integrated into sportswear. Coupled with powerful OpenField software,they can provide coaches with a real-time, detailed dashboard of their players’ performance – both in training and in matches. The sportswear technology takes the guesswork out of knowing when a player is over-exerting and can also help inform tactical decisions giving a vital competitive edge.

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Sport Wheelchairs
Sport wheelchairs are designed for the requirements of specific sports. Power chairs can also be fitted with assistive devices that are temporary adaptations to the demands of a sport, such as a kick plate attached to a power chair for powerchair football (power soccer).

Light-weight frames are a necessity for wheelchairs used in sports requiring sharp, fast turns and overall agility, such as tennis, basketball, and racing.

Chairs with reinforced frames and impact protection are required for contact sports, such as wheelchair rugby or basketball.

Racing chairs are designed with bucket seats, angled wheels for improved stability, and a t-frame with a third wheel in front, allowing precision steering as well as improving balance. The athlete and wheelchair are viewed together by some sport researchers as a unified performance system. Improvements can be made to chairs by evaluating the chair and athlete separately or in performance conditions together.

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Dresses
- Latest A-line design.
-The dresses have just recently been undergoing change over the last few years with most netball associations making the change.
- The newest dresses allow the most comfort netball has ever seen.
-The A-line dress gives maximum mobility allowing the player to move freely because of the light weigh, breathable material.
- Dresses have significantly impacted netball in a positively way.
- Even when body suits where around it still changed the easier movement on court but when the latest A-line dresses came about it dramatically helped improve mobility on court.
- The A-line dresses deffineltly help enhances players performance.
-The A-line dresses are used all around the world in countries where netball is played.
-Some countries are still stuck in the past still wearing the old collared shirt and pleated skirt but this sometimes due to the lack of support for the sport meaning no money is coming in to enhance it.
-The technology is obviously regularly used in games for what is was designed for. Normally teams have training gear they can wear that is specific for training.
-Some netball communities are unable to find the funds in their club to produce the new dresses for the teams. Unfortunately this create inequality.All the professional teams have made the switch to the new dresses. The a-line design dresses are taking over the netball world.

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Used in football -https://www.playertek.com/gb/playertek/
£149/ individual and can be purchased for teams
Approved by FIFA for use in games
Also used in training for elite athletes
Gathers lots of data such as:
- sprints, direction of sprint, speed of sprint
- heat maps
- effort levels using heart rate and hydration
It is analysed by individuals to see performance and also coaches analyse the data
Can be compared to previous games or training sessions
It is lightweight and waterproof and can be worn underneath your shirt

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Snick-o-Meter - a very sensitive microphone located in one of the stumps, which can pick up the sound when the ball nicks the bat. This technology is only used to give television audiences more information and to show if the ball did or did not actually hit the bat.
Unfortunately at this stage the umpires do not get the benefit of hearing 'snicko', though a Real-time Snickometer is being developed to supplement Hot Spot technology.
Hawkeye - A computer system first used in 2001 for showing the path of a cricket ball. It is a commonly used and is an indispensable tool for cricket commentators around the world to confirm the umpires decisions. It is used as part of the DRS for adjudicating LBW decisions.

Hot Spot - the hot spot technology is mostly used to review whether the bat has hit the ball, particularly when there is a small nick. If there is contact, the small amount of heat generated is indicated by a change to that area of the bat. Hot Spot uses two infra-red cameras positioned at either end of the ground. These cameras sense and measure heat from friction generated by a collision, such as ball on pad, ball on bat, ball on ground or ball on glove. Using a subtraction technique, a series of black-and-white negative frames is generated into a computer, precisely localizing the ball's point of contact. Following some controversy after the 2012 UK Ashes series, there is doubt over the accuracy of Hot Spot.

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IBM radar gun
This is a device that measures all players serves
Radar speed gun is using the Doppler effect are often employed for such speed measurements. It is well known that such guns virtually always measure the line-of-sight or radial velocity of the ball and as such will return a reading less than or equal to the true speed of the ball. This is used in tennis for when measuring he speed of the tennis ball from how hard the athlete hits it

Technology used in replays when players disagree on whether shot was in or out of lines, this is called video replay, where the umpire replays the video in a slow motion and there is a mark left on where the ball last landed

Hawk-Eye
This device uses six or more computer-linked television cameras situated around the court. The computer reads in the video in real time, and tracks the path of the tennisball on each camera. These six separate views are then combined together to produce an accurate 3D representation of the path of the ball.

Net-cord sensor

It's a sensor that turns vibrations into electrical energy, called a piezoelectrical device, similar to that used in a hi-fi speaker or microphone. It's attached to the top of the net and detects when it vibrates, to see whether a serve should be called a let or not

Online scoreboard
This is the new scoreboard at Wimbledon will tell readers where the two players are winning and losing the match. By examining the pattern of play, the technology establishes three "keys to the match" - for example, first serve percentages, rallies won in fewer than three strokes, or ground covered. The information is gathered by IBM's PointStream technology, and is compared to five years' worth of data from past Wimbledon’s  and the other three Grand Slams, a total of almost 40 million points played. During play, live results and player performance are compared against the suggested keys and results are displayed online in a visual representation of the match which allows users to see, in an instant, the state of play.

This technology has been used in arenas and events such as Wimbledon

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https://youtu.be/a0aK8da8Kws

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RF Tracking
-This is a little device stepped on the back of a sports bra.
- The RF tracking sends signals to he computers activated with it and sends in information for the coaches.
- Helping the coaches watch the players positioning on court and the play.
- The coaches can manipulate the play and reposition the positioning of the player to see if that would work better.
- Helps coaches and players to achieve more thought out plays and for them to communicate more about their positioning on court.
- Australia is the first to use this in netball. EG, it is used  mostly during training because it is used to improve he game of the team and the players. It can also be used during a game of live coverage of the players pace and placement on court.

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Modern Technology
1-Sport  - Example where Technology is used...explain how it works
2- Practical example when its been used
3- Devices that can be used in Sport.
4- Prosthetic Limbs - to improve disabled sport performer
5 - Clothing/footwear- that has improved the sport
6- Data that is inputted to improve sport performance. 

# data[].attributes.subject
Modern Technology
1-Sport  - Example where Technology is used...explain how it works
2- Practical example when its been used
3- Devices that can be used in Sport.
4- Prosthetic Limbs - to improve disabled sport performer
5 - Clothing/footwear- that has improved the sport
6- Data that is inputted to improve sport performance. 