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“Browder v. Gayle, 352 U.S. 903.” The Martin Luther King, Jr., Research and Education Institute, 4 Apr. 2018, kinginstitute.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/browder-v-gayle-352-us-903.

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Montgomery Bus Boycott.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 16 Mar. 2020, www.britannica.com/event/Montgomery-bus-boycott.

History.com Editors. “Montgomery Bus Boycott.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 3 Feb. 2010, www.history.com/topics/black-history/montgomery-bus-boycott.

“The Montgomery Bus Boycott (Article).” Khan Academy, Khan Academy, www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-history/postwarera/civil-rights-movement/a/the-montgomery-bus-boycott.

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It violated the 14th Amendment's guarantee of equal protection; it states that all citizens of the US should not be deprived of life, liberty, or property.

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This cartoon shows a white man at a bus stop getting angry at a black man who chooses to walk and boycott the bus system. They are trying to show the stupidity behind the anger of the white man, because the black man is just minding his own business, yet the white man still gets angry even though it doesn't involve him.

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The boycott was significant because it was the first mass protest during the Civil Rights movement, and MLK came to light as an important leader of the movement. He showed the African American community that they could protest nonviolently and inspired other communities to protest discrimination peacefully.

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The court case in which bus segregation was Browder v. Gayle. They cited Brown v. Board of Education as a precedent. Fred Gray and Charles Langford filed the federal district court petition.

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The concept behind the boycott was the idea of nonviolent protest. They decided to hurt the system by no longer supporting it, not by attacking it directly.

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December 1, 1955 - Rosa Parks refuses to give her seat to a white passenger.
December 5, 1955 - Local civil rights leaders stage a one day boycott to protest the arrest of Rosa Parks, and the MIA is formed.  It is so successful the leaders decide to continue it indefinitely; it continues for 381 days.
February 1,1956 - The federal distinct court petition was filed.
June 5, 1956 - A federal district court decided that segregated seating on buses was unconstitutional.
November 1956 - The Supreme Court upholds the initial ruling that it was unconstitutional.
December 20, 1956 - The federal decision went into effect.
January 1957 - Four black churches are bombed, as well as the homes of civil rights leader.

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The MIA, or the Montgomery Improvement Association, was formed after the arrest of Parks to support the initial boycott and extend it indefinitely. MLK was elected as president, and they asked for certain requirements to stop the boycott. After almost a year, the MIA filed a federal suit against bus segregation, and a federal district court declared it unconstitutional.

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The NAACP, or the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, was a organization focused on civil rights. There was a local branch in Montgomery in which Parks worked as a secretary. They helped to publicize the boycott on the bus system.

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The WPC, or the Women's Political Council, was founded in 1946. By the time of the boycott, the WPC had already been fighting for improved bus conditions for a decade. The WPC, along with its leader, Robinson, helped to spread the word of the initial boycott that led to the success of the larger one.

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This is E.D. Nixon, the president of the local NAACP, who assisted Robinson by distributing flyers and spread the word about the one-day boycott of the bus system on December 5.

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This photo is of Jo Ann Robinson, a leader of the WPC, or the Women's Political Council. She helped to print and distribute flyers describing the arrest of Rosa Parks and spread the word about a boycott on December 5 of that year.

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This is Rosa Parks, another leader of the Boycott. She also started it by refusing to give her seat to a white passenger. She was also a secretary for the local branch of the NAACP and was very involved in the Civil Rights movement.

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This photo is of Martin Luther King Jr., one of the leaders of this movement. He also was one of the most important leaders of the Civil Rights movement. He was appointed as the president of the Montgomery Improvement Association and helped to bring together multiple groups of the community to fix the problem.

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The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a protest against the bus system of Montgomery, AL, because of the rulings on segregation with seating. It began with Rosa Parks refusing to give up her seat to a white rider. Civil rights leaders decided to start a revolution by telling African Americans to not use the bus system, severely hurting the system itself.