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            BONE & SKELETAL  TISSUES       

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            BONE & SKELETAL  TISSUES       

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Calcium homeostasis

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•Remodeling in response to use

•Resorption by osteoclasts and

•Deposition by osteoblasts

•Repair after a fracture

•Dead tissue removed

•Chondroblasts à fibrocartilage à
spongy bone deposited by osteoblasts à remodeled to compact bone

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•Adequate minerals (Ca, P, Mg)

•Vitamins A, C, D

•Hormones

•Before puberty: hGH + insulin-like growth factors

•Thyroid hormone and insulin also required

•Sex hormones contribute to adolescent growth spurt

•Weight-bearing activity

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•Matrix

•25% water, 25% collagen fibers, 50% mineral salts

•Cells

•Osteogenic cells in periosteum à Osteoblasts

•Osteoblasts

•Secrete collagen fibers

•Build matrix and become trapped in lacunae

•Become à Osteocytes

•Osteocytes maintain bone structure

•Osteoclasts are formed from monocytes

•Digest bone matrix for normal bone turnover

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Part of long bone

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•Long bones: longer than wide

•Such as thigh, leg, arm, forearm, fingers and toes

•Short bones: almost cube shaped

•Most wrist and ankle bones

•Flat bones: thin and extensive surface

•Such as cranial bones sternum, ribs and scapulas

•Irregular bones: do not fit above categories

•Such as vertebrae and some facial bones