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Looks like white power formed into blue tablets, patches, and lollipops

"Fentanyl." UXL Encyclopedia of Drugs and Addictive Substances, edited by Barbara C. Bigelow, vol. 3, UXL, 2006, pp. 333-347. Opposing Viewpoints in Context, https://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX3448100056/OVIC?u=lom_inac&sid=OVIC&xid=9ede4921. Accessed 22 May 2019.

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Commonly seen as a white power on blotter paper, laced with other drugs (most commonly heroin), or formed into tablets that look like other less potent opiates (such as morphine)

"Fentanyl & Other Synthetic Opiates." Drug Free, Partnership for Drug-Free Kids, 15 Aug. 2018, drugfree.org/drug/fentanyl-other-synthetic-opioids/. Accessed 16 May 2019.

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It can be taken in 3 of the 4 ways: injection, absorption, and ingestion

NIDA. "Fentanyl." National Institute on Drug Abuse, 28 Feb. 2019, https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/fentanyl. Accessed 16 May 2019.

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Often used by anesthesiologists, it acts on the central nervous system to numb the patient's pain receptors, but allows them to stay awake during the surgery (beneficial in cases like giving birth). Fentanyl side effects also include little nausea.

Because it is an opiate, the user can experience highs/euphoria like that of other similar opiates

Sine, Brian Clifford. "Fentanyl." Drugs and Controlled Substances: Information for Students, edited by Stacey L. Blachford and Kristine Krapp, Gale, 2003, pp. 173-181. Gale Virtual Reference Library, https://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX3402000091/GVRL?u=lom_inac&sid=GVRL&xid=80d95807. Accessed 21 May 2019.

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At high amounts, can cause hallucinations

Drowsiness

Extremely addictive, especially to those who were introduced to fentanyl to help with chronic pain

Respiratory issues such as difficulty breathing and respiratory failure

Cardiovascular issues, like low blood pressure or heart rate decreased up to 25%

Gastronomical issues such as constipation that can become fatal

Withdrawl symotoms include sleep problems, vomitting, uncontrolable limb movements, and bone pain

NIDA. "Fentanyl." National Institute on Drug Abuse, 28 Feb. 2019, https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/fentanyl. Accessed 16 May 2019.

Sine, Brian Clifford. "Fentanyl." Drugs and Controlled Substances: Information for Students, edited by Stacey L. Blachford and Kristine Krapp, Gale, 2003, pp. 173-181. Gale Virtual Reference Library, https://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX3402000091/GVRL?u=lom_inac&sid=GVRL&xid=80d95807. Accessed 21 May 2019.

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Classification: Synthetic Opiate

Scientific Name: N-(1-phenethyl-4-piperidyl) propionanilide

The chemical formula is C22H28N2O

Prescription forms include Actiq, Duragesic and Sublimaze

Slang names: Apache, China Girl, China White, Dance Fever, Friend, Goodfella, Jackpot, Murder 8, TNT, Tango and Cash, China town, Great Bear, He-man, Mexican Brown, P-dope, Poison, Tombstone

"Fentanyl." UXL Encyclopedia of Drugs and Addictive Substances, edited by Barbara C. Bigelow, vol. 3, UXL, 2006, pp. 333-347. Opposing Viewpoints in Context, https://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX3448100056/OVIC?u=lom_inac&sid=OVIC&xid=9ede4921. Accessed 22 May 2019.

NIDA. "Fentanyl." National Institute on Drug Abuse, 28 Feb. 2019, https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/fentanyl. Accessed 16 May 2019.

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Fentanyl is an analgesic (analgesia= the absence of pain)

A popular drug to create in street labs, which make it even more dangerous to users due to possible impurities.

Because it can be easily prescribed, there are many cases of doctors giving out false prescriptions of fentanyl to feed drug abusers

The amount of pure fentanyl that could fit on a pin head is estimated to be enough to kill 10 people

Used in 70% of surgeries used in the US, used on patients ranging from elderly to very young

Street versions of Fentanyl are up to 3,000 times more potent than morphine

Extremely hard to track down because of the dozens of variations of fentanyl created in street labs

Sine, Brian Clifford. "Fentanyl." Drugs and Controlled Substances: Information for Students, edited by Stacey L. Blachford and Kristine Krapp, Gale, 2003, pp. 173-181. Gale Virtual Reference Library, https://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX3402000091/GVRL?u=lom_inac&sid=GVRL&xid=80d95807. Accessed 21 May 2019.

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Fentanyl is used and carefully monitored in hospitals for pain relief, prescribed for chronic pain, especially after surgeries (or during for anesthesia) or when the patient is physically intolerant to other opiods

"Fentanyl." UXL Encyclopedia of Drugs and Addictive Substances, edited by Barbara C. Bigelow, vol. 3, UXL, 2006, pp. 333-347. Opposing Viewpoints in Context, https://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX3448100056/OVIC?u=lom_inac&sid=OVIC&xid=9ede4921. Accessed 22 May 2019.

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Fentanyl is a very popular street drug because

it does not need to be injected, so it does not leave track marks

it is a designer drug, and therefore carries less stigma than more infamous street drugs such as heroin or cocaine

Fentanyl is often laced with other drugs (such as heroin) which can be unknown to the user, which leads to higher chances of overdose

This drug is also popular at raves in some cases, which are filled with teens looking to take any drug that allows them to fit into the crowd (peer pressure)

Sine, Brian Clifford. "Fentanyl." Drugs and Controlled Substances: Information for Students, edited by Stacey L. Blachford and Kristine Krapp, Gale, 2003, pp. 173-181. Gale Virtual Reference Library, https://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX3402000091/GVRL?u=lom_inac&sid=GVRL&xid=80d95807. Accessed 21 May 2019.

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Classified as a Schedule I and II narcotic, depending on the amount used

First created in Belgium in the 1950’s

Did not become a designer drug sold on the streets until the 1970’s, where it was distributed under the slang name “China White”. It became popular because it was seen as a ‘safer’ alternative to heroin, and it was undetectable in someone’s system when using drug screening urinalysis

Chemically altered fentanyl became popular in the 1970’s due to the Controlled Substance Act of 1970 which outlawed fentanyl, but because the drug made in the lab technically didn’t have the same chemical makeup, creators could not be charged

Entered the New York clubbing scene in the 1980’s, especially in lollipop form

Sine, Brian Clifford. "Fentanyl." Drugs and Controlled Substances: Information for Students, edited by Stacey L. Blachford and Kristine Krapp, Gale, 2003, pp. 173-181. Gale Virtual Reference Library, https://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX3402000091/GVRL?u=lom_inac&sid=GVRL&xid=80d95807. Accessed 21 May 2019.