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Some animals mark their territory by scent marking using urination.

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There are many ways that animals defend their territory. Some larger animals will fight to protect their territory. Animals with different calls will use them to warn other that there is an intruder or to warn the intruder that they are in another territory. Other animals will use their resources and smells to mark a barrier to warn others that they are intruding.

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A niche is a how a certain animal or plant fits into an environment. some examples are how lions and hyenas compete for food in the savannah, and how plants compete for sunlight and possibly pollination.

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2 swans face each other and bow their heads as part of a courtship ritual.

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Pheromones are a chemical signal put off by animals to communicate with their own kind.

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Estivation is the resting of an animal during a dry or hot period.
A turtle lays out on a log to avoid the extreme heat.

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Hibernation is a state of inactivity, typically during the winter, where heart rate. body temperature, breathing, and metabolism slows.

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A natural way or behavior. A cat stalks its prey.

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A learned way or behavior. A dog learns tricks.

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Learning to identify certain animals and locations. Ducklings learn their family and way.

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A way of learning using repetition.
A dog learns when feeding time is.

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A way of learning using problem solving. An animals tries different ways of hunting to find which way works best.

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A way of learning that involves exposure to stimuli. Crows balance on a scarecrow.

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Movement from one place to another.

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Removing waste from an organism.

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A way of blending in with ones environment.

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A learned biological behavior.

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The maximum amount of organism that can be held in an area.

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Food, water, nutrience, and space are all limiting factors.

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a disease in which there is a severe loss of the body's cellular immunity, greatly lowering the resistance to infection and malignancy.

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A highly contagious viral infection of the respiratory passages causing fever and severe aching.

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An infectious bacterial disease characterized by the growth of nodules in the lungs.

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Dutch elm disease is caused by a member of the sac fungi affecting elm trees.

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Pfiesteria is a genus of heterotrophic dinoflagellates that has been associated with harmful algal blooms and fish kills.

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Symbiosis that is beneficial to both organisms. Bees gather nectar and spread pollen to benefit both organisms.

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Symbiosis when one organism benefits and the other organism suffers. A tick latches on to skin and drinks blood and causes sickness.

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A predator organism feeding on a prey. A cheetah chases after its food.

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Fighting between organisms. Two bucks fight.

Competition can occur over things like food, shelter, and mates.

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An association between two organisms that helps one organism but neither helps nor hurts the other organism. Fish tag along behind or beside sharks to eat their scraps from their meal.

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A species on which other species in an ecosystem largely depend, such that if it were removed the ecosystem would change drastically.

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Sharks are an example of a keystone species. They help regulate fish populations and clean the ocean.

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Prairie dogs are another good example of a keystone species. They help their environment by distributing water and keeping vegetation levels low.

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Hummingbirds are also a keystone species. Hummingbirds help to pollinate many different plants, and without them, most of these plants and even other species would die off.