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Blood transfusion reactions may sound similar..what are some key features that help distinguish one reaction from another. Can you give examples of what would help you?

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What happens when an Rh- woman has a Rh+ baby? Can you find any images that help explains this?

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1) create a fictitious client/name/age/add some demographics
2)create a dx/reason they need a blood product
3)what would happen if they were Jehovahs Witness
4)what tests or labs would likely have been done
5)create some S&S or a reaction (but don't state the reaction)
6)encourage your group to finish..so classmates can guess.Be prepared to tell your classmates if correct or not

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Blood was ordered for a 2 yr old patient on the pediatric unit. After the first hour the child’s temperature had increase by 1’C, they had a rash on their chest accompanied by a complaint of itchiness The RN stopped the transfusion and notified the team The physician and transfusion Services were notified and a transfusion sample sent to the lab. Upon receiving the results, the nurse realized the name on the blood tag did not match the clients ID band.

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Do you know your blood type? … state your type and see if anyone else in your group could give you their blood or you could give them yours. If you don’t know your blood type ..how could you find out? If you were in a serious car accident and bleeding heavily..what might you be offered? Are you a donor..if not ..why not??

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Working in the community requires care providers to be aware of gender inclusivity. With every blood donation..a potential donor is screening for risks.  Watch the first 7min 18 secs of this video from the CBS related to blood donation screening of Men who have sex with Men..and comment on 3 things you learned in this video

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Can men who have sex with men give blood? Q&A with Canadian Blood Services' Chief Scientist

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1) What went wrong in this scenario
2) Why do you think this error occurred?
3)How could this error be prevented?
4)What are the consequences to the patient
5)How is this information saved or captured to prevent future mistakes
6) How do you think this experience affected the nurse?

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1 some people( gay community) found it controversial however most of consider it a good initiative 2 donors who have risks are not considered for blood donation 3 Policy is an effective way to collect safe blood as well as to save the funding used on unsafe blood collection.

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with the first pregnancy the mother and fetus are not at risk for any harm. But that changes once the baby and mothers blood mixes during delivery, this can complicate things for the mothers next pregnancy

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The error could be prevented if the nurse checks the following:  Right blood, Right patient, Right time, Right place and 2 Identifiers prior to transfusion.

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My blood type is O- and I can donate to all blood types because blood type O- is considered the universal donor. However, I can only receive blood type O- when I need transfusion.

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My blood type is O- and I can donate to all blood types because blood type O- is considered the universal donor. However, I can only receive blood type O- when I need transfusion.

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What could help distinguish one reaction from another? Remember...

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What could help distinguish one reaction from another? Remember...

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Allergic: MILD: facial flushing; SEVERE: increased anxiety, wheezing, decreased BP.

Febrile: headache, tachycardia, tachypnea, fever/chills, anxiety.

Hemolytic: decreased BP, increased HR, chest pain, low back pain, fever, tachycardia, chills, hemoglobinuria, apprehension.

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My Blood type is B and. I can be a recipient from B , AB and O. I can also be a donor to AB and B blood types. Many years ago, I used to do voluntary with Canadian blood cervices, I found out about my blood type then. I think it is good to know your type and have it written some where or let your family know about it in case of emergency.

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The nurse who started the transfusion never completed her 7rights and 3 Checks, nor collaborating with the other Nurse she was doing her checks with as identifying patient is one of them, as per checking the doctors orders and comparing them to the bag.

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Life Threatening blood transfusion reaction

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Life Threatening blood transfusion reaction

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Acute Hemolytic happens in first 25ml of blood (chills, tachypnea, tachycardia, ect)
Anaphylaxis happens in first 10ml of blood (respiratory distress, swelling, emesis..)
Sepsis - high fever, septic shock and high BP

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When an Rh- mother has an Rh+ baby the first baby is not affected.  If the mother gets pregnant with a second child the antibodies she developed from after her first child will attack the second Rh+ baby.

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When an Rh- mother has an Rh+ baby the first baby is not affected.  If the mother gets pregnant with a second child the antibodies she developed from after her first child will attack the second Rh+ baby.

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The nurse most likely didn't pay attention to the identifiers and checks along 7 rights. She could've been tired and made the mistake, or was just plain careless.

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when the mother is Rh- and father is Rh+. The mother's blood will create antibodies against the Rh factor, thus treating an Rh+ baby like an intruder in her body. These antibodies will then attack an Rh+ baby's blood, causing it to break down the RBC of the baby and anemia will develop. In severe cases this hemolytic disease can cause illness, brain damage and even death.

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My blood type is B+ , I can receive blood from B+,B-,O+,O- blood types. B+ can be given to B+ and AB+ patient only.

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My blood type is B+ , I can receive blood from B+,B-,O+,O- blood types. B+ can be given to B+ and AB+ patient only.

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Both Acute hemolytic and Febrile (Nonhemolytic) reactions cause sudden chills and fever as S&S; however, hemolytic reactions will also create other S&S such as low back pain, flushing, tachycardia, tachypnea, hypotension, hemoglobinuria, jaundice, dark urine, bleeding , acute renal failure, shock , cardiac arrest or even death. Whereas with a nonhemolytic reaction, the S/S are much milder. For example, the client may have flushing, headache or muscle pain

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John Doe, 46 yr male, got into a car accident and lost a large amount of blood. The client is a Jehovahs witness and does not give you consent to transfuse blood for him. What will you do?

