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The Philippines are made up of 7,107 islands that cover a total area of around 300,000 square kilometers and are located between 5 and 20 degrees north latitude and 116 and 127 degrees east longitude.

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The Mindanao Strategic Development Framework (MSDF) has a road map for maximizing Mindanao's potentials in order to spur optimum development and ensure that the benefits of growth hit the poorest sectors of society.

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Fault block mountains, volcanic peaks, uplifted plateaus, low flat basins, a prominent fault zone that cuts through Luzon and Visayas, fissure flow masses, and incised valleys and canyons are just some of the structural elements and physiographic growth found in Mindanao.

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As the National Government works to complete the peace process, it must also concentrate interventions on the most vulnerable and disadvantaged sectors in order to achieve harmony and long-term sustainability. Participation of the private sector and civil society in Mindanao's growth and the establishment of a culture of peace is also critical.

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The region's biggest challenge is reducing poverty and achieving long-term stability in order to promote sustainable development.
Poor infrastructure and basic services such as health and education, as well as poor local governance and a weak private sector, plague the city. Armed conflicts, such as Moro groups' fight for self-determination, clan feuds, communist insurgency, and banditry, among others, result in significant economic and social displacement.
Solution: Communities recognize their own challenges and plan and introduce their own solutions for projects such as water supply and sanitation, small-scale irrigation, community infrastructure, and literacy and numeracy for older women and widows, as well as out-of-school youth and orphans, using a community-driven development strategy.

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• Community-based programs such as water supply and sanitation, farm-to-market highways, learning centers, and schools have improved access to social and economic services.
• Approximately 23,000 older women, including widows and indigenous peoples, and nearly 5,000 out-of-school youth and orphans took part in practical numeracy and literacy courses, which provided them with the basic skills they required to find work and earn more money.
• 13 building projects have been completed. A major vocational training center for the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority in the ARMM is part of this infrastructure, which will provide skills training for the region's youth.
• Technical assistance and small business owners helps them prepare for livelihood activities including selling agricultural products and operating small retail stores.
• Through home planting, livestock raising, and fish pond tendering, the project encourages food self-sufficiency and nutrition.

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Even in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, efforts to save the critically endangered Philippine eagle, one of the world's rarest raptors, soared.

Despite the global devastation caused by the health crisis, the year 2020 ended on a high note for eagle conservationists, with at least two eagle families spotted in the Davao area of Mindanao, the southern Philippine island.

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Because of its large land and population base, as well as its abundant natural resources, Mindanao holds a lot of promise for the country's overall growth and development. It accounts for the majority of the country's total agricultural production. However, the island's capacity has not been converted into long-term socioeconomic development.

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Given the successes of 2020, which came amid the crippling effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the challenges the birds face everyday from human activities such as hunting and illegal logging, Dennis Joseph Salvador, executive director of the PEF, is hopeful that the safety of the Philippine eagle is off to a strong start for 2021.

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Since temperatures drop with elevation, cities and towns at higher elevations—such as Baguio in northern Luzon, Majayjay and Lucban south of Manila, and Malaybalay in central Mindanao—have a nice climate all year; at times, the temperature drops close to 40 °F (4 °C) in those areas.

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The Agusan River in Mindanao drains the fertile lands of the island's northeastern quadrant, while the Mindanao River in the southwest drains the Cotabato Valley.

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Along the southwestern coast, a range stretches northwest-southeast. Mount Apo, the Philippines' highest peak at 9,692 feet (2,954 meters), is located along Mindanao's south-central coast. A low cordillera runs through the Zamboanga Peninsula in the far west, and a range of volcanic peaks surround Lake Sultan Alonto (Lake Lanao).

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On Mindanao, there are many significant mountain ranges, the most prominent of which is the Diuata (Diwata) Mountains on the island's eastern coast. Another range, stretching from the island's center southward, lies to the west. From the northeastern edge of the Moro Gulf, the Butig Mountains trend northwestward.

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Several distinct volcanic areas can be found in south-central and southern Luzon, as well as on the islands of Negros, Mindanao, and Jolo, among other places. Earthquakes and tremors are normal.