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“The “personal communities” that youth develop help them negotiate identity and intimacy” (Boyd, 2010 P.83)

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“While social media have the potential to radically alter friendship making processes, most teens use these tools to maintain preexisting connections, turn acquaintances into friendships, and develop connections through people they already know” (Boyd 2010, P. 91)

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“Teens must determine their own boundaries concerning whom to accept and whom to reject” (Boy 2010, P. 95)

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“Properties of social media can alter the visibility of these acts, making them more persistent and more difficult for participants to get a complete picture of what’s happening or interpret the acts accurately” (Boys 2010, P. 105)

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Other than the unnecessary drama, I didn’t disagree with anything Boyd was sharing. A lot of it has been personal experiences or things I notice with my own teenage sister or friends, even though we’re pushing away from less social media. I think the drama is real and still exists, but I consider it all to be cyberbullying, because if you’re talking about someone or ‘teasing’ in anyway, that’s cyberbullying.

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This choice was made because it (1) "enables us to move away from the assumption that individuals have stable media identities that are independent of contexts and situations, and (2) "the notion of genre moves away from a focus on media platform... and shifts our attention to the crosscutting patterns that are evident in media content, technology design, as well as in the cultural referents that youth mobilize" (p. 37).

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"This 'hypersocial' social exchange is more generally a process through which people use specific media as tokens of identity, taste, and style to understand and display who they are in relation to their peers" (p. 41).

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"Looking around online and fortuitous searching can be a self-directed activity that provides young people with a sense of agency, often exhibited in a discourse that they are 'self-taught' as a result of engaging in these strategies" (p. 57).

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"In addition to intensive and frequent use of new media, high levels of specialized knowledge attached to alternative models of status and credibility and a willingness to bend or break social and technological rules emerged as two additional features of geeking out as a genre of participation" (p. 66).

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I think it was a bit unfortunate that the article was a bit dated, as I think technology and digital media are both incredibly fast-changing, with drastic changes in usage and genres occurring every couple of years. For example, MySpace and “burning CDs” are both now defunct, and social media applications like Instagram have become dominant, with streaming services such as Spotify replacing music downloads. Because the article was so dated, I think it missed a lot of new developments in digital media. In particular, the recent domination of digital images as a form of self-expression and communication could not be noted (with Instagram and memes), and I think it would be a fruitful area of exploration.

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Participatory politics can involve anyone and actions can range in scale 

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Participatory politics can involve anyone and actions can range in scale 

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“Participatory politics are a significant dimension of the political life of young people…giving them greater control, voice, and potentially influence over the issues that matter most in their lives.” (p. ix)

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“Young people’s repeated participation in these online spaces or cultures may shape their expectations about how communication and interaction should happen in other spheres of life, including the political domain.” (p. 9)

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Experts should keep notice of how youth use social media to engage in participatory politics.

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Experts should keep notice of how youth use social media to engage in participatory politics.

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“The data make it clear that participatory politics represent an important portion of youth political activity as it is practiced today. Thus, if we ignore emerging forms of participatory politics, we will miss a key element of overall political activity.” (p. 13)

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Youth who are interest-driven will engage in participatory politics

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Youth who are interest-driven will engage in participatory politics

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“Interaction with a diverse group can expose one to a range of opinions and attitudes, stimulating thought and deliberation around issues.” (p. 17)

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Interesting article in the context of 2012 of the trends of social media channels for news and participatory political actions. Little did the authors know that four years later the same social media channels of participatory politics would be exploited by foreign intelligence agents to spread misinformation and exacerbate existing cultural issues with the end goal to create more division than unity (there’s one bullet point that says there’s a potential for misinformation on p. xi, that’s it…). What’s more is that the administrators of those social media channels did nothing to curb the exploitation despite warnings from several US intelligence agencies. Now we all are living the consequences of the most effective intelligence campaign ever waged against the US. Because of the actions of 2016, this article is pretty much irrelevant now. I would not recommend assigning this in the future unless there’s an updated version that addresses the problem of misinformation on social media channels and what channels youth in 2019 are using because the majority don’t use the same platforms and channels we’re so familiar with now (eg, “Facebook is for old people").

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1. Black, Latino, and low-income youth compose a large demographic that compose the digital landscape, which remains an essential cornerstone for social and academic lives. However, there is a digital divide between race groups that use digital media, based on their own access to the hardware and software necessary 

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1. Black, Latino, and low-income youth compose a large demographic that compose the digital landscape, which remains an essential cornerstone for social and academic lives. However, there is a digital divide between race groups that use digital media, based on their own access to the hardware and software necessary 

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·        “Today, black and Latino youth spend more time using social and mobile media than their white counterparts, a fact that no one would have dared to predict just a few years ago” (Watkins 21)

·        “However, access to social and digital media technologies remains tenuous for young people growing up in resource-constrained homes, communities, and schools” (Watkins 21)

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2. 2. Black, Latino, and lower-income youth have tool literacy for navigating digital spaces, they lack digital literacy, which is an essential skill for students to develop in order to gap this “digital divide”

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2. 2. Black, Latino, and lower-income youth have tool literacy for navigating digital spaces, they lack digital literacy, which is an essential skill for students to develop in order to gap this “digital divide”

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·       “Virtually all of the students were aware of and used a mix of platforms to search for information […]However, the skills and the disposition to use that information in responsive and innovative ways were not nearly as prevalent.

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3. The Internet has largely reshaped Black, Latino, and low-income youth’s engagement with school and overall adolescent development, creating new grounds for their social and emotional development (sometimes to their deficit). 

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3. The Internet has largely reshaped Black, Latino, and low-income youth’s engagement with school and overall adolescent development, creating new grounds for their social and emotional development (sometimes to their deficit). 

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·       “Owing to their limited engagement in participatory cultures, many Freeway students were unable to expand and diversify their social networks beyond their peers at school…” (Watkins 42)

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4. With digital media, there is also a key focus on how students use it to engage with Pop Culture/social media, often consuming it to a much more intense degree and using it as identity formation

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4. With digital media, there is also a key focus on how students use it to engage with Pop Culture/social media, often consuming it to a much more intense degree and using it as identity formation

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“Through these and other social media activities, teens are not simply consuming pop music; they are actively fashioning a social identity that affords them a sense of self, status, and recognition among their peers through their engagement with pop music specifically and pop culture more broadly” (Watkins 44)

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While I didn’t necessarily disagree with anything from the article, I could definitely feel its age. Even though it was published only a year ago, it talked about how the students in the study grew up in the social transition from MySpace to Facebook, a point in time in which even I was too young to remember. Now Facebook is entirely passé with the younger generations (the generations in which our future students are), so I begin to question some of the relevancy of this article (as nowadays, digital media and presence is essential even just to participate in class, and the pressure to include it has already seemed to be enforced). However, finding academic papers and articles (which takes months if not years to compose) on technology is always an uphill battle, as technology and digital media are constantly updating, depreciating at the same rate of bananas.