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John Doe, 46 yr male, got into a car accident and lost a large amount of blood. The client is a Jehovahs witness and does not give you consent to transfuse blood for him. What will you do?

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The patient was given the wrong blood resulting in what seem so be an allergic reaction which is lucky considering it could of been a much more serious reaction. The nurse either did not do her checks, check the patients ID band or screen and cross check the patients information and the donor blood.

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In this scenario,the nurse did not do the pre-transfusion checks that includes:Check Physician's order,check consent form from signed for blood and blood products, check requisition type and screen(cross match), check lab values, coordinate with RN, Inform Blood bank, Assess and prepare client,check has ID band, ensure IV Access.

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1)  Health Canada is responsible for the blood system. They provide approval of products.

2) Canadian Blood services is a non-profit organization.

3) The problem with blood safety is to make sure for people who come to donate aren't at risk for a transmissible disease.

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Overview

Rhesus (Rh) factor is an inherited protein found on the surface of red blood cells. If your blood has the protein, you're Rh positive. If your blood lacks the protein, you're Rh negative.

Rh positive is the most common blood type. Having an Rh negative blood type is not an illness and usually does not affect your health. However, it can affect your pregnancy. Your pregnancy needs special care if you're Rh negative and your baby is Rh positive (Rh incompatibility). A baby can inherit the Rh factor from either parent.

Your health care provider will recommend a blood type and Rh factor screening test during your first prenatal visit. This will identify whether your blood cells carry the Rh factor protein.

Products & Services

Why it's done

During pregnancy, problems can occur if you're Rh negative and the baby you're carrying is Rh positive. Usually, your blood doesn't mix with your baby's blood during pregnancy. However, a small amount of your baby's blood could come in contact with your blood during delivery or if you experience bleeding or abdominal trauma during pregnancy. If you're Rh negative and your baby is Rh positive, your body might produce proteins called Rh antibodies after exposure to the baby's red blood cells.

The antibodies produced aren't a problem during the first pregnancy. The concern is with your next pregnancy. If your next baby is Rh positive, these Rh antibodies can cross the placenta and damage the baby's red blood cells. This could lead to life-threatening anemia, a condition in which red blood cells are destroyed faster than the baby's body can replace them. Red blood cells are needed to carry oxygen throughout the body.

If you're Rh negative, you might need to have another blood test - an antibody screen - during your first trimester, during week 28 of pregnancy and at delivery. The antibody screen is used to detect antibodies to Rh positive blood. If you haven't started to produce Rh antibodies, you'll likely need an injection of a blood product called Rh immune globulin. The immune globulin prevents your body from producing Rh antibodies during your pregnancy.

If your baby is born Rh negative, no additional treatment is needed. If your baby is born Rh positive, you'll need another injection shortly after delivery.

If you're Rh negative and your baby might be or is Rh positive, your health care provider might recommend an Rh immune globulin injection after situations in which your blood could come into contact with the baby's blood, including:

Miscarriage

Abortion

Ectopic pregnancy - when a fertilized eggs implants somewhere outside the uterus, usually in a fallopian tube

Removal of a molar pregnancy - a noncancerous (benign) tumor that develops in the uterus

Amniocentesis - a prenatal test in which a sample of the fluid that surrounds and protects a baby in the uterus (amniotic fluid) is removed for testing or treatment

Chorionic villus sampling - a prenatal test in which a sample of the wispy projections that make up most of the placenta (chorionic villi) is removed for testing

Cordocentesis - a diagnostic prenatal test in which a sample of the baby's blood is removed from the umbilical cord for testing

Bleeding during pregnancy

Abdominal trauma during pregnancy

The external manual rotation of a baby in a breech position - such as buttocks first - before labor

Delivery

If the antibody screen shows that you're already producing antibodies, an injection of Rh immune globulin won't help. Your baby will be carefully monitored. He or she might be given a blood transfusion through the umbilical cord during the pregnancy or immediately after delivery if necessary.

What you can expect

An Rh factor test is a basic blood test. The blood sample is usually taken during the first prenatal visit and sent to a lab for analysis. No special preparation is necessary.

Results

If you're Rh positive, no action is needed.

If you're Rh negative and your baby is Rh positive, there's a potential for your body to produce antibodies that could be harmful during a subsequent pregnancy. If you have vaginal bleeding at any time during pregnancy, contact your health care provider immediately. Also, talk with your health care provider about scheduling an Rh immune globulin injection during your pregnancy and remind your health care team of your Rh status during labor.

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Rhesus (Rh) factor is an inherited protein found on the surface of red blood cells. If your blood has the protein, you're Rh positive. If your blood lacks the protein, you're Rh negative. Rh positive is the most common blood type. Having an Rh negative blood type is not an illness and usually does not affect your health.

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it is important to respect their decision, but it has to be clearly informed to the patient regarding the risk factors of refusing blood transfusion. looking at this scenario, i would right away inform RN or physician  about the patient's decision. health team could find if there's any alternatives or could talk to patient. mostly in these kind of circumstances there probably some forms for the patient to sign on whether they want to go with procedure or no. (in case there's any legal enquires) 

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it is important to respect their decision, but it has to be clearly informed to the patient regarding the risk factors of refusing blood transfusion. looking at this scenario, i would right away inform RN or physician  about the patient's decision. health team could find if there's any alternatives or could talk to patient. mostly in these kind of circumstances there probably some forms for the patient to sign on whether they want to go with procedure or no. (in case there's any legal enquires) 